Language/Portuguese/Culture/Mozambique-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Mozambique - A chronology of key events
Mozambique-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Mozambique-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg

Mozambique Timeline[edit | edit source]

Date Event
200-300 the first Bantus arrive in Mozambique.
700-800 start of Arab trade on the coasts of the Indian Ocean.
1400 advent of the Monomotapa empire.
1450 King Matope brings the kingdom of Monomotapa to its peak.
1489 Pero de Cavilha is the first Portuguese to arrive on the eastern coast via the interior.
1498 "discovery" of Mozambique by the Portuguese navigator Vasco de Gama who arrived in Inhambane on January 10 and on the island of Mozambique on March 4.
1505 a fleet of 20 Portuguese ships takes the port of Sofala.
1507 the Portuguese set up a dispensary and a church on the island of Mozambique.
1524 death of Vasco da Gama.
1552 construction of the fort on the island of Mozambique by the Portuguese.
1607 and 1608 Dutch attempt to invade the island of Mozambique. Part of the island is burnt.
1609 first treaty signed between the Portuguese and the Monomotapa. It is the beginning of the exploitation of the gold mines and the era of the "prazos".
1645 start of the slave trade between Mozambique and Brazil.
1752 the island of Mozambique becomes the capital of the country.
1832 the governor of Lourenço Marques is assassinated by the Zulus.
1857 official end of the slave trade (in reality it will be necessary to wait until 1878).
1835-1875 offensives of the Ngunis and strong resistance against the Portuguese.
1875 the bay of Lourenço Marques is attributed to the Portuguese by order of Marshal Mac Mahon.
1890-1891 start of large commercial companies with foreign capital (creation of the Compagnie du Mozambique, the Compagnie de Zambézie and the Compagnie du Niassa).
1895 defeat of Ngungunhane.
1898 the island of Mozambique is dethroned by Lourenço Marques, which becomes the capital.
1902 end of the reign of the fifty-second and last king of Monomotapa.
1906 Mozambique acquires an elaborate colonial administration.
1928 implementation of the native labor code.
1932 Salazar is appointed Prime Minister of the Portuguese government.
1933 proclamation of the Estado Novo - Colonial Act.
1956 start of the systematic actions of the political police of Salazar which pursues all the opponents of the government in Mozambique.
1960 revolt of Mueda.
1962 first congress of the Mozambique Liberation Front (Frelimo) in Dar es Salaam under the chairmanship of Eduardo Mondlane.
1964 start of the armed struggle for national liberation.
1969 assassination of Mondlane.
1970 Samora Machel succeeds Mondlane.
1974 "Carnation revolution" in Portugal. Lusaka Accords. The Portuguese state cedes power to Frelimo.
1975 independence of Mozambique.
1976 creation of the National Resistance of Mozambique (Renamo), an anti-Frelimo political and military movement, chaired from 1981 by Alfonso Dhlakama.
1979 Renamo engages in fighting.
1984 Nkomati agreements, Mozambique joins the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
1986 Samora Machel dies in a plane crash, Joaquim Alberto Chissano succeeds him.
1990 start of negotiations between the government (Frelimo) and Renamo.
1992 signing of the peace agreements in Rome.
1994 first presidential and legislative elections by universal suffrage under the control of the United Nations (UN), Joaquim Chissano is elected President of the Republic.
1995 end of the UN mission in Mozambique (ONUMOZ); Mozambique becomes a member of the Commonwealth, although it was never a British colony.
1999 presidential elections: Chissano is reelected President of the Republic.
2000 February: Terrible floods ravage the country, forcing tens of thousands of people to flee, abandoning their homes. November: more than 40 people are killed during a Renamo demonstration to protest against the result of the presidential elections.
2001 Flooding in the Zambezi Valley displaces 70,000 people.
2002 Armando Guebuza is chosen to represent Frelimo in the 2004 presidential elections, Chissano having announced that he was giving up running for a third term.
2003 local elections in which opposition parties participate without major boycott - a first in the country.
2004 presidential elections in December: Armando Guebuza is elected with a very low turnout, as well as numerous proven irregularities. At the same time, Frelimo advantageously wins the legislative elections.
2006 monetary reform on July 1: 1 new metical is worth 1,000 times the old one. An earthquake of magnitude 7.5 on the Richter scale occurred 530 km north of Maputo, near the border with Zimbabwe. 2 deaths are to be deplored for this earthquake, the tremors of
2007 on Thursday 22 February, Cyclone Favio, coming from Madagascar, hits Vilankulos with full force.
2007-2008 the two consecutive months of January record very heavy flooding in the Zambezi valley which displaces the population of more than 100,000 people. The 2008 floods killed 72 people (mainly because of the crocodiles taking advantage of the rising waters) an
2008 in March, cyclone Jokwe, coming from Madagascar, hits the north of the country, near Ilha de Moçambique: 10 deaths are to be deplored.
October 2009 Armando Guebuza is re-elected president with 76.3% of the vote.
September 2010 3 days of riots against the high cost of living (+ 25% increase for bread, in particular). Result: 13 dead and many injured. At the same time, the country continues to post a strong growth rate (7%).
September 2011 Brazilian mining giant Vale exports the first load of coal from the Moatize mine (Tete region). The exploitation of this 23 million tonne deposit seems to redraw many contours of the Mozambican economy.
2011 The tourism sector brought in 231 million dollars in Mozambique in 2011, which represents a growth of 27.1% compared to the previous year, according to state television TVM.
July 2012 Portugal and Mozambique sign a military cooperation agreement on the occasion of the visit of Portuguese Defense Minister José Pedro Aguiar Branco to Mozambique.
November 2013 the tension mounts between the Renamo rebels and the army, they denounce the peace agreement signed in 1992.
April 4, 2013 start of violence between Renamo and the police in the central province of Sofala.
September 5, 2014 President Guebuza and Afonso Dhlakama sign a peace agreement that puts an end to armed clashes (several dozen dead) and paves the way for the legislative and presidential elections on October 15.
October 15, 2014 Filipe Nyusi, Frelimo candidate, is elected president for five years with 57.3%. Frelimo obtains the absolute majority in Parliament with 144 deputies. Renamo has 89 seats: its leader Afonso Dhlakama obtains 36.61% of the vote.
March 3, 2015 Franco-Mozambican Gilles Cistac, expert in constitutional law and professor at Mondlane University, at the heart of the controversial debate about the autonomy of the provinces carried by the former Renamo guerrilla, is shot dead in Maputo .

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