Language/Scottish-gaelic/Culture/Scotland-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Scotland - A chronology of key events
Scotland-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Scotland-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg

Scotland Timeline[edit | edit source]

Date Event
-6000 Arrival of the first men in Scotland.
-3000 to -1000 First vestiges of the Bronze Age (monoliths).
-500 Celtic colonization.
79 Conquest by the Romain Agricola. Tacitus baptizes the country "Caledonia".
122-127 Construction of Hadrian's Wall to contain the Picts.
410 Capitulation of the Romans who leave the island.
563 St Columba from Ireland settles on the island of Iona.
700 First incursions of the Vikings from Norway.
843 Coronation of Kenneth MacAlpin, first king of Scotland. Scots and Picts join forces against the Vikings.
1124 Beginning of the reign of DavidIer and establishment of a feudal system.
1266 Alexander III drives out the Vikings and the Hebrides are integrated into the Scottish kingdom.
1295 Signature of the Auld Alliance between Philippe le Bel and Jean Baillol.
1296 First attacks by England to conquer Scotland. William Wallace then Robert the Bruce resist EdwardIer of England.
1328 Signature of the Treaty of Northampton which officially recognizes the independence of Scotland and the royal power of Robert Bruce.
1371 Reign of RobertII, first of the Stuart dynasty. English invasion attempts continue.
1472 Shetland and Orkney are attached to the crown.
1542 Mary Stuart becomes Queen of Scots.
1558 She marries FrançoisII in France, who becomes king of France.
1561 Return of Mary Stuart to Scotland following the death of her husband.
1567 JamesVI succeeds his mother after the defeat of Carberry Hill.
1603 James VI, King of Scotland, succeeds Queen Elisabeth, who dies without an heir, and becomes King JamesIer of England. It is the Union of the two crowns.
1625 His son Charles I succeeds him.
1638 The Presbyterian Church in Edinburgh revolts against the king in favor of the Anglican liturgy. Civil war in Scotland between supporters of the king and supporters of Parliament led by Cromwell. This entire period is known as the War of the Three Kingdoms.
1643 Execution of CharlesIer by Cromwell.
1650 Cromwell dominates Scotland after defeating the Royalists at Dunbar.
1660-1685 Restoration of the British monarchy with CharlesII.
1707 Signature of the Treaty of Union between Scotland and England, under the leadership of JamesII.
1745 Bonnie Prince Charlie launches the ultimate Jacobite revolution to return the throne to the Stuarts but is crushed the following year in Culloden.
1746 From there, the repression on the traditions of the Highlands is merciless: clans, language, music ...
1790 The Highland Clearances begin and the peasants are evicted by the landowners to make way for the flocks of sheep. They migrate to America, Canada, Australia ...
19th century Scotland is at the center of the Industrial Revolution. Many railways are created and Glasgow is gaining momentum.
1885 Appointment of a Secretary of State for Scotland within the British cabinet.
1934 Creation of the Scottish National Party by John MacCormick.
1939 Installation of the Scotland Office in London.
1973 Administrative decentralization in favor of Scotland.
1980 Decade marked by the economic boom in oil from the North Sea.
1991 20% of Scots say they are in favor of their independence in a referendum.
1997 74.3% of Scots approve of devolution (decentralization of executive power) in the referendum organized by Tony Blair.
1999 Creation of the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh. Independent management of several sectors: justice, health, education and training, tourism, economic development ...
2004 Inauguration of the seat of Parliament in Edinburgh, built near Holyrood Palace.
2005 Gaelic Language Act passed by the Scottish Parliament for recognition in broadcasting, the arts and education.
2011 Following the Scottish elections in May 2011, the Scottish National Party (SNP), which campaigned for Scottish independence, has a majority in parliament.
2012 Independenceist Alex Salmond, Scottish Prime Minister, launched a twenty-week consultation on Wednesday 25 January, the first step towards the organization of a referendum on independence in 2014.
2013 The launch of the largest fleet of tidal turbines in Europe began in September.
2014 After a fierce campaign, the Scots reject independence by referendum on September 14 by 55.4%.
2015 The SNP wins 50% of the vote and 56 seats out of 59 possible in the UK general election on 7 May.
2016 On June 23, the United Kingdom votes for Brexit at 51.89%, despite 62% in favor of keeping Scotland in the EU.
2017 On June 8, early elections are held at the call of Theresa May, the SNP loses 21 seats (from 56 to 35).

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