Language/Manx/Culture/Isle-of-Man-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Isle of Man - A chronology of key events
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Isle-of-Man-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg


Isle of Man Timeline[edit | edit source]

Celtic period[edit | edit source]

  • around -500: appearance of the Celts of the Iron Age of the Latenian type on the island.
  • th  century : the installation of populations from Ireland, requires theGaelic(which will evolve to become theManxor Manx) instead ofBrythonic.
  • c. 488: evangelization and Christianization by Saint Maughold (he would have been converted by Saint Patrick ).
  • vii th  century : reign of King Merfyn Mawr.

Scandinavian occupation[edit | edit source]

  • 798: first forays of the Vikings ( Danish and Norwegian ) in the Irish Sea . Throughout the ix th  century , they will sow terror in the region, while taking up the continent.
  • 880: the King of Norway takes possession of the island. The battle of Hafrsfjord (submission of various peoples by Norwegian King Harald st Norway ) causes the exile of some of them, to the islands and especially to Man. The Gaelic and Norse are the two languages of Manx.
  • xi th  century : the Scandinavians gradually adopting social organization and customs of the Celts.
  • 1014: Mannois fight Brian Boru at the Battle of Clontarf , at the call of their allies from Dublin and Laigin .

Rushen Abbey

  • 1079 - 1095: the Danish Godred Crovan , sometimes called King Orry , controls all the territory and organizes a form of administration; establishment of the Tynwald , assembly of free men, making it the oldest parliament in the world. Relations with Norway are weakening.
  • 1095: clashes between the northern and southern parts of the island.
  • 1098: the king of Norway Magnus III ( 1093 - 1103 ) resides in Man, the geographical situation allows him to organize raids towards Ireland , Wales and Scotland .
  • 1150: From this date, Celtic rites are abandoned at Rushen Abbey , the most important religious center of the Middle Ages .

Taking possession Scottish and English[edit | edit source]

  • 1266: July 2 , Treaty of Perth by which Magnus VI of Norway cedes the Hebrides and the Isle of Man to the King of Scotland Alexander III ( 1249 - 1286 ) against payment of 4,000 marks, or 2,600 pounds.
  • 1275: October 8 , Battle of Ronaldsway between a Scottish army and the Manx troops of King Godfred Magnuson who is killed there. End of the Scandinavian presence on the Isle of Man.
  • 1290 - 1333: period of unrest, rivalry between Scots and English for domination of the island.
  • 1313: Robert I st of Scotland ( Robert de Brus in Norman, King of Scotland from 1306 to 1329 ) is Castle Rushen , princely residence, after a siege of six weeks.

English domination[edit | edit source]

Rushen Castle.

  • 1333: sovereignty of King Edward III OF England .
  • 1334: Edward III entrusts the administration of Man to William Montacute , Earl of Salisbury, who enlarges Château-Rushen .
  • 1392: the island is sold to Sir William Le Scrope (future Earl of Wiltshire).
  • 1405: the King of England Henry IV entrusts the island to John Stanley and his descendants, for 350 years (homage is paid to the King of England).
  • 1417: first written reference to the institution of the House of Keys ( Yn Chiare as Feed in Manx, Chambre des Clefs in French).
  • 1422: the "House of Twenty-Four" ( House of Keys ) enacts the Constitution of Man (normalization of parliament , the Tynwald ).
  • 1458: The Archbishop of York establishes his religious guardianship at the expense of the Archbishop of Trondheim .
  • 1504: the title of Lord of Man ("  Lord of Man  ") replaces that of "King of Man".
  • 1603: Jacques I st of England and VI of Scotland is the first king bearer of the two crowns.
  • 1610: Bishop Phillips writes a translation of the Book of common prayer in Manx which will not be published.
  • xvii th  century : Manx is the majority language of the island - on the basis ofGaelicit incorporates many borrowings fromNorse, the language of the Scandinavians
  • 1707: Duties of Christianity is the first book printed in Manx Gaelic.

The Isle of Man is excluded from the Act of Union which unites the Kingdoms of Scotland and England into a single state (the United Kingdom of Great Britain ) under the authority of the same British Crown carried by the sovereign of England; the Tynwald and the Manx government therefore remain separate from the new British parliament and its new single government

  • 1736: James Murray, the Duke of Atholm's family, of Scottish origin, becomes Lord of Man .
  • 1764: Manx sovereignty passes to the British Crown. The King of England George III ( 1760 - 1820 ) becomes Lord of Man . Atholm's family remained governor of the island for 150 years.
  • 1765: The Isle of Man Revesting Act confers effective government on the King of England. The Book of Common Prayer was first published in Manx.
  • 1776: Methodists make their first sermons on the island.
  • 1819: the Bible is available entirely in Manx, while this language recedes (around 50% of the population uses it).
  • 1828: Atholm's family resells their title deeds to England for the sum of £ 417,000; the administration is entrusted to a Lieutenant-Governor, appointed by London.
  • 1831: start of mineral extraction at Laxey .
  • 1832: establishment of a regular maritime line with England, Douglas - Liverpool , which will promote the beginnings of tourism.
  • 1839: first Manx-English dictionary.
  • 1840 - 1842: adoption of the English currency, the pound sterling , and end of the local currency.
  • 1854 - 1880: exploitation of lead , silver and zinc mines . Laxey is the UK's most important mining center.

Autonomy[edit | edit source]

  • 1860: first election of the members of the Manx parliament which covers the use of its land rights at the same time as its autonomy resulting from the local ballot and not from the only nominations by the sovereign.

Douglas.

  • 1863: Douglas becomes the capital of the Isle of Man instead of Castletown .
  • 1872: adoption of the Manx Education Act: establishment of free elementary education in all parishes, for the benefit of the English language.
  • 1873: commissioning of the Douglas - Peel railway line .
  • 1874: a linguistic census shows the progression of bilingualism , to the detriment of Manx monolingualism.
  • 1895: London decides to return the sums collected under income tax , as well as customs duties  ; this is the origin  of Man's "  tax haven ".
  • 1896: Publication in English of the Manx National Songs and in Manx Gaelic of the Manx Ballads and Music , collections of traditional music.
  • 1899: foundation of the Yn cheshaght ghailckagh ("Society for the Manx language")
  • 1901: according to the census, Manx is only spoken by 8% of the population.

The Touris Trophy in 1992.

  • 1907: creation of the famous and dangerous Tourist Trophy (TT) motorbike race which takes the roads of the island.
  • 1914 - 1918: during the First World War , 5% of the youth lost their lives on the front lines.
  • 1919: London grants some autonomy to the island, but still reserves the right to appoint members of the Tynwald.
  • 1922: most of Ireland becomes independent, opts for republic , and Irish Gaelic as second official language; the British Crown and State become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .
  • 1931: foundation by Mona Douglas of the Aeglagh Vannin (“Manx Youth Movement”).
  • 1936: abolition of the tithe .
  • 1937: 600,000 tourists visit the island.
  • 1957: new customs agreement with the United Kingdom , the Tynwald is now responsible for the financial management of the island.
  • 1964: founding of Mec Vannin (“Les fils de Man”), the first political party in Manx by Douglas Fargher and Lewis Crellin, who campaigned for the independence of the island.
  • 1971: the census notes the poor situation of the language, only 244 people speak Manx. Independence of currency, the Manx pound issued by the Isle of Man Treasury , convertible with the pound sterling at the revisable rate of 1 to 1 (in agreement with the Bank of England ).
  • 1973: Membership of the United Kingdom to the European Community: the Isle of Man is not one part but associated with it. Edition of its own stamps.
  • 1974: death of Ned Maddrell (born in 1877 ): he was the last native speaker of Manx.
  • 1976: the independence party Mec Vannin wins 13% of the vote and a seat in the island's parliament.
  • 1977: the Celtic League declares itself hostile to the militarization of the island by the British army.
  • 1978: Mona Douglas creates the “festival of national culture”.
  • 1979: publication of the Fragher English Manx Dictionnary , English-Manx dictionary.
  • 1981: Guy Vannin loses his only seat in the House of Keys , split between the party and the Poblaght Soshiallagh Vannin (republican socialist party).
  • 1991: the census reports 643 Manx speakers a total population of 70,000 people.
  • 1992: following the publication of the census figures, a policy for the development of Manx Gaelic was decided, steered by a project manager; language teaching is optional in all primary schools.
  • 1993: 1,200 children speak basic Manx.
  • 2001: population census, the island has 76,000 inhabitants

Source[edit | edit source]

World Timelines[edit source]

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