Language/Chadian-arabic/Culture/Chad-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Chad - A chronology of key events
Chad-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
  • 7 million years BC. AD ➡ Toumaï lives in what today constitutes the erg of Djourab.
  • 3.5 million years BC. AD ➡ Abel and his Australopithecus congeners inhabit a region of lakes, forests and meadows.
  • 1000 BC AD 900 ➡ Sao people around Lake Chad; bronzes and pottery.
  • 600-1893 ➡ kingdom of Kanem Bornou.
  • 1522-1900 ➡ kingdom of Baguirmi.
  • 1635-1909 ➡ Sultanate of Ouaddai.
  • 1814 ➡ creation of Kouka by el-Kanemi.
  • 1850 ➡ founding of Abéché by Sultan Mohamed Chérif.
  • 1851 ➡ the explorer Barth is received in Bornou by Mayi Omar.
  • 1890-1891 ➡ start of French missions: the Crampel plan.
  • 1893 ➡ Rabah's victory over Bornu.
  • 1898 ➡ Paris Agreement, they give the Gentil mission the rights of France on the right banks of the Chari and the north of Lake Chad.
  • October 1899 ➡ construction of Fort-Archambault.
  • April 22, 1900 ➡ battle of Kousseri; defeat of Rabah and death of Lamy.
  • May 29, 1900 ➡ Emile Gentil founds Fort-Lamy.
  • September 5, 1900 ➡ creation of the Military Territory of the Countries and Protectorates of Chad.
  • March 17, 1920 ➡ Chad becomes a civilian colony with Fort-Lamy as its capital.
  • August 26, 1940 ➡ Chad joins Free France with Félix Eboué.
  • January 30-February 8, 1944 ➡ Brazzaville conference; General de Gaulle wants to give Africa more political weight.
  • November 28, 1958 ➡ proclamation of the first Republic of Chad.
  • August 11, 1960 ➡ proclamation of the independence of the Republic of Chad; François Tombalbaye is its president.
  • June 22, 1966 ➡ creation of the National Liberation Front (Frolinat).
  • June 1969 ➡ sole candidate, François Tombalbaye is reelected President of the Republic, gleaning 99.6% of the vote. Launch of the "authenticity" policy.
  • 1973 ➡ occupation of the Aozou strip by Libya.
  • April 21, 1974 ➡ kidnapping in Bardaï, by a Frolinat commando, of Françoise Claustre, Marc Combe and Christophe Staewen.
  • April 13, 1975 ➡ overthrow of François Tombalbaye by young officers of the Chadian army.
  • August 28, 1978 ➡ Hissène Habré becomes Prime Minister.
  • 12-15 February 1979 ➡ first battle of N'Djamena.
  • November 10, 1979 ➡ creation of the Goukouni Oueddeï Transitional National Union Government, following the Lagos conference.
  • March 21, 1980 ➡ second battle of N'Djamena.
  • June 15, 1980 ➡ Libya invades Chad, following an agreement between Muammar Gaddafi and the GUNT, denounced by Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué.
  • November 3, 1981 ➡ withdrawal of Libyan troops replaced by the Organization of African Unity.
  • June 7, 1982 ➡ entry of the Northern Armed Forces (FAN) of Hissène Habré to N'Djamena.
  • August 1983-September 1984 ➡ Operation Manta undertaken by the French army against the forces of Goukouni Oueddeï and their Libyan ally.
  • 1983-1985 ➡ the Codos, "southern" rebel movements, oppose the regime of Hissène Habré.
  • February 1986 ➡ the French army sets up the Sparrowhawk device, at the request of the Chadian state.
  • April 1, 1989 ➡ Idriss Déby illegally leaves the country for Sudan.
  • March 11, 1990 ➡ creation of the Patriotic Salvation Movement of Déby.
  • December 1, 1990 ➡ Idriss Déby entered N'Djamena.
  • January 15-April 7, 1993 ➡ Sovereign National Conference; election of a Prime Minister and establishment of a Superior Transitional Council.
  • May 1994 ➡ Libya's withdrawal from the Aozou strip, following the judgment of the International Court of Justice in The Hague.
  • February 9, 1995 ➡ decree promulgating Franco-Arabic bilingual education.
  • July 3, 1996 ➡ Idriss Déby is elected in the second round of the presidential election by universal suffrage. Several parties were represented.
  • March 21, 1997 ➡ legislative elections; the MPS obtains the absolute majority.
  • December 1998 ➡ secession of Youssouf Togoïmi from Tibesti.
  • 1999 ➡ the Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad (MDJT), created in October 1998 by a former minister of President Déby, Youssouf Togoïmi, severely shakes up government forces in the North. The power is still grappling with several armed rebellions.
  • December 1999 ➡ Togoimi's new push into the North and government reshuffle.
  • March 20, 2001 ➡ while the Court of Cassation of Senegal declares itself incompetent to try the former president in exile Hissène Habré (indicted on February 3, 2000 for complicity in crimes against humanity), 21 victims of Hissène Habré file a complaint against him - here with the Belgian justice, thus creating the conditions for a possible extradition of the former dictator to Belgium.
  • May 20, 2001 ➡ first round of the presidential election. Even before the announcement of the results, the opponents of President Déby denounce massive fraud. The results, announced on the 28th, gave the outgoing president an absolute majority, who won 67.4% of the vote.
  • January 7, 2002 ➡ signing of a ceasefire with the country's main rebel movement, the MDJT, under the aegisof Libya, which puts an end to 3 years of war in the North. However, clashes resumed in May.
  • April 21, 2002 ➡ the MPS wins the legislative elections (113 seats out of 155).
  • October 2003 ➡ commissioning, on October 10, of an oil pipeline connecting the Doba oil field, in the south of the country, to the Kribi terminal, in Cameroon.
  • February 2003 ➡ start of the Darfur crisis.
  • May 16, 2004 ➡ failed coup attempt against President Déby.
  • June 6, 2005 ➡ referendum on the modification of the Constitution of 1996, giving the possibility to Idriss Déby to run without limit in the presidential election.
  • May 3, 2006 ➡ Idriss Déby is re-elected at the head of the country.
  • February 2008 ➡ Violence breaks out during an attempt to seize power by rebel armed troops seeking to overthrow Idriss Déby's government by entering N'Djamena, after crossing the country from neighboring Sudan. More than a thousand French and foreign nationals must leave the country.
  • February 8, 2010 ➡ normalization of bilateral relations between Sudan and Chad.
  • April 2010 ➡ the use and sale of plastic bags are prohibited in N'Djamena. A healthy decision for the environment. Because these bags, used to wrap purchases of all kinds, are found, after use, thrown in the streets and hung on trees. This ban will be extended to the whole country. This is a first in the region.
  • May 25, 2010 ➡ The Chadian authorities and the UN Security Council agree to sound the end of MINURCAT (United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad) in eastern Chad, where soldiers from the The UN provides security for Sudanese refugees, displaced Chadians and humanitarian workers, in addition to the region's population of over 700,000. The departure of the 3,000 soldiers present in this part of Chad was completed on December 31, 2010. This firm decision plunges humanitarian expatriates and vulnerable populations into great concern.
  • July 2010 ➡ Following a bad rainy season in 2009, cereal harvests are weak in Sahelian countries such as Chad, leading 2 million people to be extremely food insecure.
  • April 25, 2011 ➡ Idriss Déby is re-elected President of the Republic.
  • 2014 ➡ mass exodus and repatriation of Chadians living in the Central African Republic.
  • August 1, 2014 ➡ the Sparrowhawk system gives way to Operation Barkhane, focused on the fight against terrorism in the Sahel.
  • June 15, 2015 ➡ a suicide attack, claimed by Boko Haram, claimed the lives of more than 30 members of the security forces in N'Djamena.
  • July 11, 2015 ➡ A Boko Haram suicide bomber blew himself up in the central market of the Chadian capital, claiming the lives of fifteen people.
  • April 10, 2016 ➡ By obtaining 61.56% of the vote in the first round of the presidential election, Idriss Déby is back for a fifth term.
  • May 30, 2016 ➡ after 16 years of legal imbroglio, Hissène Habré is sentenced to life imprisonment for rape, crimes against humanity and torture.
  • 4th quarter 2016 ➡ strikes and demonstrations are multiplying to protest against unpaid bills in the public service and budget cuts.

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