Language/Bambara/Culture/Mali-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Mali - A chronology of key events
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Mali Timeline[edit | edit source]

Date Event

Empires[edit | edit source]

750-1240 Empire of Ghana.
13th century Beginning of the Mali Empire which includes present-day Mali, Senegal, Mauritania, Guinea, Gambia.
1325 An architect from Granada built the Djingareiber mosque in Timbuktu.
1464-1591 the Songhaï empire reigns supreme over the territory.

Modern era[edit | edit source]

16th - 19th century a mosaic of small states follow one another (the Bambara kingdoms of Ségou and Kaarta, the Fulani Empire of Macina, the Toucouleur Empire, etc.). The practice of slavery is growing. Both the Bambara and the Dogon are victims of the holy war led by the Mus

Colonization[edit | edit source]

1857 siege of the fort of Medina. Colonel Faidherbe progresses in the valley of Senegal and meets the resistance led by El Hadj Oumar Tall.
1890 creation of French Sudan.
1892 Kayes becomes the capital of French Sudan.
1895 the colony is integrated into French West Africa.
May 1, 1898 the French colonial army takes Sikasso.
September 1898 capture by the French army of Samory Touré, a figure of the African resistance.
1900 end of colonial penetration in Mali.
1904 French Sudan is integrated into the colony of Haut Senegal-Niger. Inauguration of the Dakar-Niger railway line intended to transport goods to the port of Dakar.
1920 creation of Haute-Volta (now Burkina Faso). The remaining territory takes the name of French Sudan with Bamako as its capital.
1945 Fily Dabo Sissoko is elected member of the French parliament.
1946 creation in Bamako of the African Democratic Rally. The Sudanese section is headed by Modibo Keita.

From independence to the present day[edit | edit source]

1958 the Sudanese Republic is created within the French Community following a referendum 97% approved by the voters of Sudan.
January 17, 1959 creation of the Federation of Mali made up of Senegal and the Sudanese Republic.
June 20, 1960 the Federation of Mali obtains its independence.
September 22, 1960 the Federation of Mali breaks up. Modibo Keita proclaims the independence of the Sudanese Republic under the name of Republic of Mali. Modibo Keita is appointed president of the country. Adoption of a constitution.
June 30, 1962 Mali leaves the Franc Zone. Creation of the Malian franc.
May 13, 1964 re-election of Modibo Keita.
November 19, 1968 military coup. Modibo Keita is overthrown by Lieutenant Moussa Traoré.
December 6, 1968 the Constitution is repealed, replaced by a fundamental law.
September 19, 1969 Moussa Traoré becomes president of the provisional government.
1974-1975 first border conflict with Burkina Faso.
June 2, 1974 referendum for a new Constitution.
June 19, 1979 presidential and legislative elections. Moussa Traoré becomes President of the Republic.
March 8, 1980 students demonstrate.
June 1, 1984 integration into the West African Monetary Union (UMOA). The CFA franc replaces the Malian franc.
June 9, 1985 presidential and legislative elections. Moussa Traoré is re-elected president.
December 1985 second border conflict with Burkina Faso.
October-December 1990 clashes with the Tuareg.
January 6, 1990 a peace agreement is signed with the Tuareg.
March 26, 1991 military coup. The armed forces create a national reconciliation council under the leadership of Lieutenant-Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré.
January 12, 1992 the multiparty system and the presidential system are established by referendum.
April 26, 1992 presidential elections. Alpha Oumar Konaré becomes President of the Republic.
1994-1995 clashes with the Tuareg resume.
March 26, 1996 "flames of peace" ceremony. 3,000 Tuareg rebel weapons are burnt.
May 17, 1997 presidential elections. Alpha Oumar Konaré is re-elected.
May 2, 1999 municipal elections in four regions of Mali.
November 21, 2000 the president launches the decentralization policy.
December 2, 2000 creation of a High Council for the fight against AIDS, chaired by Alpha Oumar Konaré.
January 16, 2002 creation of a High Islamic Council of Mali intended to represent Malian Muslims vis-à-vis the authorities.
May 12, 2002 presidential elections. Amadou Toumani Touré, opposition candidate, becomes president of Mali.
July 14 and 28, 2002 legislative elections. The RPM (Rassemblement pour le Mali) wins.
October 16, 2002 after long negotiations, a government of national unity is formed.
April 18 to 22, 2005 the 9th session of the Joint European Assembly - ACP countries is held in Bamako. African countries are asking for debt cancellation.
December 2005 the 23rd Africa-France summit is held in Bamako. Jacques Chirac goes to Mali to meet African heads of state there. The French president addresses the youth in need of a future, evokes the problem of immigration and the difficulties caused by globalization
January 19 to 23, 2006 Bamako World Social Forum, anti-globalization rally. A first in Africa.
May 26, 2006 the Kidal region is occupied from the east.
July 4, 2006 signing of the Algiers accords which put an end to the insurrectional situation that reigns in northern Mali.
2007 Amadou Toumani Touré is re-elected president in the first round with 71.2% of the votes cast.
April 15, 2008 the "rice operation plan", costing 45 billion FCFA, was launched by the government following the sharp rise in grain prices.
September 22, 2010 fiftieth anniversary of the Independence of Mali.
2012 presidential elections.

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