Language/Korean/Culture/South-Korea-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for South Korea - A chronology of key events
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South Korea Timeline[edit | edit source]

Prehistory and Antiquity[edit | edit source]

500,000 BC AD Presumed habitation of the peninsula by hominids.
30,000 BC AD Appearance of Paleolithic culture.
6000-4000 BC Pottery "comb", Neolithic culture.
3000 BC AD Period of the great Ural-Altaic migrations.
2333 BC AD Legendary foundation of the first Korean state by Dan-gun (Gojeoson).
1500 BC AD Beginning of the Bronze Age.
700-600 BC AD Change in the style of pottery; rice cultivation.
300 BC AD Beginning of the Iron Age and Scytho-Siberian bronze culture.
194-180 BC AD Wiman Joseon.
108 BC J.-C Defeat of Wiman Joseon, Chinese commandery.

Three kingdoms[edit | edit source]

57 BC AD Kingdom of Silla (capital: Gyeongju).
37 BC AD Kingdom of Goguryeo (capital: Pyongyang).
18 BC AD Kingdom of Baekje (capitals: Seoul, Gongju, then Buyeo).
372-535 Adoption of Buddhism by the three kingdoms.
660 Fall of Baekje.
668 Fall of Goguryeo and founding of Grand Silla.
935 Abdication of the last king of Silla.
958 Creation of the recruitment exam for gwageo civil servants.
992 Founding of the Gukjagam National Confucian Academy.
1231 Mongol invasion; the court is held in Ganghwado.
1236-1251 Second engraving of the Tripitaka.
1372 The world's first printed text with movable metallic type.
1392 Foundation of the Yi dynasty (Joseon kingdom) by Yi Seong-gye.
1394 Creation of Hanyang (Seoul) as capital and construction of the Gyeongbokgung palace.
1398 Founding of the Seonggyun-gwan National Confucian Academy in Seoul.
1443 Invention of the Korean alphabet (or Hangeul), made public in 1446.
1592-1598 Japanese invasion of Hideyoshi; Yi Sun-sin's turtle boat.
1636 Manchu invasions.
1637 Treaty with the Manchu Qing dynasty, then closure of the country.
1627-1653 Dutch castaways, the first direct accounts of Korea in the West.
1785 First Christian community in Seoul.
1839 Great persecutions against the Catholics.
1860 Foundation of the Donghak movement.
1866 Other persecutions; French incursion into Ganghwado.
1876 Treaty of Ganghwado with Japan opening Korea to foreigners.
1882 Treaty of commerce and friendship with the United States.
1886 Commercial treaty with France, right of evangelization granted to missionaries.
1895 Assassination of Queen Min by the Japanese.
1896 King Gojong takes refuge in the Russian legation.
1905 Protectorate treaty imposed by Japan following the Russo-Japanese war; unofficial occupation by Japan.

Japanese occupation[edit | edit source]

August 29, 1910 King Sunjong renounces his throne.
March 21, 1919 A Korean National Council, formed in Vladivostok on March 17, forms a provisional government. Another provisional government of the Republic of Korea was created in Shanghai on April 11; a third, ephemeral, was born in Seoul on April 21. Of these three governments, it is that of Shanghai that prevails and embodies national resistance.
1921 Creation of the Korean Language Study Society, which will contribute to cultural resistance to the Japanese occupation.
1924 Creation of the Seoul Imperial University.
1925 Creation in Seoul of a Korean Communist Party.
1939 Japanese authorities impose compulsory labor service on Koreans.
1943 Dissolution of the Society for the Study of the Korean Language. The use of the Korean language is prohibited in the streets and Koreans are forced to Japaneseize their family name. Mobilization of Koreans in the Japanese army. At the same time, tens of thousands of young Korean women are being torn from their families to serve as "comfort girls" to the Japanese military.

Republic of Korea[edit | edit source]

August 6 and 9, 1945 Nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On August 8, Stalin declared war on Japan and the Red Army entered Manchuria. Soviet forces occupy Pyongyang on August 12.
September 8, 1945 The Americans land in Korea. They agree with the Soviets to divide the country into two zones separated by the 38th parallel.
November 23, 1945 Kim Ku and the Provisional Government established in China return to Korea. At the same time, the Soviets favored the installation in their zone of occupation of a People's Committee of North Korea, headed by Kim Il-sung.
July 20, 1949 Syngman Rhee is elected first president and the Republic of South Korea is officially proclaimed on the following August 15.
September 9, 1948 The Republic of North Korea is proclaimed in the Soviet zone of occupation.
June 25, 1950 North Korean troops cross the 38th parallel. On the 27th, the United Nations Security Council voted for military assistance to South Korea. Seoul captured the same day. At the end of July, the South Korean troops only held the south-eastern part of the peninsula.
September 15, 1950 Landing of Incheon, organized by General Mac Arthur.
September 28, 1950 Capture of Seoul by United Nations forces, which crossed the 38th parallel on October 7 and invaded North Korea.
October 19, 1950 Capture of Pyongyang. On the 26th, American forces reached the southern shore of the Yalu.
October 25, 1950 The Fourth Chinese Army commanded by Lin Biao crosses the Yalu and the Chinese "volunteers" retake Pyongyang on December 4. Seoul fell again on January 4, 1951.
January 15, 1951 American counter-offensive led by General Ridgway. Seoul was resumed on March 14 and the front was stabilized along the 38th parallel.
October 13, 1952 Capture of the Piton de Crève-coeur by the French Korean battalion, under the orders of General Monclar.
July 27, 1953 Signature of the Panmunjom armistice. A demilitarized zone now separates North Korea from South Korea.
April 25, 1960 Protests prompt President Syngman Rhee to resign. End of the First Republic.
May 16, 1961 Military Putsch of General Park Chung-hee, who on May 19 becomes head of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction.
December 1962 A new Constitution is adopted by referendum. Third Republic.
October 1963 Park Chung-hee is elected President of the Republic. He was re-elected in 1967 and 1972. South Korea began to take off economically.
June 22, 1965 Treaty for the normalization of relations with Japan.
July 4, 1972 The two Korean governments undertake to work for the peaceful reunification of the country.
1976 Korea's growth rate reaches 15.2%.
December 12, 1979 General Chun Doo-hwan seizes power. He was appointed President of the Republic on August 27, 1980.
May 21, 1981 Social discontent leads to an insurrection in the city of Kwangju. The repression kills hundreds.
November 1, 1983 Soviet air force shoots down a Korean Airlines Boeing 747 accused of violating Soviet airspace.
May 6, 1986 Violent student demonstrations in Seoul after one of their comrades set himself on fire to denounce President Chun Doo-hwan's regime.
February 25, 1988 Roh Tae-woo is elected president; entry into the Sixth Republic.
September 1988 Seoul Olympic Games.
September 30, 1990 South Korea establishes diplomatic relations with the USSR.
December 13, 1991 Signature of a non-aggression and reconciliation agreement between the two Koreas.
1992 South Korea establishes relations with the People's Republic of China.
November 1992 Treaty of friendship signed with Russia.
1993-1998 Presidency of Kim Youg-sam.
1993 Success of the Daejon International Exhibition.
1993 Chung Ju-yung, CEO of Hyundai, is convicted of embezzlement.
July 8, 1994 Death of the North Korean "Great Leader" Kim Il-sung. His son Kim Jong-il succeeds him.
August 13, 1994 KEDO agreements. Pyongyang agrees to freeze its nuclear program and the Yongbyon center will be subject to international surveillance.
1996 Korea is admitted to the OECD.
1997 Asian economic crisis.
December 18, 1997 Kim Dae-jung is elected President of the Republic.
October 1998 Japan apologizes to Korea for the abuses committed during the colonial period.
June 1999 Naval incident off the North Korean coast: the South Korean navy sinks several North Korean ships.
August 1999 Daewoo must abandon 19 of the group's 25 subsidiaries.
June 13, 2000 Meeting in Pyongyang between Kim Dae-jung and Kim Jong-il.
August 16, 2000 Reunion in Seoul between members of Korean families separated by the war.
September 19, 2000 Kim Dae-jung inaugurates the construction of a highway and a railway line to link Pyongyang to Seoul.
September 24, 2000 South Korea suggests installing a hotline to prevent any border incident between the two Koreas.
October 13, 2000 Kim Dae-jung receives the Nobel Peace Prize.
March 12, 2004 President Roh Moo-hyun is dismissed and replaced by Prime Minister Goh Kun, but his party's victory in the legislative elections leads to his reinstatement in office.
June 12, 2004 Signature of an agreement aimed at avoiding border incidents between the two Koreas.
October 9, 2006 North Korea announces that it has carried out a nuclear test.
October 13, 2006 Ban Ki-moon, former South Korean Foreign Minister, is elected UN Secretary General, succeeding Kofi Annan.
February 13, 2007 Agreement on the disarmament of Pyongyang during new six-party talks in Beijing.
May 2007 For the first time since the end of the war, two train convoys cross the demarcation zone between North and South.
October 4, 2007 Following South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun's historic visit to North Korea, Seoul and Pyongyang sign a joint declaration expressing their wish to pacify the peninsula.
February 2008 The coming to power in South Korea of ​​conservative President Lee Myung-bak puts an end to the conciliatory policy with Pyongyang.
May 25, 2009 North Korea performs another nuclear test.
June 11, 2009 Resumption of inter-Korean discussions on the Kaesong industrial park where around 100 South Korean companies employ 40,000 North Koreans.
2010 South Korea assumes the presidency of the G20, and Seoul hosts an international summit.
January 27, 2010 The two Koreas exchange artillery fire near the disputed area of ​​their maritime border in the Yellow Sea.
March 26, 2010 An explosion causes the sinking of a South Korean warship, the Cheonan, in the disputed maritime zone between the two Koreas. 46 sailors are killed.
November 23, 2010 North Korea fires shells at the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong in the Yellow Sea. The incident left 2 dead and 14 wounded among the South Korean armed forces, in addition to 2 civilian deaths, and triggered an armed response from Seoul.
July 5, 2011 The city of Pyeongchang is designated to host the 2018 Winter Olympics.
December 17, 2011 Death of the North Korean "Great Leader" Kim Jong-il. His son Kim Jong-un succeeds him.
2012 Yeosu hosts the 2012 Universal Exhibition.
December 19, 2012 Park Geun-hye is South Korea's first female president.
February 12, 2013 North Korea conducts a third nuclear test.
July 3, 2013 After a crisis lasting several months, communications between Seoul and Pyongyang have been restored.
December 2014 A Sony Pictures hacking case, on the sidelines of the release of the satirical film The interview, causes a new diplomatic crisis between Washington and Pyongyang.
January 6, 2016 North Korea conducts a fourth nuclear test.
February 6, 2016 North Korea fires a rocket to put a satellite into orbit (official version). Western forces suspect a disguised ballistic missile test, used to develop weapons capable of striking American territory.
February 2016 The communication channel between the two Koreas is closed by North Korea in protest against Seoul's closure of the Kaesong joint industrial complex (in retaliation for North Korea's latest nuclear and ballistic tests).
March 10, 2017 South Korean President Park Geun-hye is dismissed for being implicated in an influence peddling case.
May 9, 2017 Moon Jae-in, candidate of the Democratic Party (Minjoo), is elected President of the Republic of Korea.
August 26, 2017 New ballistic missile tests from North Korea.
September 3, 2017 North Korea's sixth nuclear test.
January 3, 2018 The emergency telephone line between the two Koreas, interrupted since 2016, has been reestablished.
February - March 2018 Pyeongchang, South Korea, hosts the Winter Olympics. North Korea is also participating in the festivities with a delegation of around 500 people.
March 8, 2018 Kim Jong-Un invites President Trump to a meeting by May 2018.
April 2018 The third Seoul-Pyongyang summit should be held at the end of April in Panmunjom located on the border between the two countries.

Sources[edit | edit source]

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Seoul, South Korea: Exploring Korean Culture in Seoul - YouTube[edit | edit source]

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