Language/Armenian/Culture/Armenia-Timeline

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Chronology of Armenia
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  • 100 BC: arrival of the first Armenians (an Indo-European people) in the vicinity of the lakes of Van and Sevan (eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus). They mingle with the natives of the kingdom of Ourartou. Shortly after, the region came under the control of the Persians and did not regain relative independence until the conquest of Alexander.
  • 189 BC: two generals found the kingdoms of Great and Little Armenia.
  • 95-55 BC: under the reign of Tigrane the Great, Armenia stretches from the Mediterranean to the Caspian.
  • 4th century: Christianity becomes official religion. It is the first Christian state in history. At the end of the century, the Persian Empire and the Roman Empire shared Armenia.
  • 6th century: rupture of the Armenian Church with the Greek Orthodox Church.
  • 7th century: part of Armenia passes under Arab supervision. West of the Euphrates, “Armenia Minor” is under Byzantine control.
  • 1020: the Byzantine Empire deported a large number of Armenians to Cilicia (Adana region in present-day Turkey).
  • X-XIth century: Bagratide dynasty. The Armenian “golden age”.
  • 11th century: domination of the Seljoukids, a Turkish people. Allies of the Crusaders, the Armenians of Cilicia create the kingdom of "Little Armenia" on the shores of the Mediterranean. It was maintained until 1375.
  • 13th century: Mongol invasions devastate the region.
  • 15th century: Ottoman occupation.
  • 16th century: wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Persian Empire. They share the country. Persia deported many Armenians to Isfahan.
  • 19th century: Russia conquers part of the Persian Empire. There followed a wave of Armenian emigration to the region under Russian domination.
  • 1877-78: Russo-Ottoman War. Russia seizes a band in the east of Anatolia populated by Armenians.
  • 1887-90: creation of the revolutionary parties Dachnak and Hentchak.
  • 1894-96: insurrections in eastern Anatolia. The Ottoman army responded with massacres (300,000 dead according to the Armenians).
  • 1909: massacre of 30,000 Armenians in Adana.
  • 1912-1913: the defeat of the war in the Balkans weakens Turkey, and encourages the Western countries to apply reforms favorable to the ethnic and religious minorities of the Empire.
  • 1914: started by the Ottomans, the war against Russia begins in the region of Lake Van.
  • 1915: an Armenian revolt breaks out in this area. The government arrests and executes thousands of Armenians, then decides to deport Armenians from Anatolia and Cilicia to the deserts of Mesopotamia. The massacres make between 1.2 and 1.5 million deaths according to the Armenians, between 250,000 and 500,000 according to the Turks, who deny its character of genocide.
  • 1920: proclamation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia. The Russo-Turkish treaty of Kars impute the western part of Armenia for the benefit of Turkey.
  • 1921: Nakhitchevan (which has 96% Azeris) and Nagorny-Karabakh (populated by 77% Armenians) are attributed to Azerbaijan.
  • 1923: Nagorno-Karabakh obtains the status of autonomous region of Azerbaijan.
  • 1984: the Permanent Peoples Tribunal recognizes the Armenian genocide of 1915.
  • 1985: the UN Human Rights Sub-Commission in turn recognizes the Armenian Genocide. The European Parliament did the same in 1987.
  • 1988: in the midst of perestroika, demonstrations break out to demand the reunification of Karabakh with Armenia. Anti-Armenian pogroms claim dozens of victims in the Baku region (capital of Azerbaijan). In December, an earthquake claimed nearly 100,000 lives.
  • 1989: Azerbaijan imposes an economic blockade on Armenia.
  • 1990: Moscow sends the Red Army to restore order.
  • 1991: Armenia proclaims its independence, while the USSR collapses. A referendum held in Karabakh in December voted over 99% of independence. Separatists seize military posts and start war with Azerbaijan. Baku places the province under direct administration. Russia supports Armenia.
  • 1993: Armenia occupies Karabakh as well as the entire area surrounding Karabakh and separates the enclave from Armenia, ie 20% of Azerbaijani territory.
  • 1994: The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sponsors negotiations between Azerbaijani President Heydar Aliev and Armenian Levon Ter-Petrossian. A peace accord is signed in July.
  • 1997: Lisbon summit. Baku is ready to grant Karabakh broad autonomy in exchange for recognition of its authority over the province.
  • 1998: Levon Ter-Petrossian resigns, under pressure from the nationalists. Robert Kotcharian, former strongman of Karabakh, wins by far. Negotiations are frozen. The assassination of many personalities highlights the mafia drift in the country.
  • 1998: Belgium recognizes the genocide of 1915.
  • 1999: Prime Minister Vazgen Sarkissian is assassinated in the middle of parliament. he is replaced by his brother.
  • 2001: France recognizes the Armenian genocide. Armenia is admitted to the Council of Europe, along with Azerbaijan.
  • 2002: in September, the Council of Europe gives notice to Armenia to abolish the death penalty by June 2003. On December 28, the director of the state radio and television station is assassinated.
  • 2003:
    • February: contested re-election of Robert Kotcharian; the majority also wins the legislative elections. Armenia becomes the 145th member of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
    • September: the National Assembly abolishes the death penalty.
  • April 2004: demonstrations to demand the departure of President Robert Kotcharia.
  • November 2005: by 93.3% of "yes", the Armenians accept the constitutional reform which foresees a reduction of the powers of the President. The opposition boycotted the project.
  • 2006:
    • January: terrorist attacks damaged two gas pipelines transporting Russian gas to Armenia. This event occurred when Moscow decided to increase the price of gas to countries of the former USSR.
    • February: The presidents of Armenia and Azerbaijan close negotiations on the Nagorny Karabakh enclave without succeeding in laying the foundations for a negotiated settlement.
  • May 2007: the majority parties win the legislative elections.
  • March 2008: the day after the presidential election of February 19 won by Prime Minister Serge Sarkissian, the opposition, headed by Levon Ter-Petrossian, denounces fraud and organizes demonstrations in the center of Yerevan. The clashes with the security forces caused the death of eight people.
  • September 2008: Turkish President Abdullah Gül visited Armenia on the occasion of a football match, the first visit by a Turkish president since independence from the former Soviet republic.
  • November 2008: The presidents of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign a declaration calling for a "political settlement" of the conflict in Nagorno Karabakh in order to "restore stability" in the region.
  • March 2009: the IMF grants a loan of 540 million dollars to Armenia, severely affected by the global financial crisis.
  • June 2009: Parliament amnesties opposition activists imprisoned since spring 2008.
  • October 2009: Turkey and Armenia sign in Zurich (Switzerland) a historic agreement aimed at normalizing their relations.

World Timelines[edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

New Topics in Armenian History & Culture (afternoon) - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Valley of Hope: The Armenian Journey from Terror to Triumph ...[edit | edit source]

The Untold History of the Armenians - YouTube[edit | edit source]

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