Language/Kazakh/Culture/Kazakhstan-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Kazakhstan - A chronology of key events
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Kazakhstan Timeline[edit | edit source]

  • 1st millennium BC The first nomadic tribes extended their territories in the steppe and throughout present-day Central Asia.
  • 642-712. Muslim conquest of Central Asia.
  • 751. The Chinese army is wiped out at the Battle of Talas, to the west of what is now Kyrgyzstan, which fixes the Chinese and Arab positions in Central Asia.
  • 1220. The Mongol troops of Genghis Khan sweep over Central Asia. The big cities of Uzbekistan fall quickly (Samarkand, Bukhara) and the armies have only to engage in the steppe without encountering resistance.
  • 1334. Explosion of the Mongol Empire into several kingdoms (the "hordes").
  • 1237-1242. Submission of the Russians to the Golden Horde.
  • 1382. Capture of Moscow by Tokhtamysh, khan of the Golden Horde.
  • 1502. End of the rule of the Golden Horde. The initiative is now with the Russians.
  • 1552-1556. Conquest of the Golden Horde khanates by Ivan the Terrible.
  • 1716. Foundation of Semipalatinsk.
  • 1855. Foundation of Almaty.
  • 1862-1884. The Russians seize all the major cities of Central Asia.
  • 1916. Violent local revolts against Russian domination.
  • 1917. Russian Revolution. The revolts continued, and an ephemeral independent Kazakhstan was born between 1918 and 1920.
  • 1924. Creation of the Soviet Socialist Republics of Central Asia. Kazakhstan is part of the Kyrgyz SSR, before becoming the Kazakhstan SSR in 1925.
  • 1930-1940. Collectivization, forced sedentarization and the purges organized by Stalin lead to a massacre in all the republics of Central Asia. In Kazakhstan, estimates put as high as 20 million dead.
  • 1939-1945. Central Asia is mobilized for the war effort. Many arms industries were created in Kazakhstan to provide for the needs of the Red Army.
  • 1949. First nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk site. Nearly 500 will follow until 1989.
  • 1968. The Russians become aware of the lowering of the level of the Aral Sea following the construction of canals on the Syr daria and Amou daria to provide water for cotton crops in the steppe.
  • 1987. Discovery of the Tengiz oil field reserves.
  • 1989. Closure of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site. Nursultan Nazarbaev takes over the leadership of the Kazakh Communist Party.
  • 1991. Collapse of the Soviet Union. Independence of Kazakhstan in December. The country immediately joined the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States).
  • 1993. Tengue replaces the ruble.
  • 1995. Adoption of the Constitution of Kazakhstan.
  • October 6, 1996. The first Frenchwoman in space, Claudie Andrรฉ-Deshays, takes off from the Baikonur base.
  • 1997. Construction of Astana begins. The transfer of the capital officially takes place on November 8.
  • 1999. Re-election of Nursultan Nazarbaev for a 7-year term.
  • 2000. New major oil discoveries in the Caspian Sea. The country's reserves are now as large as Iraq's.
  • 2005. The five Central Asian republics undertake not to use, construct, test or possess any nuclear weapon on their territory.
  • December 2005. Re-election of Nursultan Nazarbaev at the head of the country.
  • 2010. Kazakhstan takes over the OSCE Chairmanship for one year.
  • April 2010. Kourmanbek Bakiev, the Kyrgyz President who has just been re-elected after rigged elections, finds refuge in Kazakhstan after being expelled from his country by demonstrators and opponents.
  • May 2010. President Nazarbaev is granted lifelong immunity for any illegal act committed during his presidency.
  • April 2011. President Nazarbaev calls early elections and wins a new mandate.
  • December 2011. In Janaozen, in the west of the country, a strike by workers in the oil sector is violently repressed. Dozens of protesters die when police fire live ammunition.
  • November 2012. Astana is designated as the host of the World Expo 2017. The previous edition was held in Milan in 2015. Kazakhstan chooses to retain the theme of the energies of the future.
  • February 2014. Kazakhstan announces a first devaluation of its currency of 19%.
  • April 2015. President Nazarbaev calls early elections and is reelected by surprise with 95% of the vote.
  • July 2015. Beijing is designated by the IOC to host the 2022 Olympic Games to the detriment of Almaty, following a very close vote (44 votes against 40).
  • August 2015. The Kazakh government announces that it will no longer support its currency, which has been declining for months following the collapse of crude prices. A brutal devaluation of 23% takes place in the following days. Since then, the devaluation has reached 60%.
  • May 2016. The government launches a vast land reform which leads to numerous demonstrations in the country. They are severely repressed and many journalists are arrested.
  • July 2016. Astana welcomes its millionth inhabitant with great fanfare.
  • June 2017. Astana hosts the World Expo, focused on the theme of green energies. For the country, it is an investment of 3 billion dollars which gives it a superb international showcase.
  • December 2017. Miners from Temirtau, in the Karaganda region, go on strike by deciding to stay underground, in the mine galleries operated by Arcelor Mittal. The main demand concerns an increase in wages.
  • November 2018. A scientific expedition manages, in the nature reserve of Oustiourt, to photograph a Persian panther, an extremely rare feline, which has disappeared from Central Asia since the end of the 19th century. He is said to have arrived in the country from Iran, via Turkmenistan.

Source[edit | edit source]

World Timelines[edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

Kazakhstan, the country of the great steppe - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Traditional spring festive rites of the Kazakh horse breeders - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Creating A New Korean Culture in Kazakhstan - YouTube[edit | edit source]

The Origins of the Kazakhs: 1420-1520 - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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