Language/Luxembourgish/Culture/Luxembourg-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Luxembourg - A chronology of key events

Luxembourg Timeline[edit | edit source]

Date	Event
963	Foundation by Sigefroi of the county of Luxembourg.
1354	The territory is elevated to the rank of duchy of the Holy Roman Empire.
1364	This year marks the largest expanse of Luxembourg (over 10,000 km²).
1443	Luxembourg is part of the Burgundian Netherlands. Therefore, the Duchy of Luxembourg shares the same political space as Belgium and the Netherlands.
1506	With the reign of Charles V, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands become Spanish.
1659	With the Treaty of the Pyrenees, Luxembourg must cede the regions around Thionville, Montmédy and Damvillers to France.
1684	Louis XIV conquers Luxembourg and Vauban considerably enlarges the fortress of Luxembourg.
1697	The duchy is placed under the authority of the Habsburgs of Spain.
1701-1714	War of the Spanish Succession.
1715	Integration into the Austrian Netherlands.
1795	Luxembourg becomes the Forestry Department of the French Republic.
1815	After the fall of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna establishes Luxembourg as a Grand Duchy and grants it, under the personal reign of the King Grand Duke of the Netherlands (William I of Orange Nassau), the status of State independent. The territories eas
1815	Integration into the kingdom of the Netherlands by William I.
1830	Luxembourg remains faithful to Belgium by participating in the Belgian revolution and contributes to the construction of the new kingdom.
1839	Treaty of London. The French-speaking part of Luxembourg remains attached to Belgium (4,320 km²). The eastern part constitutes the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (2,587 km²).
1841	Luxembourg gives itself its first Constitution and enters the German customs union.
1843	Luxembourg retains its bilingualism (French / German), in use since the Middle Ages.
1848	The Grand Duke William II grants a new Constitution specific to Luxembourg.
1856	Revision of the Constitution.
1859	Inauguration of the first Luxembourg railway lines.
1867	International recognition of the country's independence. London Congress: Luxembourg becomes neutral. The Prussian garrison leaves the fortress of Luxembourg which must be dismantled. Luxembourg becomes an open city.
1868	Drafting of the current Constitution, October 17.
1870	Luxembourg is erected into a bishopric.
1890	The Grand Duchy comes under the control of the Nassau-Weilburg house: Luxembourg is thus detached from the sovereignty of the Netherlands.
1907	For lack of male descent, the Salic law is abandoned in favor of Princess Marie-Adélaïde.
1912	The Grand Duke William IV dies. His daughter Marie-Adélaïde succeeded him.
1914	Invasion of German troops. The First World War highlights the fragility of Luxembourg's independence.
1918-1919	Luxembourg leaves the German customs union. The electoral right is extended to adult men and women. The Treaty of Versailles confirms the country's independence.
1919	The Grand Duchess Charlotte accedes to the throne, after the abdication of her sister Marie-Adélaïde.
1921	Luxembourg enters into Economic and Monetary Union with Belgium.
1940	The Germans violate Luxembourg neutrality and occupy the country. The Grand Ducal family went into exile, first in England.
1942	General strike against the occupiers in Wiltz, repressed in blood.
1944	Liberation by American troops then German response in the Ardennes. At the end of the year, the war is about to end. At the same time, the Benelux union begins the process of European construction.
1945	After the Battle of the Ardennes, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg regains its independence. The Grand Duchess Charlotte returns from her exile.
1948	Luxembourg signs the Treaty of Brussels.
1949	Luxembourg leaves its neutrality and integrates NATO.
1952	Luxembourg-Ville becomes the seat of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
1964	The Grand Duchess Charlotte abdicates in favor of her son Jean.
1981	Closure in November of the last mine in Luxembourg's Terres Rouges (Thillenbierg).
1984	Luxembourgish becomes the national language. From now on, the official languages are Luxembourgish, French and German.
1985	Luxembourg reaches the rank of an archbishopric.
1985-1990	First agreement and convention of Schengen (Luxembourg) which promulgates the opening of the borders between the signatory European countries.
1992	The Maastricht Treaty seals the conditions for Economic and Monetary Union.
1995	Luxembourg is for the first time "European Capital of Culture". Jean-Claude Juncker becomes Prime Minister of Luxembourg.
2000	Henri of Luxembourg becomes sovereign Grand Duke of the country after the abdication of his father, the Grand Duke Jean.
2002	Luxembourg introduces the euro as a current currency.
2005	Luxembourg takes over the presidency of the European Union during the first half of the year. Death of the Grand Duchess Charlotte.
2007	Luxembourg and the Greater Region are "European Capital of Culture". The East European TGV links Luxembourg to Paris for the first time in 2.5 hours, five times a day.
2009	Luxembourg legalizes euthanasia.
2010	To face the economic crisis, new tax measures are put in place. They relate in particular to the creation of a crisis contribution, a new maximum tax rate, an increase in the solidarity tax. These measures were finally abolished in January 2012.
2011	Equality between men and women is introduced in matters of succession to the throne. This new order of succession applies for the first time to the descendants of the Grand Duke Henry.
2012
September	Prince Félix, second child of Grand Duke Henri, marries a young German woman, Claire Lademacher. The religious ceremony takes place in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume, in the Var.
October	The heir Grand Duke Guillaume, first son of Grand Duke Henri, marries Belgian Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy at Notre-Dame Cathedral in Luxembourg. The engagement took place in April of the same year.

2013
January	Luxembourg sits as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.
April	The Grand Duchy commits to lifting banking secrecy from 2015.
October	The holding of the early parliamentary elections announced in July by the Grand Duke and the appointment of Xavier Bettel, one of the leaders of the opposition, as Prime Minister disrupted the political life of the Grand Duchy.
2014
March	Luxembourg takes over the presidency of the United Nations Security Council for one month.
April	Luxembourg celebrates 175 years of independence (Treaty of London of April 19, 1839).
June	Birth of Princess Amalia, daughter of Prince Félix and Princess Claire. Passing of the law authorizing marriage between two people of the same sex, with entry into force as of January 1, 2015. The Prime Minister keeps his commitment to detach the celebrat
2015
January 1	In accordance with the commitments made to Europe, Luxembourg is modifying its VAT rates upward and implementing the first measures to lift banking secrecy.
January 7	Triple referendum among the population on the limitation of the terms of office of members of the government, on the opening of the right to vote to foreigners residing in the Grand Duchy for at least ten years and on the lowering of the right to vote to
January 20	Signature by the Luxembourg government and the representatives of the various religious communities of an agreement reforming relations between Church and State. The convention fixes annual financial support for each religious community. The amounts of th
March 6	Visit of François Hollande to the Grand Duchy. This is the first official visit by a French head of state in more than 23 years.
June 13	Luxembourg celebrates the 30th anniversary of the signing of the Schengen agreement.
June 24	Official visit of Prime Minister Xavier Bettel to Paris.
July 1	Luxembourg holds the presidency of the Council of Europe for 6 months.
2016
February 22	Beginning of the Luxembourg presidency of the Committee of Ministers of the Benelux Union.
March	Commissioning of the first automatic speed cameras on Luxembourg roads.
April 11	Working visit by French Prime Minister Manuel Valls.
June 23	The financial center of Luxembourg is destabilized by the departure of the United Kingdom (and therefore of the City) from the European Community. Many questions then arise on the new role that the capital of the Grand Duchy will be able to play within th
2017
January 1	Entry into force of a new law on the different stages of access to Luxembourg nationality, in the interests of equity and social cohesion.
2018
October 14	Legislative elections against the backdrop of Brexit.
2019
March 27	Europe Day (May 9) becomes a public holiday in Luxembourg.
April 23	Death of the former Grand Duke Jean at the age of 98.