Language/Spanish/Culture/Mexico-Timeline
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Historical Timeline for Mexico - A chronology of key events
Date | Event |
---|---|
Spanish Mexico[edit | edit source] | |
Under the reign of Charles V[edit | edit source] | |
1517 | the conquistador Francisco Hernández de Córdoba discovers the Yucatán. |
1521 | capture of Mexico after a siege of three months. End of the Aztec Empire. |
August 13, 1521 | Hernán Cortés governs New Spain. |
December 9, 1528 | Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán is appointed president of the first Audiencia. |
January 10, 1531 | the second Audiencia composed of Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal, Vasco de Quiroga, Juan de Salmerón, Alonso de Maldonado, Francisco Ceinos. |
April 17, 1535 | Don Antonio de Mendoza is the first viceroy of New Spain |
January 25, 1553 | Viceroy Luis de Velasco inaugurates the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico. |
During the reign of Philip II[edit | edit source] | |
November 28, 1607 | Viceroy Luis de Velasco (son) orders the start of work on the Huehuetoca canal to control the floods in Mexico City. |
1610 | Viceroy Luis de Velasco (son) receives the first Japanese embassy composed of Luis Sotelo and Shōsuke Tanaka. |
August 20, 1611 | major earthquake in Mexico City. |
1616 | drought and famine in New Spain. |
1620 | Viceroy Diego Fernández de Córdoba had an aqueduct built with 900 arches to supply Mexico City with water. |
During the reign of Philip IV[edit | edit source] | |
March 7, 1623 | Viceroy Diego Carrillo de Mendoza y Pimentel orders the start of drainage works in Mexico City. |
January 17, 1637 | earthquake in Mexico City. |
April 22, 1639 | a bull from Pope Urban VIII prohibits slavery in Latin America. |
1641 | Viceroy Diego López Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla sends an expedition of Jesuits to colonize California. |
1651 | famine in Yucatan. |
December 22, 1667 | second consecration of the Cathedral of Mexico City. |
During the reign of Charles II[edit | edit source] | |
June 6, 1675 | first mint of gold coins in Mexico City. |
July 12, 1684 | solar eclipse in Mexico City. |
1685 | René Robert Cavelier de La Salle establishes Fort Saint-Louis in Victoria New Spain (now Texas). |
1692 | drought and famine, riots in Mexico City, the palace of Viceroy Gaspar de la Cerda Sandoval Silva y Mendoza is attacked by the crowd. |
March 27, 1696 | the students of the University of Mexico burn the scaffold in the Plaza de Armas during a riot put down by the Viceroy Juan Ortega y Montañés |
Under the reign of Philippe V[edit | edit source] | |
1700 | Viceroy José Sarmiento y Valladares establishes a curfew in Mexico City to fight crime. |
October 12, 1709 | founding of the city of San Francisco de Cuéllar (now Chihuahua) |
1713 | unprecedented snowfall in Mexico City. |
1717 | The Crown establishes a tobacco monopoly in New Spain. |
June 16, 1718 | attempted assassination of Viceroy Baltasar de Zúñiga. |
1730 the currency of Mexico produces more than ten million pesos in silver and 151,560 in gold. | |
1735-1736 | disasters fall on Mexico, floods and epidemics cause the death of two thirds of the indigenous population of Mexico. |
1739 | the English declare war on Spain and threaten the colonies. |
1744 | Viceroy Pedro Cebrián y Agustín orders a census of the population of New Spain, which indicates 3,865,000 inhabitants. |
During the reign of Ferdinand VI[edit | edit source] | |
April 30, 1748 | peace with England. |
May 13, 1752 | solar eclipse over New Spain. |
May 8, 1753 | birth of Miguel Hidalgo in Guanajuato. |
During the reign of Charles III[edit | edit source] | |
September 29, 1759 | birth of the El Jorullo volcano in Michoacán. |
1761 | smallpox epidemic. |
1762 | new war with England. |
November 3, 1763 | the Treaty of Fontainebleau cedes the territories of Louisiana located west of the Mississippi to Spain. |
September 30, 1765 | birth of José María Morelos in Vallodalid. |
January 21, 1779 | birth of Ignacio Allende. |
February 12, 1779 | departure of an exploration expedition sent by Viceroy Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa which goes up the Pacific coast to Alaska. |
1779 | serious smallpox epidemic. |
1779 | the future Viceroy of New Spain Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid helps the American revolutionaries. He is considered in the United States as a hero of the revolution. |
1780 | Viceroy Martín de Mayorga orders the conservation of the archives of New Spain. |
September 27, 1783 | birth of Agustín de Iturbide, future emperor of Mexico. |
During the reign of Charles IV[edit | edit source] | |
August 12, 1788 | birth of Lorenzo de Zavala in Yucatan, future vice-president of the Republic of Texas. |
November 14, 1789 | for the first time we observe an aurora borealis in Mexico City. |
1792 | Fausto de Elhuyar is commissioned by King Charles III of Spain to organize the Real Seminario de Minería (School of Mines) in Mexico City. |
February 21, 1794 | birth of Antonio López de Santa Anna in Xalapa. |
October 5, 1797 | new war with England. |
March 8, 1800 | earthquake in Mexico City. |
October 1, 1800 | Spain surrenders Louisiana to France. |
October 5, 1801 | earthquake in Oaxaca. |
1802 | peace with England. |
January 4, 1803 | José de Iturrigaray is Viceroy of New Spain, he is rather favorable to the ideas of independence. |
March 22, 1803 | arrival of Baron Alexander von Humboldt. |
April 30, 1803 | Napoleon sells Louisiana to the United States. |
September 1, 1808 | Melchor de Talamantes publishes two leaflets in favor of independence. |
September 15, 1808 | The Viceroy José de Iturrigaray is deposed by the anti-independence activists. |
During the reign of Ferdinand VII[edit | edit source] | |
September 16, 1808 | Pedro de Garibay a senile old man replaces the deposed Viceroy. |
During the reign of Joseph Bonaparte[edit | edit source] | |
February 1809 | the Archbishop of Mexico Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont replaces Pedro de Garibay as Viceroy. |
September 14, 1810 | Francisco Javier Venegas is appointed Viceroy of New Spain. |
September 15-16, 1810 | Grito de Dolores |
August 19, 1811 first attempt at independent government of French-dominated Spain by Ignacio López Rayón in Zitácuaro [1] [archive] | |
October 30, 1810 | Miguel Hidalgo wins the battle at Monte de las Cruces, Mexico is about to fall, but Hidalgo hesitates and orders the retreat. |
December 6, 1810 | Hidalgo's decree abolishing slavery and tribute. |
March 21, 1811 | Miguel Hidalgo, Ignacio Allende and Juan Aldama, are taken prisoner in Acatita de Baján by the troops of Félix María Calleja del Rey. |
July 30, 1811 | Miguel Hidalgo is executed. |
During the reign of Ferdinand VII[edit | edit source] | |
March 4, 1813 | Félix María Calleja del Rey is Viceroy of New Spain. |
November 6, 1813 | promulgation of the decree of Independence |
October 22, 1814 | promulgation of the decree of the constitution of Apzingán; Universal suffrage |
December 22, 1815 | José María Morelos is executed. |
September 20, 1816 | Juan Ruiz de Apodaca is Viceroy of New Spain. |
November 9, 1820 | General Agustín de Iturbide receives command of the royalist troops of New Spain. |
Independent Mexico[edit | edit source] | |
Main article | Mexican War of Independence. |
1820 | secret negotiations between the Creole general Agustín de Iturbide and the independentist Vicente Guerrero. |
February 24, 1821 | Agustín de Iturbide publishes the Plan of Iguala. |
August 23, 1821 | Juan O'Donojú and General Antonio López de Santa Anna meet Agustín de Iturbide and sign the Treaty of Córdoba. |
September 27, 1821 | Iturbide (under the name of Augustine I) enters Mexico at the head of his army. Mexico is independent. |
July 21, 1822 | Agustín de Iturbide is crowned Augustin I, constitutional emperor of Mexico. |
December 1822 | Antonio López de Santa Anna and Guadalupe Victoria sign Casa Mata's Plan to overthrow Iturbide and establish a republic. |
March 19, 1823 | Iturbide abdicates. |
July 19, 1824 | Iturbide is overthrown and shot. |
October 4, 1824 | promulgation of the Constitution of the Mexican Republic |
October 10, 1824 | Guadalupe Victoria is the first president of the Mexican Republic. |
Main article | List of presidents of Mexico. |
March 31, 1829 | Vicente Guerrero becomes the second president of the Mexican Republic. |
November 7, 1835 | Helped by the United States, Texas proclaims its independence. |
November 27-December 5, 1838 | Battle of San Juan de Ulúa, heroic defense of the Port of Veracruz by Santa Anna against its occupation by the French. |
May 13, 1846 | The United States declares war on Mexico. |
1847 | Mexico enters the war and is invaded by the United States, the northern half of its territory is lost. |
February 2, 1848 | Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo between Mexico and the United States. |
December 16, 1853 | Santa Anna reinstalls his dictatorship. |
June 25, 1856 | “Loi lerdo” |
1857 | drafting of a liberal Constitution. |
1858 | start of the presidency of Benito Juárez. |
July 17, 1861 | Congress suspends payments of the External Debt for 2 years. |
October 31, 1861 | signature in London of the Triple Alliance (GB, FR, ESP) with a view to military intervention in Mexico. |
December 7, 1861 | Spanish troops land in Veracruz. |
January 1862 | English and French warships arrive in Veracruz. |
1862-1867 | expedition to Mexico, ephemeral empire of Maximilian of Habsburg. |
April 28, 1862 | Battle of Las Cumbres. |
May 5, 1862 | first battle of Puebla. |
March 16-May 17, 1863 | Second battle of Puebla, Mexico. |
April 30, 1863 | Battle of Camerone, Mexico, feat of arms of the Foreign Legion. |
April 10, 1864 | Maximilian of Austria accepts the imperial crown and signs the Treaty of Miramar with Napoleon III. |
1862-1867 | resistance of the reforming and liberal government of Bénito Juarez against French intervention leading to the withdrawal of Napoleon III's troops from the country |
June 12, 1864 | arrival in Mexico City of Maximilian and Charlotte of Habsburg, respectively Emperor and Empress of Mexico. |
November 26, 1867 | execution of the Emperor Maximilian, puppet of the French, shot in Queretaro. |
1867 | Benito Juarez becomes President of the Republic. |
April 20, 1868 | socialist rebellion of Julio Chavez López, in Chalco. |
July 18-19, 1872 | death of President Benito Juárez. Sébastien Lerdo Tejeda takes possession of the Presidency of the Republic. |
1876 | rebellion and seizure of power by Porfirio Díaz. |
June 21, 1876 | death of Antonio López de Santa Anna. |
1880 | start of the presidency of Manuel González, intimate of Díaz. |
1884 | end of Manuel González's presidency, Díaz regains power. |
1908 | Porfirio Díaz announces that there will be free elections. |
1910:00:00 | |
June 4 | Gabriel Leyva rises against the government of Díaz. He was killed 8 days later. |
November 14 | Toribio Ortega rebellion. |
November 20 | Francisco Madero asks the Mexicans to take up arms. |
1911:00:00 | |
March | uprising by Emiliano Zapata. |
But | end of the Porfirio Díaz presidency. Francisco Léon becomes president. |
November | Francisco Madero becomes president. |
1913:00:00 | |
February 18, 1913 | Francisco Madero is forced to resign by Victoriano Huerta, his Minister of War, who had rebelled against him. |
February 22, 1913 | execution of Francisco Madero. |
1914 | occupation of the port of Veracruz by the Americans. |
1914 | Eulalio Gutiérrez becomes provisional president. |
1915 | death of Porfirio Díaz in Paris. |
1916 | creation of the newspaper El Universal. |
February 5, 1917 | Promulgation of a new constitution. |
1919 | murder of Emiliano Zapata on the orders of Venustiano Carranza. |
1920:00:00 | |
June 21, 1920 | assassination of President Carranza. |
December 1, 1920 | start of the presidency of Alvaro Obregón. |
1923 | assassination of Francisco (Pancho) Villa. |
1926 | creation of the newspaper La Prensa. |
July 17, 1928 | assassination of Alvaro Obregon by José de Léon Toral, Catholic fanatic. |
March 4, 1929 | Plutarco Elías Calles founded the PNR, which would become the PRI in 1946. |
1938:00:00 | |
March 18, 1938 | nationalization of the oil companies and creation of Pemex. |
March 30, 1938 | the PNR becomes the PMR. |
1946 | the PMR becomes the PRI. |
1958 | women can now vote. |
Devaluation of the Peso at the rate of 12.5 per dollar. | |
1976 | devaluation of the peso |
1982 | devaluation of the peso. |
December 18, 1986 | creation of the Rio Group. |
1992 | revaluation of the peso |
January 1, 1994 | entry into NAFTA. December |
July 2, 2000 | legislative and presidential elections. Vicente Fox Quesada, candidate of PAN (Partido Acción Nacional), is elected president. |
April 2003 | Mexico takes over the presidency of the UN Security Council. |
May 18, 2003 | summit between Mexico and the European Union in Madrid. The two parties notably expressed their support for respect for human rights and for the work of the United Nations. |
March 29, 2004 | the country signs the nuclear non-proliferation treaty and thus commits to authorizing surprise inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Mexico becomes the 81st country to join this pact. |
July 2, 2006 | legislative and presidential elections. PAN candidate Felipe Calderón Hinojosa is elected president with 36.89% of the vote. |
July 1, 2012 | Enrique Peña Nieto, of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, is elected president with 38.15% of the vote. |