Language/Turkish/Culture/Turkey-Timeline

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Main Historical Dates - Turkey

Turkey is a transcontinental country located in Southeast Europe and Southwest Asia, with a rich history spanning thousands of years. Here are the top 30 historical dates in the country's history:

Date	Event
c. 10,000 BCE	The first human settlements are established in what is now Turkey
1200 BCE	The Trojan War takes place, according to legend
550 BCE	The Achaemenid Empire of Persia conquers Anatolia, leading to the spread of Persian culture and religion in the region
334 BCE	Alexander the Great of Macedon conquers Anatolia, bringing Greek culture and language to the region
395 CE	The Roman Empire divides into two parts, with the eastern part centered in Constantinople (now Istanbul) and becoming known as the Byzantine Empire
1071	The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert, leading to the gradual Turkification of Anatolia and the establishment of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
1453	The Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople, bringing an end to the Byzantine Empire and establishing the Ottoman Empire
1517	The Ottoman Empire expands to include Egypt, Syria, and the Hejaz, bringing the empire to the height of its power and influence
1915-1916	The Armenian Genocide takes place in the Ottoman Empire, with an estimated 1.5 million Armenians killed or displaced
1919-1922	The Turkish War of Independence takes place, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, resulting in the establishment of the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923
1924	The Caliphate is abolished in Turkey, marking the end of the Ottoman Empire and the beginning of a secular, democratic government
1934	Women are granted the right to vote and run for political office in Turkey, making it one of the first countries in the world to grant full suffrage to women
1952	Turkey joins NATO, becoming a key member of the Western military alliance and helping to promote regional security and stability
1960	The Turkish Armed Forces overthrow the democratically elected government of Adnan Menderes, leading to a period of political instability and military rule that lasts for more than a decade
1974	Turkey invades Cyprus, leading to the partition of the island and the establishment of the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
1980	The Turkish Armed Forces overthrow the government of Suleyman Demirel, leading to a period of military rule that lasts for three years
1999	A major earthquake strikes Turkey, with an estimated 17,000 people killed and hundreds of thousands left homeless
2002	The Justice and Development Party (AKP) wins a landslide victory in parliamentary elections, with Recep Tayyip Erdogan becoming prime minister and ushering in a period of political and economic stability
2004	Turkey begins negotiations to join the European Union, leading to a period of reforms and modernization aimed at meeting the EU's membership criteria
2007	The Turkish presidential election leads to political controversy and protests, with the AKP's candidate Abdullah Gul eventually being elected president after a
2007	The Turkish presidential election leads to political controversy and protests, with the AKP's candidate Abdullah Gul eventually being elected president after a constitutional crisis is resolved
2013	Protests erupt across Turkey over plans to demolish Gezi Park in Istanbul, leading to wider demonstrations against the government and accusations of police brutality and human rights abuses
2014	Recep Tayyip Erdogan is elected president of Turkey, with the AKP winning a majority in parliamentary elections and consolidating its hold on power
2015	A series of terrorist attacks takes place in Turkey, including bombings in Ankara and Istanbul that kill dozens of people and lead to increased security measures and tensions with neighboring countries
2016	A failed coup attempt takes place in Turkey, leading to a crackdown on dissent and opposition and a state of emergency that lasts for more than two years
2017	Turkey holds a constitutional referendum that expands the powers of the presidency and consolidates the AKP's hold on political power
2018	Turkey launches a military operation in northern Syria against Kurdish militants, leading to increased tensions with the United States and other Western allies
2019	Turkey faces economic challenges, with a currency crisis and high inflation leading to calls for structural reforms and greater fiscal discipline
2020	The COVID-19 pandemic poses major challenges for Turkey's health care system and economy, with the government implementing a range of measures to support public health and mitigate the impact of the virus
2021	Turkey marks the 100th anniversary of the Treaty of Lausanne, which established the modern borders of the country and ended the Ottoman Empire
2022	Turkey faces ongoing challenges, including political polarization, economic instability, and security threats from terrorism and regional conflicts