Language/Zulu/Culture/South-Africa-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for South Africa - A chronology of key events
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South-Africa-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg


South Africa Timeline[edit | edit source]

Date Event
3.3 million years BC. AD Little Foot Australopithecus lives in the Magaliesberg region.
100,000 BC AD Presence of Homo sapiens.
1st century BC. BC Presence of Bushmen, pottery making near Cape Town.
1300 Installation of the Nguni in Natal.
1488 Bartolomeu Dias discovers the Cape of Good Hope.
1497 Vasco da Gama in his turn doubles the Cape of Good Hope.
1593 Nguni herders settle in Transkei.
1652 Jan Van Riebeeck sets up a counter in Cape Town for the V.O.C.
1658 Arrival of the first slaves from Java, Madagascar and the Gulf of Guinea.
1680 Foundation of Stellenbosch, Paarl.
1688-1700 Some 225 French Huguenots settle around Cape Town.
1775 Series of nine "border" wars against the Xhosa and the Boers.
1795 The British occupy the province of Cape Town.
1803 The Dutch retake Cape Town.
1807 The slave trade is prohibited in the British Empire.
1806 - 1815 The English settle permanently in Cape Town.
1818 Zulu leader Shaka sows terror.
1820 Arrival of 5,000 British colonists in Algoa Bay.
1833 Abolition of slavery throughout the Empire.
1835 Beginning of the Great Trek, the Boers march towards the Transvaal and Natal.
1838 Battle of the Blood River where the Boers defeat the Zulus.
1843 The English annex Natal.
1852 and 1854 London recognizes the independence of the two Boer entities, the South African Republic of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.
1860 Arrival in Natal of the first Indians employed in the cultivation of sugar cane.
1867 Discovery of the first diamond in Hopetown.
1877- 1979 Annexation of the Transvaal by Great Britain.
1886 Beginning of the gold rush. Johannesburg Foundation.
1890 Rhodes becomes Prime Minister of Cape Town.
1893 Gandhi arrives in South Africa; he founded the Indian Congress.
1899-1902 Boer War. Victory of the English.
1910 Creation of the Union of South Africa.
1912 Launch of the South African Native National Congress.
1914 Hertzog founds the National Party. The Union goes to war alongside the Allies.
1923 Creation of the African National Congress (ANC).
1936 Blacks lose the right to vote in Cape Town.
1939 The Union goes to war against the Axis.
1948 The National Party comes to power. Separate development laws are going to be passed.
1949 The Youth League, with Mandela, takes control of the ANC.
1951 Introduction of "passes" for blacks.
1955 The South African People's Congress adopts the Freedom Charter.
1958 Verwoerd, the architect of apartheid, is Prime Minister.
1959 Creation of the Bantustans and foundation of the Pan-African Congress.
1960 Sharpeville Massacre. The ANC is banned. Its president Albert Luthuli receives the Nobel Peace Prize.
1961 The Union of South Africa becomes the independent Republic of South Africa. Nelson Mandela goes into hiding. The ANC creates its armed branch.
1962 International tour of Mandela, arrested on his return.
1963-1964 At the "Rivonia trial", Mandela and the ANC leaders are sentenced to life imprisonment.
1971 Appearance of the Black Consciousness movement with Steve Biko.
1976 Riots by Soweto schoolchildren against Afrikaans. More than 500 dead and thousands of arrests.
1984 Anglican Bishop Desmond Tutu wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
1985 Inkatha and the ANC go to war in the townships. Emergency state.
1986 Abolition of "passes" and authorization of mixed marriages.
1989 Frederik de Klerk becomes president.
1990 De Klerk frees Mandela after twenty-seven years in prison, abolishes the state of emergency, legalizes the ANC and repeals the laws on segregation in public places. The South Africans withdraw from South West Africa, which becomes independent Namibia.
1991-1993 Abolition of the major apartheid laws. The Interim Constitution for a Non-Racial Society is adopted.
1994 Mandela and de Klerk receive the Nobel Peace Prize. The ANC wins the first multiracial elections, installation of the coalition government.
1995 First democratic local elections. The ANC wins with more than 60% of the vote.
1996 Adoption of the final Constitution.
1998 Desmund Tutu gives President Mandela the five-volume report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
1999 Second general elections in South Africa. Victory of the ANC. On June 14, Thabo Mbeki, the dolphin, is elected president for five years.
2004 Comfortably re-elected, Mbeki begins a second five-year term.
2005 Mbeki dismisses Vice-President Jacob Zuma, hero of the anti-apartheid struggle, implicated in a corruption case.
2007 Jacob Zuma is brought to the head of the ANC despite his legal setbacks.
2008 The Director General of Police is suspended for corruption.
2008 Resignation of Mbeki disowned by his party. Kgalema Motlanthe is appointed interim president.
2009 The ANC wins the elections, Zuma is elected President of the Republic.
2010 Organization of the Football World Cup. A first on the African continent.
May 2012 Re-election of Jacob Zuma at the head of the African National Congress, which confirms his leadership position, despite the corruption scandals and manners that mar his reputation.
August 2012 Marikana Massacre: 34 striking minors are killed by the police without warning. Emotion all over the country.
December 2013 Death of Nelson Mandela, the whole country is bereaved by the loss of its icon.
May 2014 Presidential elections, against a backdrop of social tensions and violent demonstrations. Jacob Zuma is reappointed.
April 2016 Nkandla case. The Constitutional Court orders President Zuma to repay part of the public funds used to renovate his private residence. He accepts but refuses to resign, demanded by the opposition.
August 2016 The municipal elections confirm the decline of the ANC. Large cities like Johannesburg, Pretoria or Port-Elizabeth are won by the opposition Democratic Alliance.
October 2016 The economic partnership agreement with the European Union enters into provisional application. It should help strengthen trade relations between the EU and South Africa.
December 2017 Jacob Zuma leaves the ANC presidency.
January 2018 South Africa assumes the presidency of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) for the year 2018.
February 2018 Zuma resigns from his post as President of the Republic. Vice-President Cyril Ramaphosa is elected by Parliament.
May 2019 Next elections.

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