Language/North-azerbaijani/Culture/Azerbaijan-Timeline

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History of Azerbaijan
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Throughout its history, Azerbaijan has been the object of the envy of its Persian, Ottoman and Russian neighbors, to which have been added a few Roman and Mongol invasions. The local population still bears the marks of this turbulent history, since the Azeris are a mixture of local ethnic groups with still somewhat mysterious origins, Turks, Persians and, more recently, Russians. The definition of an Azeri identity was therefore one of the imperatives of building a modern state after independence in 1991. A task made difficult by the absence of local state history (with the exception of a very short period in 1918), but also by the social, political and economic influences suffered even today by Azerbaijan, located at the geopolitical crossroads of the Turkish, Iranian and Russian worlds.

The current borders of Azerbaijan are only very recent, and moreover do not correspond to the Azeri ethnic distribution: the Azeris are indeed more numerous outside the borders of the country, and in particular in the north of Iran, than in Azerbaijan. Likewise, some of the most important historic Azeri cities today are located outside national borders (Tabriz, for example, is in Iran). To facilitate the understanding of the turbulent history of the country, the term Azerbaijan will be used to designate the entire Azeri population area (therefore including part of Iran) before 1828, date of the official partition. After this date, the term Azerbaijan only refers to the country within its current borders. Likewise, the inhabitants of the Republic of Azerbaijan call themselves "Azerbaijani", in reference to the state, and not "Azeris" in reference to ethnicity. Nevertheless, in order to preserve the readability of the guide, the term "Azerbaijani" will be preferred to that of Azerbaijani, insofar as we are more interested in the cultural characteristics than in the state affiliation of the inhabitants of the area.

Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: Complete 0 to A1 North Azerbaijani Course, North Azerbaijani Culture – Traditions and Celebrations, Important holidays and celebrations & Famous landmarks in North Azerbaijan.

Timeline[edit | edit source]

  • 9th century BC. AD: settlement of the area by the Scythians.
  • From the 8th to the 6th century BC. J.-C: domination of the Assyrian Empire.
  • From the 6th to the 4th century BC. J.-C: conquest of the region by the Achaménides.
  • 330 BC AD: arrival of the troops of Alexander the Great.
  • 1st century BC. AD: attacks by the Roman army and establishment of the Arshakid dynasty. Development of the Albanian kingdom.
  • 6th century AD: beginning of the Arab invasions.
  • 705: Azerbaijan officially converts to Islam. Dominance of the Abbasid dynasty.
  • 11th and 12th centuries: Turkish Seljuk dynasty. Golden age of Azeri culture.
  • From the 13th to the 18th century: succession of Turkmen and Mongol invasions.
  • 1722: Russian troops of Peter the Great seize most of the country but are pushed back by the Safavid dynasty.
  • 1795: second Russian incursion.
  • 1828: the Treaty of Turkmenchay divides the country into two parts. One of them will be integrated into Iran, the second will become contemporary Azerbaijan. The latter is under Russian authority and then experiences a first oil boom.
  • January 22, 1905: Black Sunday led to the start of a civil war bloodily suppressed by Russian troops.
  • 1918: Turkish troops enter Azerbaijan, the country sets up an independent parliament.
  • September 15, 1918: Turkish and Azeri troops seize Baku.
  • October 30, 1918: the armistice entrusts Baku to the Allied troops represented by the English.
  • April 28, 1920: Russian troops retake Baku. It was the start of a 70-year period of Soviet rule.
  • 1969: Heydar Aliyev is appointed leader of the Azeri Communist Party.
  • August 1991: The Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan declares independence, which is approved by referendum by over 90% of the population four months later.
  • February 1992: start of open war against Armenia in the Nagorno-Karabakh region.
  • October 1993: Heydar Aliyev is elected president.
  • End of 1994: signing of a ceasefire with Armenia, which occupies 16% of Azerbaijani territory.
  • 2003: Ilham Aliyev succeeds his father at the head of the country. Heydar Aliyev died in December.
  • November 2005: the legislative elections confirm the domination of the presidential party, but the results are disputed and give rise to important demonstrations. The "Orange Revolution" will not lead to the overthrow of the regime.
  • 2008: between the conflict in Georgia, the tensions between the United States and Iran, and those between Russia and Ukraine, Azerbaijan struggles to find a place on the international scene. From conference to summit, the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh remains hopelessly bogged down, and relations with Armenia are still strained.
  • 2008: re-election of Ilham Aliyəv as President of the country.
  • 2009: a constitutional reform puts an end to the limitation on the number of presidential terms.
  • 2010: The legislative elections are largely won by the New Azerbaijan party of President Aliyəv.
  • May 15, 2011: Azerbaijan wins the Eurovision Song Contest.
  • October 2011: Azerbaijan announces having discovered, in partnership with GDF Suez and Total, a new and very important gas field in the Caspian Sea.
  • May 2012: After winning the Eurovision Song Contest in 2011 for its first participation, Azerbaijan hosts the 57th edition in Baku. The city is getting a makeover for the occasion: the Boulevard is developing, museums are modernized and the Eurovision Song Contest is held in the brand new Crystal Palace.
  • October 2013. President Ilham Aliyəv is re-elected with 84.6% of the votes. The president, in office since 2003, was in such a hurry to celebrate, in his own words, this "triumph of democracy" that the results of the vote were published the day before the poll ...
  • December 2014: the government increases its control over the media, and the crackdown on Radio Free Europe journalists in Baku makes the headlines.
  • June 2015: Baku hosts the first edition of the European Games. It is the second major international sporting event to be held in the Azerbaijani capital after the 2012 Women's World Cup.
  • November 2015: the legislative elections consolidate, if necessary, the power of President Ilham Aliyev.
  • 2016: Still in its thirst for recognition, Baku enters the restricted club of host cities of a Formula 1 circuit. The 6 km course goes around the Old Town and runs along the Boulevard.
  • June 2017: first edition of the Baku Grand Prix, 964th round of the Formula 1 World Championship. It is won by Daniel Ricciardo.
  • October 2015: inauguration of the BTK (Baku-Tbilissi-Kars) railway line, the first section of the ambitious project intended to link Asia and Europe by rail. Eventually, Beijing and London could be connected in 12 to 15 travel days via Turkey, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
  • November 2017: Azerbaijan loses the lawsuit it brought against Elise Lucet and Laurent Richard for their report broadcast on the program Cash investigation and in which the country was described as a "dictatorship".
  • April 2018: The presidential elections had not yet taken place when this guide was published, but we are still announcing the start of a fourth term for Ilham Aliyev, without taking too many risks ...

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