Language/Spanish/Culture/Chile-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Chile - A chronology of key events
Chile-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
  • 1492 ➡ America discovers Christopher Columbus.
  • 1493-1494 ➡ The Bull Intercaetera Divinae and the Treaty of Tordesillas divide Latin America between the Portuguese and the Spaniards.
  • 1516 ➡ Juan Diaz de Solis' first expedition to Chile.
  • 1520 ➡ Discovery of Tierra del Fuego and the Straits of All Saints by Magellan.
  • May 1535 ➡ Diego de Almagro leaves Cuzco at the head of an army to explore Chile.
  • 1540 ➡ Beginning of the Spanish conquest of Chile led by Pedro de Valdivia.
  • February 12, 1541 ➡ Foundation of Santiago de New Extremadura by Pedro de Valdivia.
  • 1542-1553 ➡ Spanish advance and foundation of many towns, including Concepción, Villarica, La Serena.
  • 1553 ➡ Capture of Tucapel by the Mapuche. Defeat and death of Valdivia.
  • 1557 ➡ Arrival of Hurtado de Mendoza who retakes Tucapel and executes the cacique Caupolican.
  • 1569 ➡ Publication of La Araucana, by Alonzo de Ercilla y Zuniga.
  • 17th century ➡ Establishment of the colony, under the supervision of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Rivalries between Spaniards, Creoles and the Church.
  • 1683 ➡ The King of Spain frees native slaves.
  • 18th century ➡ Century of peace, economic and urban development and the first administrative reforms.
  • 1756 ➡ Creation of the University of San Felipe de Santiago. Criticism and liberalism win over intellectuals.
  • 1778 ➡ Spain authorizes free trade with the New World.
  • 1788 ➡ San Felipe University opens its doors in Santiago.
  • 1791 ➡ Governor Ambrosio O'Higgins suppresses the encomienda.
  • 1805 ➡ Spain is cut off from its colonies.
  • 1806 ➡ Double defeat of the English trying to retake Buenos Aires. The Creoles are genuinely aware of the concept of their own nationality.
  • September 18, 1810 ➡ First assembly of the Chilean government (cabildo abierto). Independence day date.
  • July 1811 ➡ Meeting of the first national congress.
  • 1814 ➡ Defeats of the Chilean troops in Rancagua against the viceroy. Flight of O'Higgins to Argentina and alliance with San Martín.
  • February 12, 1818 ➡ Independence of Chile.
  • April 5, 1818 ➡ Decisive victory of Maipú of the liberals against the royalists.
  • 1823 ➡ First Constitution of the country. General Feire replaces Bernardo O'Higgins, Supreme Leader of Chile since 1817.
  • 1833 ➡ New Chilean Constitution under the aegis of Diego Portales, who came to power in 1830.
  • 1837 ➡ Victory for Bulnes at Yungay against the Peru-Bolivia confederation.
  • 1842 ➡ Foundation of the University of Chile.
  • 1855 ➡ Civil Code.
  • 1865 ➡ Spanish war against the Peru-Bolivia-Ecuador-Chile coalition.
  • April 5, 1879 ➡ Chile declares the "war in the Pacific".
  • May 21, 1879 ➡ Battle of Iquique.
  • January 1881 ➡ Victory for the Chilean troops who enter Lima. Annexation of Tarapaca, Arica, Tacna (Peru) and Antofagasta (Bolivia).
  • 1891 ➡ Suicide of Balmaceda (in power since 1886) and beginnings of parliamentarism.
  • 1907 ➡ Massacre of the Santa María mines in Iquique: 1,000 to 3,000 dead.
  • September 9, 1924 ➡ The army intervenes to force Congress to pass social laws long demanded by the government.
  • August 30, 1925 ➡ "Presidential" constitution headed by Arturo Alessandri.
  • November 15, 1945 ➡ Gabriela Mistral is the first Latin American author to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature.
  • 1947 ➡ Chile's accession to the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance.
  • 1962 ➡ Football World Cup in Chile. Chile ranks third.
  • 1965 ➡ Creation of the MIR (Revolutionary Left Movement).
  • 1967 ➡ Agrarian reform law. The formation of agricultural unions is permitted.
  • September 4, 1970 ➡ Election of Salvador Allende, socialist.
  • 1971 ➡ Pablo Neruda receives the Nobel Prize for Literature.
  • October 1972 ➡ General strike by truck drivers (financed by the CIA) which blocks the country.
  • March 1973 ➡ Legislative elections. Progression of the left.
  • September 11, 1973 ➡ Military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet. Bombing of La Moneda Palace. Death of Allende. Seizure of power by the dictator.
  • June 20, 1974 ➡ Pinochet proclaims himself "Supreme Leader of the Nation".
  • December 17, 1974 ➡ Pinochet becomes President of the Republic.
  • 1978 ➡ Pinochet passes a law amnestying all offenses, except those of common law, committed between September 1973 and March 1978.
  • 1978-1979 ➡ Discovery of the Lonquen mass graves and the Santiago cemetery.
  • September 11, 1980 ➡ Pinochétiste constitution approved by referendum (still in force despite amendments).
  • 1982 ➡ Sudden economic crisis: the GDP falls by 14.3%. First demonstrations against the regime in July.
  • 1983 ➡ Demonstrations against the junta government.
  • November 1984 ➡ A perpetual treaty of peace and friendship is signed with Argentina at the Vatican, under the aegis of John Paul II, recognizing the definitive southern borders between the two countries.
  • April 1, 1987 ➡ The Pope plays a bad joke on the general by visiting him.
  • October 1988 ➡ Triomphe of "No! Ya basta" during the plebiscite of Pinochet who tries to extend his power until 1997 (54% of no).
  • July 30, 1989 ➡ The reform of the Constitution is approved by 87.5% of the voters (the PC is legalized, the number of appointed parliamentarians decreases ...).
  • December 14, 1989 ➡ First democratic elections in 19 years. Victory for the Concertación candidate, Patricio Aylwin. Pinochet is still Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces (until 1998).
  • March 16, 1990 ➡ Parliament resumes its sessions after 16 years of silence.
  • April 24, 1990 ➡ Creation of the "Truth and Reconciliation" Commission. It will list 3,500 dead and 967 missing between 1973 and 1990 (report of March 4, 1991). Pinochet refutes everything altogether.
  • March 10, 1998 ➡ Pinochet was replaced at the head of the army by Izzurieta and became a senator for life the next day.
  • October 16, 1998 ➡ Pinochet is arrested in a London clinic. English courts do not recognize his impunity.
  • December 1998 ➡ Charging of General Pinochet for crimes against humanity at the request of the Spanish judge Baltazar Garzon. The people who lodged a complaint for the constitution of the case are plaintiffs, including the French and Spanish governments.
  • January 16, 2000 ➡ Election in the second round of Ricardo Lagos (socialist), with 51.31% of the votes.
  • March 2000 ➡ Release of Augusto Pinochet for medical reasons. Return of the dictator to Chile.
  • March 2000 ➡ Augusto Pinochet's parliamentary immunity lifted by the Supreme Court. He will never be tried, officially for "health reasons".
  • January 29, 2001 ➡ Home arrest of Augusto Pinochet by judge Juan Guzmán Tapia.
  • 2004 ➡ Divorce is finally authorized by the Civil Code (which dated from 1880), despite the hostility of the Church.
  • 2005 ➡ Pinochet tax evasion scandal with Riggs bank in the United States (approximately $ 8 million).
  • 2005 ➡ Reform of the Constitution: “designated” senators or “life” senators disappear.
  • November 24, 2005 ➡ Pinochet is charged with six disappearances within the framework of Operation Colombo (disappearance of 119 opponents in 1975).
  • January 15, 2006 ➡ Michelle Bachelet wins the second round of the presidential election (start of her presidency on March 11).
  • May 26, 2006 ➡ The biggest student mobilization for 30 years, the famous "Pingüinos revolution" (nickname given to college students).
  • December 10, 2006 ➡ Augusto Pinochet dies in the military hospital of Santiago, following a myocardial infarction. National mourning is not decreed, "for the good of Chile" in the words of President Bachelet. No homage of former head of state is paid to him (only the honors of former commander-in-chief of the armed forces).
  • March 16, 2007 ➡ Law creating the 14th Chilean Lake District, of which Valdivia becomes the capital (entered into force on October 2, 2007)
  • March 23, 2007 ➡ Law creating the 15th Chilean region of Arica-Parinacota. Arica becomes its capital (entered into force on October 9, 2007).
  • May 2, 2008 ➡ Eruption of the Chaitén volcano, one of the largest in the world in recent years.
  • December 2009 and January 2010 ➡ Presidential election, won by Alianza candidate Sebastian Piñera, putting an end to 20 years of leftist government.
  • February 27, 2010 ➡ Terrible earthquake of 8.8 on the Richter scale which devastates (with its posterior tsunami) the central-south of Chile.
  • March 2010 ➡ Piñera officially becomes President of the Republic.
  • August 5 - October 13, 2010 ➡ Epic of the 33 miners stranded in the San José mine, near Copiapó in the Atacama region.
  • May 9, 2011 ➡ Approval by a Commission of the HydroAysén hydroelectric project, leading to massive demonstrations across the country.
  • July-August 2011 ➡ Major student demonstrations across the country to demand better and free public education.
  • 2012 ➡ General census of the Chilean population.
  • October 28, 2012 ➡ Municipal elections: half-victory for the Concertación (but very low participation, around 60%), which obtained 43% of the votes (ie 5% more than in 2008). Santiago, Providencia, Concepción and Punta Arenas, in particular, have passed to the left.
  • March 1, 2013 ➡ No smoking in restaurants, bars and nightclubs (except on the terrace for restaurants).
  • March 11, 2014 ➡ Michelle Bachelet begins her second term as President of the Republic.
  • January 2015 ➡ The country legalizes civil unions for heterosexual and homosexual couples.
  • July 2015 ➡ Home to the football Copa America for the seventh time in its history, Chile won the cup and left the country in turmoil.
  • September 17, 2015 ➡ An earthquake measuring 8.3 on the Richter scale hits central northern Chile, 177 km north of Valparaiso, killing 13 people.
  • August 21, 2016 ➡ The Chilean Constitutional Court approves the law on the decriminalization of abortions is lying.

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