Language/Libyan-arabic/Culture/Libya-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Libya - A chronology of key events
Libya-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Libya-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg

Libya Timeline[edit | edit source]

Greek and Punic Libya[edit | edit source]

9th century BC. AD establishment of seasonal Phoenician merchant stops on the Tripolitan coast.
5th century BC. The commercial stops of the Phoenician merchants, Uiat (future Oea then Tripoli), Lebda (future Leptis Magna) and Sabratha become important Punic or emporia counters under the domination of Carthage.
631 BC AD foundation of Cyrene by the Greeks.

Roman and Byzantine Libya[edit | edit source]

106 BC AD the Romans gain a foothold in Tripolitania.
96 BC AD Cyrenaica of the Lagid kings (Egyptians) is ceded to the Romans.
74 BC AD Cyrenaica becomes a province of the Roman Empire.
27 BC AD the Tripolitan emporia are integrated into the Roman province of Africa Nova.
20 BC AD Emperor Augustus attaches the province of Cyrenaica to Crete.
19 BC AD Roman expedition led by Cornelius Balbus in Fezzan to rally the tribe of Garamantes.
1st century AD AD Leptis Magna, Sabratha and Oea obtain the status of Roman colonies.
115-117 the great Jewish riot from Egypt to Mesopotamia spreads in Cyrenaica; Cyrene is devastated.
300 administrative reorganization of the Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian. Cyrenaica is divided into two provinces attached to the Eastern Empire.
455 invasion of the Vandals.
535 the Byzantine general Bélisaire drives out the Vandals.

Arab conquest[edit | edit source]

642-643 Arab conquest of Libya led by Amr ibn al-Ass.
7th-8th century domination of the Aghlabid emirs in Tripolitania.
910-911 Tripolitania under the control of the Fatimid dynasty.
11th century the Arab tribes of Banou Hilal and Banou Souleïm settle in Libya.
1146 invasion of Tripoli by the Normans of Sicily.
12th century Tripoli becomes one of the main bases for piracy in the Mediterranean.
13th century conquest of Libya by the Hafsid dynasty.
1510 the Spaniards seize Tripoli.

Ottoman Libya[edit | edit source]

1551 Tripolitania is incorporated as a province in the Ottoman Empire.
1639 the dey of Tripoli occupies Benghazi.
1711 Qaramanli dynasty installed in Tripoli. The trade in black slaves brought by caravan routes flourished.
1835 end of the Qaramanli dynasty, Tripoli is again administered by a direct representative of the Ottoman Empire.
1843 first zawiya of the brotherhood of Sanoussiya in Al-Bayda in Cyrenaica.

Italian colonization[edit | edit source]

1911-1912 Italo-Turkish war, start of Italian colonization.
1912-1932 Italo-Libyan war against a background of Italian colonization. The brotherhood of Sanoussiya becomes the spearhead of the fight against the Italians.
1931 September 16, Omar Moukhtar, member of the Sanoussiya and hero of the fight against the Italians, is hanged in Solouk.
1931-1932 the "pacification" of the country by the Italians is completed with the rout of the Sanoussiya fighters.

World War II and Independence[edit | edit source]

1942 from June 2 to 10, siege of Bir Hakeim, fierce resistance of the Free French Forces against the German offensive. On October 23, the Battle of El-Alamein (Egypt) begins.
1943 defeat of the Axis forces, Libya under the mandate of France (in Fezzan) and England (in Tripolitania and Cyrenaica).
1947 Italy officially renounces all its claims on Libya and more generally all its possessions in Africa.
1949 March 1, declaration of independence of Cyrenaica by Emir Idriss el-Sénoussi, grandson of the founder of the religious brotherhood of Sanoussiya. On November 21, a United Nations resolution adopted the principle of Libya's independence.

The royalty[edit | edit source]

October 7, 1951 adoption of the Constitution of the United Kingdom of Libya, federal in nature.
December 24, 1951 proclamation of independence of Libya by Emir Idriss, who became King Idriss I.
December 7, 1953 Great Britain is authorized to keep its military bases in Libya.
1959 discovery of the first large oil field.
April 15, 1963 replacement of the federal regime by a unitary state.
May 27, 1963 the king banned political parties.
1964 voting rights granted to women. Student strikes inspired by Nasserism are repressed.
1965 the city of Al-Bayda in Cyrenaica becomes the capital of the Kingdom.
June 5, 1967 Six-Day War. Large anti-Zionist, anti-Western and anti-Jewish demonstrations in Libya.

Gaddafi's Libya[edit | edit source]

September 1, 1969 overthrow of the monarchy of King Idriss I by a coup d'état carried out on the night of August 31 by a group of Libyan officers, the Free Unionist Officers. Constituted as a Revolutionary Command Council headed by Colonel Moammar Kadhafi, they proclaimed
March 28, 1970 evacuation of the last British military forces.
June 11, 1970 evacuation of the last American military forces.
June 12, 1971 creation of the Arab Socialist Union party (USA).
May 30, 1972 USA proclaimed single party.
April 15, 1973 speech by Zouara - Gaddafi announces the start of the People's Revolution. Through popular committees, the people are invited to storm all levels of the administrative apparatus and to arm themselves (slogan of "people in arms").
1975 the USA is abolished, political parties are banned in accordance with the Green Book, the three volumes of which written by Gaddafi appeared between 1975 and 1979.
1977 March 2, the General People's Congress proclaims the "establishment of people's power". Birth of the Jamahiriya (State of the masses). November 2, creation of revolutionary committees.
1986 American raid on Benghazi and Tripoli (April 15) and United States embargo on Libya.
1987 faced with the current economic crisis, a policy of economic openness (infitah) is decreed which results in the disengagement of the State in several sectors.
1988 December 21, the Pan Am Boeing bombing over Lokerbie kills 270.
1989 September 19, the attack on a UTA DC-10 in Niger kills 170.
1992 March 31, UN embargo through the adoption of Security Council resolution 748.
1999 September 9, birth of the African Union project in Sirte. In April, suspension of the UN embargo on Libya.
2001 in January, trial of two Libyans suspected in the Lokerbie attack at the Hague court.
2003 in September, lifting of the UN embargo. In December, Tripoli renounced its weapons of mass destruction program.
2004 April 23, lifting of the American embargo on Libya.
2006 on May 15, US Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice announces the upcoming opening of an American embassy in Tripoli.
2007 release of the five Bulgarian nurses and the Palestinian doctor after eight years of detention in Libya.

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