Language/Romanian/Culture/Romania-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Romania - A chronology of key events
Romania-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Romania-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg


Romania Timeline[edit | edit source]

Date Event
From 4500 to 3500 BC. AD Neolithic peoples. In particular Hamangia culture (of which we discovered the superb sculpture of the Thinker).
3000 BC AD Settlement in the region of Indo-European tribes and Thrace.
7th century BC. AD Appearance of the Daco-Getae, ancestors of the Romanian people. Installation of Greek counters (the remains of which are still visible today) on the Black Sea coast.
From 70 to 44 BC. AD Reign of King Burebista.

1st century AD J.-C.[edit | edit source]

Year 9 apr. The Roman emperor Augustus banishes the poet Ovid from the Greek city of Tomis.
Year 46 The coastal region falls under Roman control.
From 87 to 106 Reign of Decebal, marked by the conflicts against the Roman forces. These invaded the region in 105-106, under the leadership of the emperor Trajan.
3rd century
Year 271 Dacia, until then a Roman province, passed into the hands of the Goths after the capitulation of the emperor Aurélien.

4th century[edit | edit source]

Adoption of Christianity by the Latin speaking peoples of the region; emergence of the first political forms of voivodates, knézats and duchies in the Carpathians and along the Danube.

10th - 13th century[edit | edit source]

Transylvania becomes an autonomous voivodate within the Hungarian Empire.

12th century[edit | edit source]

Colonization of the Saxons and establishment of the Szeklers in Transylvania.

14th century[edit | edit source]

After his victory at Posada over King Charles Robert of Anjou, sovereign of Hungary, Basarab I reunited the provinces located between the Carpathians and the Black Sea, thus creating Wallachia.
1359 Bogdan I creates Moldavia.

14th century[edit | edit source]

The voivodates of Transylvania and Wallachia pledge their allegiance to Hungary. Moldova chooses Poland.
1394 Victory of Mircea Cel Bătrân (Mircea the Elder) over the Turks.

15th century[edit | edit source]

Deterioration of relations between Wallachia and Turkey under the reign of Vlad III, better known as "the Impaler" (Vlad ţepeş).
1415 Mircea Cel Bãtrân, voivode of Wallachia, is forced to recognize Ottoman sovereignty.

16th century[edit | edit source]

1526 Defeat of the Hungarians by the Turks.
1541 Transylvania becomes an autonomous principality under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
1552 The Turks extend their control to the regions of Banat and Crişana.
1599 After several victories over Turkish troops, Mihai Viteazu (Michael the Brave) is crowned Prince of Transylvania.

17th century[edit | edit source]

1600 Viteazu (Michael the Brave) brings together the 3 principalities: Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia.
1601 The Habsburgs retake Transylvania from Viteazu; the latter is assassinated.
1688 The Diet of Transylvania accepts the domination of the Habsburgs.
1699 Transylvania officially comes under the domination of the Habsburgs.

18th century[edit | edit source]

1746-1749 Abolition of serfdom in Wallachia then in Moldavia.
1772 The Wallachian and Moldovan authorities propose the union of their provinces.
1775 Moldavia suffers from numerous territorial losses after the annexation of Bucovina by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
1784-1785 Uprising of the Romanians of Transylvania led by Horea, Cloşca and Crişan.

19th century[edit | edit source]

1812 Annexation by the Tsar of Russia of Bessarabia (part of Moldavia between the Prut and the Dniestr).
1821-1829 The provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia escape Ottoman authority.
1848 Year of the Romanian and Hungarian revolutions (rejection of empires).
1848 Russian and Ottoman troops enter the principalities.
1849 Russians and Ottomans restore order and control local politics.
1856 End of the Crimean War. The Treaty of Paris puts an end to the Russian and Ottoman protectorates.
1859 Unification of Wallachia and Moldavia; Romanian independence is effective.
1859-1866 Alexandru Ioan Cuza becomes head of state, Bucharest is the official capital. Cuza and Kogălniceanu distribute the land to the peasants.
July 13, 1866 Adoption of the Constitution and the tricolor.
May 9, 1877 Romania proclaimed its independence.
1877-1878 The Danube Delta and the Dobrogea are part of Romania.
1880 Romanian independence is officially recognized by Great Britain, France and Germany.
May 1881 Carol I of Prussia is crowned king.

20th century[edit | edit source]

1907 Important peasant revolt in Moldavia and Wallachia. Violent repression.
1914 Death of Carol I; his nephew Ferdinand ascends the throne. Romania declares its neutrality in the world conflict.
August 27, 1916 Romania, until then neutral, declares war on Hungary and invades Transylvania.
December 1, 1918 Greater Romania (union between Transylvania and the former Kingdom of Romania) is proclaimed in Alba Iulia. It became the national holiday or "Union day".
December 24, 1918 Transylvania is attached to Romania; at the end of the war, Bukovina, part of Banat and Bessarabia were allocated to Romania.
1922 King Ferdinand and his wife Marie are crowned monarchs of the new Romania.
1924 The Romanian Communist Party is banned.
1930 Carol II becomes king.
1933 Assassination of Prime Minister Duca, which paves the way for a policy of terror led by Codreanu.
February 10, 1938 In response to Codreanu's fascist movement, Carol II established a royal dictatorship; all political parties are banned.
June 1940 Romania cedes Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the USSR, in accordance with the terms of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact (German-Soviet pact).
August 1940 Romania cedes northern Transylvania to Hungary.
June 1941 At the instigation of Antonescu, formation of an alliance with the Nazis; Romania recovers Bessarabia; hundreds of thousands of Romanian Jews are deported.
August 23, 1944 Fall of Antonescu; Romania passes over to the Allies and regains control of Northern Transylvania.

Bessarabia and Bukovina remain Soviet.

1946 Crushing victory for the BPD (Bloc of democratic parties dominated by the communists) in the parliamentary elections.
1947 The Treaty of Paris recognizes the territorial supremacy of the USSR over Bukovina and Bessarabia; King Michael abdicates and is exiled, the monarchy collapses, the People's Republic is proclaimed.
1948 The Communists and the Social Democrats unite to form the Workers' Party, renamed the Romanian Communist Party in 1965; creation of the secret security police (Securitate).
1949 Beginning of the collectivization of land.
March 19, 1965 Death of Gheorghiu-Dej, Stalinist first secretary of the workers' party; Nicolae Ceauşescu succeeds him.
1967-1975 Romania is the only country of the Eastern bloc to remain neutral during the Israeli-Arab conflict and the only country of the Warsaw Pact not to intervene in Czechoslovakia; Western European countries salute Ceauşescu for its independence from Moscow. Western leaders are flocking to Bucharest to support Ceauşescu.
1974 The self-proclaimed "President of Romania" is described as "the genius of the Carpathians".
March 4, 1977 An earthquake measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale kills 1,570 people in the Bucharest region.
1980-1989 The government impoverishes the population in order to pay off its foreign debt of 10 billion dollars; sugar, coffee and rice are disappearing from stores, bread and gasoline are rationed, television censored.
1982-1983 The purchasing power of Romanians drops by 40%.
June 25, 1984 The historic center of Bucharest is razed and many of its historic monuments are destroyed.
November 15, 1987 Three people die in riots in Braşov which pitted armed forces against starving workers. The latter launch slogans in favor of Gorbachev's perestroika.
1988 13,000 villages are razed, their inhabitants being resettled in "urban agro-industrial complexes"; the international community protests, Ceauşescu is forced to give up his project.
1989 The debt is finally repaid. Romania is condemned by the UN Commission on Human Rights.
December 1989 First anti-Ceauşescu demonstrations in Timişoara. The revolt wins the whole country and becomes revolution.

After a final speech, the Ceauşescu couple is scolded and fled. Caught up, both are tried by a military tribunal and shot. Petre Roman is elected Prime Minister; many Communist dignitaries retain their posts.

1990 Iliescu is elected president; numerous anti-government demonstrations led by minors, relayed by students, are violently repressed.
April 25, 1992 King Michael I returns to Romania.
September 27, 1992 Iliescu's party wins parliamentary elections.
September 28, 1993 Admission of Romania to the Council of Europe.
June 26, 1994 Partnership with NATO for the peace program.
February 1, 1995 The European Union grants Romania the status of associate member.
1996 The centrist opposition obtains a majority in the November parliamentary elections; Christian Democrat and pro-reformist Emil Constantinescu is elected president;

Victor Ciorbea, appointed as Prime Minister, forms a coalition government including for the first time the Hungarian Democratic Federation.

March 30, 1998 An interminable internal conflict forces Ciorbea to withdraw; Radu Vasile, from the Peasant Party, forms a new government.

21st century[edit | edit source]

2000 Ion Iliescu (Social Democratic Party) is elected president. He appoints Adrian Nastase as Prime Minister.
December 2004 Traian Băsescu (right-wing opposition) is elected president.
January 1, 2007 Integration of Romania into the European Union.
April 19, 2007 Suspension of Traian Băsescu by the vote of the Parliament. Nicolae Vacaroiu (President of the Senate) remained interim president for 30 days.
May 19, 2007 The Romanians overwhelmingly rejected the attempt to impeach Traian Băsescu by referendum.
December 6, 2009 Traian Băsescu from the Democratic Liberal Party (right) is re-elected president.
February 2012 Resignation of the government Emil Boc.
2014 Election of Klaus Iohannis, from the Saxon minority in Transylvania, as President of the Republic.
October 30, 2015 Fire in the Colectiv nightclub in Bucharest leaving 63 dead and 150 wounded and leading to major anti-corruption demonstrations leading to the departure of Prime Minister Victor Ponta and the appointment of a government of national unity from civil society .
December 11, 2016 The PSD returns to power (party opposing the president) and obtains the majority of both chambers in Parliament. A new government is put in place, the Grindeanu government.
January 4, 2017 The Grindeanu government creates controversy with its justice reform resulting in the resignation of the Minister of Justice.
June 21, 2017 The Grindeanu government is overthrown.
June 29, 2017 A new government is invested under the leadership of Mihai Tudose.
January 29, 2018 Following the resignation of Mihai Tudose, and after a short interim period provided by Mihai Fifor, Viorica Dăncilă succeeds her, becoming the first woman to head the Romanian government.

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