Language/Romanian/Culture/Romania-Timeline
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Historical Timeline for Romania - A chronology of key events
Romania Timeline[edit | edit source]
Date | Event |
---|---|
From 4500 to 3500 BC. AD | Neolithic peoples. In particular Hamangia culture (of which we discovered the superb sculpture of the Thinker). |
3000 BC AD | Settlement in the region of Indo-European tribes and Thrace. |
7th century BC. AD | Appearance of the Daco-Getae, ancestors of the Romanian people. Installation of Greek counters (the remains of which are still visible today) on the Black Sea coast. |
From 70 to 44 BC. AD | Reign of King Burebista. |
1st century AD J.-C.[edit | edit source] | |
Year 9 apr. | The Roman emperor Augustus banishes the poet Ovid from the Greek city of Tomis. |
Year 46 | The coastal region falls under Roman control. |
From 87 to 106 | Reign of Decebal, marked by the conflicts against the Roman forces. These invaded the region in 105-106, under the leadership of the emperor Trajan. |
3rd century | |
Year 271 | Dacia, until then a Roman province, passed into the hands of the Goths after the capitulation of the emperor Aurélien. |
4th century[edit | edit source] | |
Adoption of Christianity by the Latin speaking peoples of the region; emergence of the first political forms of voivodates, knézats and duchies in the Carpathians and along the Danube. | |
10th - 13th century[edit | edit source] | |
Transylvania becomes an autonomous voivodate within the Hungarian Empire. | |
12th century[edit | edit source] | |
Colonization of the Saxons and establishment of the Szeklers in Transylvania. | |
14th century[edit | edit source] | |
After his victory at Posada over King Charles Robert of Anjou, sovereign of Hungary, Basarab I reunited the provinces located between the Carpathians and the Black Sea, thus creating Wallachia. | |
1359 | Bogdan I creates Moldavia. |
14th century[edit | edit source] | |
The voivodates of Transylvania and Wallachia pledge their allegiance to Hungary. Moldova chooses Poland. | |
1394 | Victory of Mircea Cel Bătrân (Mircea the Elder) over the Turks. |
15th century[edit | edit source] | |
Deterioration of relations between Wallachia and Turkey under the reign of Vlad III, better known as "the Impaler" (Vlad ţepeş). | |
1415 | Mircea Cel Bãtrân, voivode of Wallachia, is forced to recognize Ottoman sovereignty. |
16th century[edit | edit source] | |
1526 | Defeat of the Hungarians by the Turks. |
1541 | Transylvania becomes an autonomous principality under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. |
1552 | The Turks extend their control to the regions of Banat and Crişana. |
1599 | After several victories over Turkish troops, Mihai Viteazu (Michael the Brave) is crowned Prince of Transylvania. |
17th century[edit | edit source] | |
1600 | Viteazu (Michael the Brave) brings together the 3 principalities: Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia. |
1601 | The Habsburgs retake Transylvania from Viteazu; the latter is assassinated. |
1688 | The Diet of Transylvania accepts the domination of the Habsburgs. |
1699 | Transylvania officially comes under the domination of the Habsburgs. |
18th century[edit | edit source] | |
1746-1749 | Abolition of serfdom in Wallachia then in Moldavia. |
1772 | The Wallachian and Moldovan authorities propose the union of their provinces. |
1775 | Moldavia suffers from numerous territorial losses after the annexation of Bucovina by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. |
1784-1785 | Uprising of the Romanians of Transylvania led by Horea, Cloşca and Crişan. |
19th century[edit | edit source] | |
1812 | Annexation by the Tsar of Russia of Bessarabia (part of Moldavia between the Prut and the Dniestr). |
1821-1829 | The provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia escape Ottoman authority. |
1848 | Year of the Romanian and Hungarian revolutions (rejection of empires). |
1848 | Russian and Ottoman troops enter the principalities. |
1849 | Russians and Ottomans restore order and control local politics. |
1856 | End of the Crimean War. The Treaty of Paris puts an end to the Russian and Ottoman protectorates. |
1859 | Unification of Wallachia and Moldavia; Romanian independence is effective. |
1859-1866 | Alexandru Ioan Cuza becomes head of state, Bucharest is the official capital. Cuza and Kogălniceanu distribute the land to the peasants. |
July 13, 1866 | Adoption of the Constitution and the tricolor. |
May 9, 1877 | Romania proclaimed its independence. |
1877-1878 | The Danube Delta and the Dobrogea are part of Romania. |
1880 | Romanian independence is officially recognized by Great Britain, France and Germany. |
May 1881 | Carol I of Prussia is crowned king. |
20th century[edit | edit source] | |
1907 | Important peasant revolt in Moldavia and Wallachia. Violent repression. |
1914 | Death of Carol I; his nephew Ferdinand ascends the throne. Romania declares its neutrality in the world conflict. |
August 27, 1916 | Romania, until then neutral, declares war on Hungary and invades Transylvania. |
December 1, 1918 | Greater Romania (union between Transylvania and the former Kingdom of Romania) is proclaimed in Alba Iulia. It became the national holiday or "Union day". |
December 24, 1918 | Transylvania is attached to Romania; at the end of the war, Bukovina, part of Banat and Bessarabia were allocated to Romania. |
1922 | King Ferdinand and his wife Marie are crowned monarchs of the new Romania. |
1924 | The Romanian Communist Party is banned. |
1930 | Carol II becomes king. |
1933 | Assassination of Prime Minister Duca, which paves the way for a policy of terror led by Codreanu. |
February 10, 1938 | In response to Codreanu's fascist movement, Carol II established a royal dictatorship; all political parties are banned. |
June 1940 | Romania cedes Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the USSR, in accordance with the terms of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact (German-Soviet pact). |
August 1940 | Romania cedes northern Transylvania to Hungary. |
June 1941 | At the instigation of Antonescu, formation of an alliance with the Nazis; Romania recovers Bessarabia; hundreds of thousands of Romanian Jews are deported. |
August 23, 1944 | Fall of Antonescu; Romania passes over to the Allies and regains control of Northern Transylvania.
Bessarabia and Bukovina remain Soviet. |
1946 | Crushing victory for the BPD (Bloc of democratic parties dominated by the communists) in the parliamentary elections. |
1947 | The Treaty of Paris recognizes the territorial supremacy of the USSR over Bukovina and Bessarabia; King Michael abdicates and is exiled, the monarchy collapses, the People's Republic is proclaimed. |
1948 | The Communists and the Social Democrats unite to form the Workers' Party, renamed the Romanian Communist Party in 1965; creation of the secret security police (Securitate). |
1949 | Beginning of the collectivization of land. |
March 19, 1965 | Death of Gheorghiu-Dej, Stalinist first secretary of the workers' party; Nicolae Ceauşescu succeeds him. |
1967-1975 | Romania is the only country of the Eastern bloc to remain neutral during the Israeli-Arab conflict and the only country of the Warsaw Pact not to intervene in Czechoslovakia; Western European countries salute Ceauşescu for its independence from Moscow. Western leaders are flocking to Bucharest to support Ceauşescu. |
1974 | The self-proclaimed "President of Romania" is described as "the genius of the Carpathians". |
March 4, 1977 | An earthquake measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale kills 1,570 people in the Bucharest region. |
1980-1989 | The government impoverishes the population in order to pay off its foreign debt of 10 billion dollars; sugar, coffee and rice are disappearing from stores, bread and gasoline are rationed, television censored. |
1982-1983 | The purchasing power of Romanians drops by 40%. |
June 25, 1984 | The historic center of Bucharest is razed and many of its historic monuments are destroyed. |
November 15, 1987 | Three people die in riots in Braşov which pitted armed forces against starving workers. The latter launch slogans in favor of Gorbachev's perestroika. |
1988 | 13,000 villages are razed, their inhabitants being resettled in "urban agro-industrial complexes"; the international community protests, Ceauşescu is forced to give up his project. |
1989 | The debt is finally repaid. Romania is condemned by the UN Commission on Human Rights. |
December 1989 | First anti-Ceauşescu demonstrations in Timişoara. The revolt wins the whole country and becomes revolution.
After a final speech, the Ceauşescu couple is scolded and fled. Caught up, both are tried by a military tribunal and shot. Petre Roman is elected Prime Minister; many Communist dignitaries retain their posts. |
1990 | Iliescu is elected president; numerous anti-government demonstrations led by minors, relayed by students, are violently repressed. |
April 25, 1992 | King Michael I returns to Romania. |
September 27, 1992 | Iliescu's party wins parliamentary elections. |
September 28, 1993 | Admission of Romania to the Council of Europe. |
June 26, 1994 | Partnership with NATO for the peace program. |
February 1, 1995 | The European Union grants Romania the status of associate member. |
1996 | The centrist opposition obtains a majority in the November parliamentary elections; Christian Democrat and pro-reformist Emil Constantinescu is elected president;
Victor Ciorbea, appointed as Prime Minister, forms a coalition government including for the first time the Hungarian Democratic Federation. |
March 30, 1998 | An interminable internal conflict forces Ciorbea to withdraw; Radu Vasile, from the Peasant Party, forms a new government. |
21st century[edit | edit source] | |
2000 | Ion Iliescu (Social Democratic Party) is elected president. He appoints Adrian Nastase as Prime Minister. |
December 2004 | Traian Băsescu (right-wing opposition) is elected president. |
January 1, 2007 | Integration of Romania into the European Union. |
April 19, 2007 | Suspension of Traian Băsescu by the vote of the Parliament. Nicolae Vacaroiu (President of the Senate) remained interim president for 30 days. |
May 19, 2007 | The Romanians overwhelmingly rejected the attempt to impeach Traian Băsescu by referendum. |
December 6, 2009 | Traian Băsescu from the Democratic Liberal Party (right) is re-elected president. |
February 2012 | Resignation of the government Emil Boc. |
2014 | Election of Klaus Iohannis, from the Saxon minority in Transylvania, as President of the Republic. |
October 30, 2015 | Fire in the Colectiv nightclub in Bucharest leaving 63 dead and 150 wounded and leading to major anti-corruption demonstrations leading to the departure of Prime Minister Victor Ponta and the appointment of a government of national unity from civil society . |
December 11, 2016 | The PSD returns to power (party opposing the president) and obtains the majority of both chambers in Parliament. A new government is put in place, the Grindeanu government. |
January 4, 2017 | The Grindeanu government creates controversy with its justice reform resulting in the resignation of the Minister of Justice. |
June 21, 2017 | The Grindeanu government is overthrown. |
June 29, 2017 | A new government is invested under the leadership of Mihai Tudose. |
January 29, 2018 | Following the resignation of Mihai Tudose, and after a short interim period provided by Mihai Fifor, Viorica Dăncilă succeeds her, becoming the first woman to head the Romanian government. |
Sources[edit | edit source]
World Timelines[edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]