Difference between revisions of "Language/Spanish/Culture/Timeline-of-Spain"
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<div style="font-size:300%"> '''HISTORY OF SPAIN'''</div> | <div style="font-size:300%"> '''HISTORY OF SPAIN'''</div> | ||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ |
Revision as of 16:16, 5 December 2021
HISTORY OF SPAIN
FIRST SETTLEMENTS | |
2000 ac | Neolithic - Megalithic cultures of Los Millares (Almerรญa) and Menorca |
2000 ac | First Iberian settlements in the south of the peninsula |
1100 ac | The Tartessos are the most advanced culture of the time |
1100 ac | The Phoenicians found Gadir |
900 ac | Indo-European Celtic peoples begin their incursion in the north of the peninsula |
700 ac | Greek colonization. The first settlements will focus on the Levantine coast (Empuries, Roses, ...) |
500 ac | The Carthaginians conquer the Mediterranean coast (Cartagena, Alicante, ...) |
SPAIN | |
218 ac | II Punic War. The peninsula becomes a battlefield between Romans and Carthaginians |
209 ac | Beginning of the great conquest of Spain by Rome |
206 ac | Hispania becomes a Roman province |
133 ac | The inhabitants of Numancia prefer to die burned by the flames of the city to surrender to Scipio Emiliano |
25 ac | Hispania is totally submitted to Rome after the Cantabrian conquest by Augustus |
62 | Apostle Paul's trip to Hispania, thus beginning the spread of Christianity in the peninsula |
98 | Beginning of the government of Trajan |
264 | Invasion of Spain by Franks and Suevi |
VISIGODES | |
410 | The entry of the Visigoths as allies of Rome against the Suevi turns into a covert conquest. |
568 | Visigothic King Leovigild expels Roman officials |
587 | Recaredo, Leovigildo's heir, converts to Catholicism and will make this religion official two years later. |
630 | Completion of the dominance of the Byzantine empire on the peninsula |
AL-ANDALUS | |
711 | Muslim troops cross the Strait of Gibraltar and defeat the Visigoth king Don Rodrigo at the Battle of Guadalete |
716 | The Visigothic kingdom is conquered with little resistance so Spain becomes Al-Andalus and becomes an emirate of the Caliphate of Damascus |
722 | The resistance begins in Covadonga and Poitiers |
756 | Abderramรกn I breaks with Damascus, giving rise to the Emirate of Cรณrdoba |
929 | Abderramรกn III creates the Caliphate of Cรณrdoba, and with it Al-Andalus will reach the maximum splendor of the Arab occupation |
1031 | Disappearance of the Caliphate of Cรณrdoba, giving rise to the Taifa Kingdoms |
1212 | The Christians achieve an important victory against the Almohads in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa |
1252 | Alfonso X makes Toledo a benchmark for medieval culture |
1462 | Catalan Civil War (1462-1472). Supporters of John II fight against the bourgeoisie |
CATHOLIC KINGS | |
1474 | Catholic Monarchs, Isabel and Fernando (1474-1516) |
1479 | Joint Kingdom of Castile and Aragon |
1479 | Treaty of Alcaรงova, Alfonso V of Portugal renounced his aspirations on Castile |
1480 | Establishment of the Court of the Inquisition |
1492 | The Catholic Monarchs complete the Reconquest with the taking of Granada (2/1/1492) |
1492 | Expulsion of the Jews |
1492 | Discovery of America (10/12/1492) |
1512 | Fernando II annexes Navarre to the Kingdom of Castile |
HABSBURG | |
1519 | Carlos I is crowned emperor of the Holy Empire, which involves Spain in endless wars |
1571 | Naval Battle of Lepanto - Don Juan of Austria, stepbrother of Felipe II, defeats the Turks |
1588 | Disaster of the Invincible Armada against England. The decline of Spain becomes more evident |
1605 | Publication of Don Quixote de la Mancha |
1648 | The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War, implies the loss of the Netherlands and the hegemony of France |
BORBON | |
1700 | With the death of Charles II, the Habsburg dynasty ends and the War of the Spanish Succession breaks out, in which France, England and Austria are involved. |
1712 | Royal Library - National |
1713 | The war ends. France imposes Felipe de Anjou (Felipe V), grandson of Louis XIV, as King of Spain. Treaty of Utrecht (Rock of Gibraltar) |
1713 | Promulgation of the Salic Law |
1724 | Louis I (he was only 9 months on the throne) |
1746 | Fernando VI (1746-59) |
1749 | Good Taste Academy |
1752 | Academy of Noble Arts of San Fernando |
1759 | Charles III (1759-88) |
1763 | Esquilache creates the National Lottery |
1765 | Peรฑaflorida: Basque Economic Society of Friends of the Country |
1765 | The representation of the autos sacramentales and the comedies of saint and magic is prohibited |
1766 | Shearing mutiny |
1767 | Expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain |
1771 | Grammar of the RAE |
1773 | Suspension of the Society of Jesus |
1779 | Siege of Gibraltar |
1783 | Abolition of the legal disgrace of work |
1788 | Carlos IV (1788-1808) |
1799 | Plan to reform the theaters in Madrid (Moratรญn, director) |
1805 | The English fleet under the command of Admiral Nelson, and the French-Spanish under the command of Admiral Villeneuve, face off at Cape Trafalgar (Cรกdiz). |
1808 | Mutiny of Aranjuez deposed Carlos IV |
1808 | Ferdinand VII declared king |
BONAPARTE | |
1808 | Napoleon gets Carlos IV and Fernando VII to abdicate in favor of Josรฉ Bonaparte |
1808 | Popular uprising in Madrid (May 2) begins the War of Independence |
1812 | The Cortes of Cรกdiz: Liberal Constitution = guaranteed individual freedoms, popular sovereignty. It is the First Spanish Constitution (it has had 7) |
BORBON | |
1814 | Return of Ferdinand VII of France: annuls the Constitution and establishes an absolutist government |
1820 | Irrigation Statement. Liberal uprising against Fernando VII |
1820 | Liberal Triennium (1820-1823) |
1823 | Banishing of intellectuals |
1823 | Closure of the universities [The Ominous Decade 1823-1833] |
1823 | French invasion to restore Fernando VII [The Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis] |
1829 | Wedding of Fernando VII with Marรญa Cristina de Borbรณn |
1830 | Fernando VII abolishes the Salic law |
1832 | Regency of Marรญa Cristina |
1833 | Ferdinand VII dies |
1833 | First Carlist War (1833-1839) [Don Carlos de Borbรณn vs. Isabel II] |
1835 | Decrees of confiscation of the assets of the Church by Mendizรกbal |
1836 | Uprising of sergeants in La Granja: restoration of the Constitution of Cรกdiz (1812) |
1837 | New Constitution |
1839 | End of the Carlist War (except Catalonia - 1840) |
1840 | Banishment of Marรญa Cristina |
1840 | Espartero Regency |
1843 | Uprising against Espartero |
1843 | Declared the age of majority of Elizabeth II |
1844 | The Civil Guard is organized |
1845 | New Constitution |
1846 | Elizabeth II marries Francisco de Asรญs |
1846 | Uprisings in Catalonia |
1848 | Revolutionary movements in Europe |
1848 | Second Carlist War (1848-1849) |
1848 | First Barcelona - Matarรณ Railway |
1849 | Gas lighting in Madrid |
1850 | Inauguration of the Royal Theater |
1851 | Compensation to the Church for confiscated assets |
1855 | The Progressive Biennium [another confiscation] |
1856 | Inauguration of the Teatro de la Zarzuela |
1856 | Narvรกez returns with a conservative government |
1856 | O'Donnell annuls the confiscation laws of 1855 |
1858 | Liberal Union, new O'Donnell government, return the confiscation laws |
1859 | Moroccan War |
1860 | Victories in Ceuta and Tetouan |
1860 | Madrid expansion |
1865 | The Night of San Daniel [student riot] |
1865 | War with Peru |
1866 | Narvรกez dictatorship |
REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD | |
1868 | Revolution against Elizabeth II [exiled to France on September 30] |
SAVOY | |
1870 | Election of Amadeus I (of Savoy) as king |
1872 | Third Carlist War (1872-1876) |
1873 | Resignation of Amadeo II |
FIRST REPUBLIC | |
1873 | Proclamation of the First Republic |
BORBON | |
1874 | Restoration of the Bourbon Monarchy with Alfonso XII [son of Elizabeth II] |
1876 | New Constitution and a "Municipal Law" |
1879 | Marriage of Alfonso XII with Marรญa Cristina of Hapsburgo-Lorena |
1880 | The peaceful turn of governments between conservatives and liberals begins |
1883 | New Press Law |
1885 | Regency of Marรญa Cristina |
1886 | Economic crisis and worker strike |
1887 | Associations Law allows the creation of labor unions |
1888 | Foundation of the General Union of Workers (UGT) and the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) |
1890 | New electoral law restores universal suffrage |
1893 | Anarchist attacks (Bomba del Liceo de Barcelona) |
1894 | Marrakesh Convention ends the War of Melilla |
1897 | Assassination of Cรกnovas by the anarchists |
1898 | War with America |
1898 | Loss of the last imperialist colonies. Paris treaty |
1902 | Coming of age of Alfonso XIII |
1902 | Altos Hornos de Vizcaya Foundation |
1904 | Sundays rest is decreed for workers |
1909 | Beginning of the Moroccan War |
1909 | General strike in Barcelona [THE TRAGIC WEEK] |
1911 | General strikes protesting the war in Morocco |
1911 | CNT [National Labor Confederation] Foundation |
1912 | Assassination of Canalejas |
1912 | End of match rotation |
1914 | World War I [neutrality of Spain] |
1917 | Revolutionary general strike in Spain |
1921 | Troops fighting in Morocco suffer from Anual disaster |
1923 | Coup d'รฉtat by Miguel Primo de Rivera |
1927 | Pacification in Morocco |
1927 | Tricentennial of Gรณngora's death produces a neo-baroque interest in poetry: The Generation of 27 |
SECOND REPUBLIC | |
1931 | April 12 the Second Republic is declared |
1931 | Burning of convents in Madrid |
1932 | Statement of General Sanjurjo |
1932 | Autonomy of Catalonia |
1932 | Catalan anarchist agitation |
1932 | The Society of Jesus is dissolved |
1933 | Foundation of the Spanish Falange by Josรฉ Antonio Primo de Rivera |
1933 | Anarchist revolution in Casas Viejas |
1934 | The CEDA [Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights] forms a government |
1934 | Merger of the Spanish Falange and the JONS [National-Syndicalist Offensive Boards] |
1934 | Revolutionary movements in Catalonia and Asturias |
1936 | Popular Front wins elections |
CIVIL WAR | |
1936 | Uprising of General Francisco Franco on July 18 - CIVIL WAR begins |
1936 | Shooting of Josรฉ Antonio Primo de Rivera [November 20]. Assassinated Lorca and Maeztu |
1936 | Entry of the International Brigades into the Civil War |
1937 | Bombardment of Guernica |
1938 | The Battle of the Ebro |
1939 | End of the Civil War on April 1 |
FASCIST DICTATORSHIP | |
1939 | Government of General Franco (1939-1975) |
1941 | Alfonso XIII dies |
1941 | Creation of the RENFE [National Network of Spanish Railways] |
1942 | Creation of the Spanish Courts |
1945 | End of World War II |
1945 | Spain rejected by the UN [United Nations Organization] |
1947 | The Succession Law confirms Spain as a monarchy, after Franco's death |
1951 | Creation of the Ministry of Information and Tourism |
1953 | Economic and military agreements with the United States |
1955 | Entry of Spain into the UN |
1955 | SEAT's first factory |
1956 | The Spanish protectorate over Morocco ends |
1958 | Spain grants Equatorial Guinea its independence |
1962 | Spain requests entry into the Common Market |
1962 | Creation of Workers Commissions |
1967 | Organic Law of the State |
1970 | Proclamation of Don Juan Carlos de Borbรณn, Prince of Asturias |
1970 | trial against Etarra militants |
1973 | Assassination of the head of government, Luis Carrero Blanco, by ETA |
1975 | DEATH OF FRANCISCO FRANCO |
RESTORATION OF DEMOCRACY | |
1975 | JUAN CARLOS I, KING OF SPAIN |
1975 | Adolfo Suรกrez appointed president of the government by the king |
1975 | Amnesty for political prisoners granted by the king |
1975 | Declared as official languages โโCatalan, Basque and Galician |
1977 | Legalization of political parties, including the PCE [Spanish Communist Party] |
1977 | Trade union legalization |
1977 | General elections: Adolfo Suรกrez, leader of the UCD [Union of the Democratic Center] wins |
1978 | NEW CONSTITUTION |
nineteen eighty one | Suรกrez resigns and Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo succeeds him as president of the government |
nineteen eighty one | Coup attempt by members of the Civil Guard commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero [February 23] |
nineteen eighty one | The coup is rejected by Juan Carlos I, and millions of people demonstrate in the streets supporting democracy |
nineteen eighty one | The Divorce Law is approved |
1982 | The PSOE [SPANISH OBERO SOCIALIST PARTY] wins in general elections, with Felipe Gonzรกlez as head of government |
1982 | The transition to democracy is considered complete |
1982 | The border with Gibraltar opens for the first time since 1969 |
1985 | Approval of the Abortion Decriminalization Law |
1986 | Spain approves its entry into NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization] |
1986 | New triumph in the legislative elections for the PSOE |
1989 | In the general elections, the PSOE gets half of the seats |
1992 | Spain is the host country of the Olympics [Barcelona], The Universal Exhibition [Seville], and the Cultural Capital of Europe [Madrid], with the celebrations of the fifth centenary of the discovery of America |
1995 | The Popular Party wins in the municipal elections |
1996 | The Popular Party wins in the general elections and Josรฉ Marรญa Aznar is the new president of the government |
2000 | Absolute majority for the PP in the legislative elections |
2002 | The Euro enters into force as the single European currency |
2004 | (11-M) Terrorist attack in Madrid causes 200 victims and more than 1800 injured. The government initially blames the terrorist group ETA, but later it is proven that it is the work of Al-Qaeda |
2004 | The PSOE wins the general elections, and its general secretary Josรฉ Luis Rodrรญguez Zapatero becomes president |