Language/Bulgarian/Culture/Bulgaria-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Bulgaria - A chronology of key events
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World Timelines


  • 2000 BC AD ➡ the Thracians settled on the coast of the Black Sea (Pont Euxin).
  • 700 BC AD ➡ the Greeks establish counters in Dyonysopol (Balchik), Odessos (Varna), Messembria (Nessebar), Apollonia (Sozopol).
  • 359-336 BC AD ➡ Philip II of Macedon annexed Thrace. Foundation of Philippopolis (Plovdiv).
  • 110 BC AD ➡ Thrace undergoes the dual influence of Roman and Hellenistic.
  • 98-117 ➡ Emperor Trajan fights the Goths and Dacians, founds the city of Veliko Tarnovo and sets up garrisons along the Danube - Durostorum (Silistra), Novae (Svichtov). The river becomes an important trade route and an important road connecting the Black Sea to the Rhine passes through Servica (Sofia).
  • 681 ➡ first Bulgarian kingdom, with Pliska as capital.
  • 855 ➡ the Cyrille and Method brothers create the Cyrillic alphabet.
  • 865 ➡ Prince Boris I (852-907) introduced Christianity to Bulgaria, made Veliki Preslav the capital of Bulgaria, and was recognized by the Byzantines as the tsar of the Bulgarians.
  • 893-927 ➡ golden age of Bulgarian culture, under the reign of Tsar Simeon the Great, son of Boris I. Bulgaria is then the largest kingdom in Europe.
  • 1018 ➡ Emperor Basil II conquers Bulgaria, which becomes a province of the Byzantine Empire.
  • 1185-1396 ➡ second kingdom of Bulgaria, under the domination of the Assen dynasty, who established the capital at Veliko Tarnovo.
  • 1396 ➡ Bulgaria falls under Ottoman domination, and for five centuries becomes a region of the Empire.
  • 1652 ➡ start of the Bulgarian National Renaissance movement, under the leadership of the monk Paissii of the Hilendar monastery (on Mount Athos) who writes the famous Slav-Bulgarian History.
  • 1870 ➡ start of the organized national liberation movement. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church becomes autocephalous.
  • 1876 ➡ the April revolt for the liberation of the Bulgarians is severely repressed by the Turkish authorities, but for the first time international opinion is indignant at the practices of the Ottoman invader.
  • 1877-1878 ➡ Russo-Turkish war for the liberation of Bulgaria, in which a large number of Bulgarians participate and die.
  • March 3, 1878 ➡ San Stefano peace accords. Bulgaria is reborn on the basis of the regions of Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia, becoming the largest Balkan state.
  • July 13, 1878 ➡ the signing of the Treaty of Berlin results in the division of the new Bulgarian state into two parts, the principality of Bulgaria and eastern Roumelia. At the same time, a large part of the land in the south of the country was placed under Ottoman domination.
  • April 16, 1879 ➡ the constitution of Tarnovo is adopted by the National General Assembly.
  • June 26, 1879 ➡ Alexandre Battenberg becomes Prince of Bulgaria, and makes Sofia the capital of the new Bulgarian state.
  • September 6, 1885 ➡ unification of the principality of Bulgaria and eastern Roumelia, which accelerates the process of liberation of Bulgaria.
  • September 22, 1908 ➡ King Ferdinand I proclaims the full independence of Bulgaria and the end of Ottoman rule.
  • October 1912 ➡ first Balkan war. Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece are rising up against Turkey.
  • 1913 ➡ second Balkan war against Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, Turkey and Romania (ie all the neighboring states of Bulgaria) at the same time. Hostilities will continue with the First World War.
  • 1918 ➡ the peace treaties at the end of the First World War, which saw Bulgaria ally with Germany and Austria-Hungary, sanction these alliances.
  • 1923-1924 ➡ on several occasions, democratically elected governments are overthrown by coups d'état which place authoritarian regimes in power.
  • 1941 ➡ Bulgaria enters World War II alongside Axis forces, Germany, Italy and Japan. However, Sofia was Hitler's only ally to refuse to hand over Jewish citizens to take them to concentration camps, and no clashes took place on Bulgarian territory, then ruled by Boris III.
  • 1944 ➡ after the Yalta and Potsdam conferences which mark the end of the war, Bulgaria is placed in the sphere of Soviet influence.
  • 1946 ➡ after a referendum, the People's Republic is proclaimed. The Fatherland Front which runs the country is purged two years later by the Communist Party of its "bourgeois" elements and completely aligns itself with the USSR: dictatorship of the Communist Party, five-year plans, collectivization, membership of the "socialist camp ".
  • 1953-1989 ➡ years under the domination of the Communist Party, and of a man, Todor Jivkov, both Head of State and of the Communist Party for 36 years.
  • November 10, 1989 ➡ Under the pressure of local and international events, Todor Jivkov was forced to resign. Bulgaria then embarked on the path of democracy.
  • December 7, 1989 ➡ The Union of Democratic Forces is constituted on the basis of the thirteen parties of e opposition.
  • June 10 to 10, 1990 ➡ first free elections to Parliament.
  • July 12, 1991 ➡ adoption of the new democratic constitution.
  • October 13, 1991 ➡ first free local elections.
  • January 1992 ➡ first free presidential elections. Election of Jéliou Jelev.
  • November 3, 1996 ➡ Petar Stoyanov, representative of the Union of Democratic Forces, is elected President of the Republic of Bulgaria.
  • April 19, 1997 ➡ The Union of Democratic Forces wins the legislative elections. A new government is formed under the leadership of Prime Minister Ivan Kostov. Beginning of deep democratic reforms.
  • 1999 ➡ Bulgaria is a candidate for membership of the European Union and NATO.
  • December 1999 ➡ the Helsinki European Council decides to start accession negotiations, which opened in March 2000.
  • June 2000 ➡ the National Simeon II Movement wins the legislative elections (120 seats out of 240 seats in Parliament). Simeon of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (64), former Tsar of Bulgaria, becomes Prime Minister.
  • November 18, 2000 ➡ victory of the former communist president, Georgui Parvanov, against the outgoing president, Petar Stoyanov.
  • April 26, 2004 ➡ Bulgaria is officially part of NATO.
  • June 25, 2005 ➡ the Socialist Party (PSB, ex-Communist Party) led by young Sergei Dmitrievich Stanishev wins the general elections, but must find a coalition to form the new government.
  • August 8, 2005 ➡ after interminable negotiations, a tripartite government coalition is found between the PSB, the National Simeon II Movement (center, party of outgoing Prime Minister Simeon of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha) and the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (MRF, Turkish minority party). Sergei Dmitrievich Stanishev is Prime Minister.
  • January 1, 2007 ➡ Bulgaria's accession to the European Union.
  • 2009 ➡ The tripartite coalition massively loses the European and parliamentary elections, against the center-right party GERB of the former mayor of Sofia, Boïko Borissov. The latter becomes Prime Minister.
  • 2010 ➡ The Bulgarian economy suffers from the shock of the 2008 crisis. Unemployment is increasing, as is the cost of living. The weakening of the euro prompts the elites to postpone the country's transition to the single currency.
  • 2011 ➡ The center-right party GERB wins the presidential election; its candidate Rosen Plevneliev is elected President of the Republic.
  • February 2013 ➡ Winter and spring are marked by major demonstrations across the country, the streets protesting against the excessively high cost of living, the flaws in the democratic system and the political parties. Some episodes are violent and marked in particular by immolations by fire: 10 people in all attempt to commit suicide, 7 perish alive. On February 20, the president was forced to recall his government and dissolve Parliament.
  • May 2013 ➡ The early elections of May 2013 redistributed the seats in Parliament in favor of the Socialist Party and the latter's head of the list, Plamen Oresharski, was appointed Prime Minister. Protests and immolations continue throughout the summer, revealing a deleterious social climate. To the point that the new government did not hold up the shock and withdrew a year later, after the heavy defeat of the PSB in the European elections of May 2014. A provisional government, led by Gueorgui Bliznachki, was set up in August 2014 until ' the holding of early legislative elections.
  • October 2014 ➡ Boïko Borissov, former Prime Minister, returns to power after his party's victory in the early parliamentary elections. But the GERB did not achieve an absolute majority with only 32.6% of the vote. The parliament therefore had to form a coalition which brings together the Reform Bloc (center right) and the Alternative for the Bulgarian Renaissance (ABV, center left).
  • 2015 ➡ This year has not been easy for the government, which tried new anti-corruption strategies that were unsuccessful in September, failing to obtain a majority in the adoption of a bill on the fight against corruption at high level. Despite internal dissensions, the Reform Bloc maintained its coalition with the GERB.
  • May 2016 ➡ New rebound, the ABC party joined the opposition causing the Borissov government to lose the majority in parliament.
  • November 2016 ➡ Resignation of Borisov following the victory of General Roumen Radov (PSB: 59.4%) in the presidential election on November 6 and 13, 2016.
  • January 22, 2017 ➡ Investiture of Radov.
  • March 26, 2017 ➡ Early parliamentary elections by President Radov. The GERB regains the advantage over the PSB with 32.7% of the vote (Brassov's party does not, however, have a majority). At the end of a month of negotiations, formation of a coalition government (opening up to nationalists).
  • May 4, 2017 ➡ Boiko Barissov returns to the head of the Bulgarian government, this is his third no mination as Prime Minister.
  • First semester 2018 ➡ Bulgaria is in the presidency of the European Union for the first time.

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