Difference between revisions of "Language/Spanish/Culture/Peru-Timeline"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "<div class="pg_page_title">Historical Timeline for Peru - A chronology of key events</div> thumb __TOC__ ---- File:Peru-Timeline-Poly...")
 
Line 7: Line 7:
==Peru Timeline==
==Peru Timeline==


{| class="wikitable"
|21,000 BC AD
|First settlement near Ayacucho.
|-
|20,000-10,000 BC AD
|Three waves of immigration of Asian peoples on the way to  Bering. Most plausible hypothesis.
|-
|10,000-7500 BC 
|Cave paintings from the Toquepala and Lauricocha caves.
|-
|1000-300 BC 
|Chavín culture, a very advanced and hierarchical society.  Beginning of water control.
|-
|700-400 BC 
|Paracas culture, Andean civilization still marked by chavín.
|-
|100 BC J.-C.-800 AD AD
|Nazca culture. Very advanced knowledge of hydrography.
|-
|100 BC J.-C.-800 AD 
|Mochica culture, one of the most remarkable in ancient Peru in  terms of architecture, ceramics and goldsmithing.
|-
|400 BC AD-400
|Culture vicús, somewhat eclipsed by the one with whom it has  shared, for centuries, a corner of the Pacific coast: the Mochica culture.
|-
|200-1000
|Tiahuanaco  culture, one of the most remarkable of the pre-Inca period.
|-
|600-1200
|Huari culture, whose ceramics and stone sculptures are  strongly marked by the Tiahuanaco influence.
|-
|1200-1400
|Chimú culture. Its capital, Chan Chán, is one of the  architectural jewels of ancient Peru.
|-
|1200-1438
|Empire of the Incas.
|-
|1438-1532
|Dazzling conquests of the Incas.
|-
|1532
|In the name of the King of Spain, Francisco Pizarro arrives at  Tumbes.
|-
|1535
|Foundation of Lima.
|-
|1538-1541
|Rivalries oppose the conquistadors. Many are assassinated,  like Pizarro in 1541.
|-
|1572
|Túpac Amaru I, the last Inca, is executed.
|-
|1742
|Insurrection, led by Juan Santos Atahualpa, in Tarma.
|-
|1781
|Important revolt of Túpac Amaru II in Cusco.
|-
|
|Proclamation of the independence of Peru, an independence in  which the main actors are Simón Bolívar and the Argentine General San Martín.
|-
|1824
|Independence  becomes effective after Ayacucho's victory.
|-
|1850-1875
|100,000 Chinese immigrate and are employed in place of  emancipated slaves.
|-
|1879-1883
|War in the Pacific: although allied with Bolivia, Peru is  defeated by Chile.
|-
|1919-1930
|The Civil Party brings to the presidency of the country  Augusto Leguía, who had been president a few years before.
|-
|1929
|Restitution of the Tacna region in Peru.
|-
|1932
|The uprising of the APRA (American Revolutionary Popular  Alliance) leads to fierce repression. This hatred between APRA and the army  marks a common thread throughout the contemporary history of Peru.
|-
|1941
|War with Ecuador for territorial questions.
|-
|1942
|The signing of the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro puts an end to the  war, but does not resolve the territorial problem.
|-
|1948-1956
|Dictatorship of Manuel Odría.
|-
|1963-1969
|Dictatorship of Fernando Belaúnde Terry, from Popular Action  (AP).
|-
|
|
|-
|1968-1980
|Military dictatorship led by General Velasco Alvarado known  for the agrarian reform put in place. He will be replaced in 1975 by General  Francisco Morales Bermudez.
|-
|
|In Chushi, in the Ayacucho region, a small group burns  electoral lists and ballot boxes. The Shining Path has just entered the  political arena.
|-
|1980
|Year of violence due to Shining Path terrorism. General  elections: for the second time, Fernando Belaúnde Terry takes the presidency.
|-
|
|Alan García Peréz becomes president of the country: APRA is  finally in power. His mandate ended with the most serious economic and  financial crisis in the country.
|-
|1990
|Alberto Fujimori, a son of Japanese emigrants, becomes  president and creates a huge surprise by beating the writer Vargas Llosa.
|-
|April 1992
|Civil coup and dissolution of Congress. Fujimori gives himself  full powers.
|-
|September 1992
|Arrest of Abimael Guzmán, number 1 of the Shining Path.
|-
|1995
|Alberto Fujimori beats a heavyweight in world politics: Javier  Peréz de Cuellar, ex-secretary of the UN.
|-
|1999
|Signature of a treaty between Ecuador and Peru concerning  their territorial dispute.
|-
|September 2000
|Fujimori announces his resignation in exile from Japan after  his contested re-election as head of the country and accusations of fraud  (Montesinos affair).
|-
|2000-2001
|Transitional government chaired by Valentín Paniagua.
|-
|June 2001
|Election of the first indigenous president, Alejandro Toledo.
|-
|November 2005
|Arrest in Chile of former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori.
|-
|June 2006
|Presidential election won by Alan García.
|-
|
|Fujimori is extradited from Chile and returns to Peru under  close surveillance (a first in the history of Latin America); seven trials  await the former Peruvian president.
|-
|
|Fujimori is found guilty of human rights violations and  sentenced to 25 years in prison by the Lima court, plus 7.5 years for  embezzlement.
|-
|
|Fujimori is sentenced for an additional 6 years in the case of  wiretapping and corruption of opposition MPs and journalists.
|-
|June 2011
|Socialist President Ollanta Humala largely wins in the second  round of the presidential election against Keiko Fujimori (the daughter of  the deposed dictator).
|-
|February 2012
|"March for water" between Cajamarca and Lima to  protest against the Conga project ($ 4.8 billion investment) which would  sacrifice four high-altitude reservoir lakes.
|-
|September 2013
|With 2 years in advance, Peru has reached the objectives set  by the United Nations concerning the reduction of the infant mortality rate  and that of the poverty line in the country.
|-
|September 2015
|The Humala couple are at their lowest in popularity. Changes  of government have multiplied without results. Suspicious business and  friendships (Lopez Meneses, Belaunde Lossio) corner the couple and  particularly Nadine (reckless spending, suspicion on campaign accounts),  which was thought to be able to run in the next elections.
|-
|
|In the first round of the presidential elections, Keiko  Fujimori came out ahead with 39.7% of the vote. Another surprise the 3rd  place of Veronika Mendoza who represents the Frente Amplio, a kind of left  front. From a French mother and Peruvian father, this convinced Cusquénienne  has shaken up a frozen political landscape.
|-
|
|Pedro Pablo Kuzcinsky, a wise politician and former Wall  Street banker, wins the presidential election by a hair but finds himself  quickly blocked by a Congress with a large Fujimorist majority.
|-
|July 2017
|The Odebrecht scandal, a Brazilian construction company that  paid bribes in exchange for public contracts in many Latin American  countries, shakes the country. The scandal earned ex-President Lula in Brazil  a nine-and-a-half-year prison sentence. Ollanta Humala and Nadine Heredia  have been in preventive detention since July 14, 2017. The same sentence was  imposed on Alejandro Toledo who fled before the decision and now lives in the  United States. Kuzcinsky was Minister of Economy and Finance under the Toledo  government, difficult to stay the course as an anti-corruption figure.
|}


==Source==
==Source==

Revision as of 00:53, 26 December 2021

Historical Timeline for Peru - A chronology of key events
Peru-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Peru-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg

Peru Timeline

21,000 BC AD First settlement near Ayacucho.
20,000-10,000 BC AD Three waves of immigration of Asian peoples on the way to Bering. Most plausible hypothesis.
10,000-7500 BC  Cave paintings from the Toquepala and Lauricocha caves.
1000-300 BC  Chavín culture, a very advanced and hierarchical society. Beginning of water control.
700-400 BC  Paracas culture, Andean civilization still marked by chavín.
100 BC J.-C.-800 AD AD Nazca culture. Very advanced knowledge of hydrography.
100 BC J.-C.-800 AD  Mochica culture, one of the most remarkable in ancient Peru in terms of architecture, ceramics and goldsmithing.
400 BC AD-400 Culture vicús, somewhat eclipsed by the one with whom it has shared, for centuries, a corner of the Pacific coast: the Mochica culture.
200-1000 Tiahuanaco culture, one of the most remarkable of the pre-Inca period.
600-1200 Huari culture, whose ceramics and stone sculptures are strongly marked by the Tiahuanaco influence.
1200-1400 Chimú culture. Its capital, Chan Chán, is one of the architectural jewels of ancient Peru.
1200-1438 Empire of the Incas.
1438-1532 Dazzling conquests of the Incas.
1532 In the name of the King of Spain, Francisco Pizarro arrives at Tumbes.
1535 Foundation of Lima.
1538-1541 Rivalries oppose the conquistadors. Many are assassinated, like Pizarro in 1541.
1572 Túpac Amaru I, the last Inca, is executed.
1742 Insurrection, led by Juan Santos Atahualpa, in Tarma.
1781 Important revolt of Túpac Amaru II in Cusco.
Proclamation of the independence of Peru, an independence in which the main actors are Simón Bolívar and the Argentine General San Martín.
1824 Independence becomes effective after Ayacucho's victory.
1850-1875 100,000 Chinese immigrate and are employed in place of emancipated slaves.
1879-1883 War in the Pacific: although allied with Bolivia, Peru is defeated by Chile.
1919-1930 The Civil Party brings to the presidency of the country Augusto Leguía, who had been president a few years before.
1929 Restitution of the Tacna region in Peru.
1932 The uprising of the APRA (American Revolutionary Popular Alliance) leads to fierce repression. This hatred between APRA and the army marks a common thread throughout the contemporary history of Peru.
1941 War with Ecuador for territorial questions.
1942 The signing of the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro puts an end to the war, but does not resolve the territorial problem.
1948-1956 Dictatorship of Manuel Odría.
1963-1969 Dictatorship of Fernando Belaúnde Terry, from Popular Action (AP).
1968-1980 Military dictatorship led by General Velasco Alvarado known for the agrarian reform put in place. He will be replaced in 1975 by General Francisco Morales Bermudez.
In Chushi, in the Ayacucho region, a small group burns electoral lists and ballot boxes. The Shining Path has just entered the political arena.
1980 Year of violence due to Shining Path terrorism. General elections: for the second time, Fernando Belaúnde Terry takes the presidency.
Alan García Peréz becomes president of the country: APRA is finally in power. His mandate ended with the most serious economic and financial crisis in the country.
1990 Alberto Fujimori, a son of Japanese emigrants, becomes president and creates a huge surprise by beating the writer Vargas Llosa.
April 1992 Civil coup and dissolution of Congress. Fujimori gives himself full powers.
September 1992 Arrest of Abimael Guzmán, number 1 of the Shining Path.
1995 Alberto Fujimori beats a heavyweight in world politics: Javier Peréz de Cuellar, ex-secretary of the UN.
1999 Signature of a treaty between Ecuador and Peru concerning their territorial dispute.
September 2000 Fujimori announces his resignation in exile from Japan after his contested re-election as head of the country and accusations of fraud (Montesinos affair).
2000-2001 Transitional government chaired by Valentín Paniagua.
June 2001 Election of the first indigenous president, Alejandro Toledo.
November 2005 Arrest in Chile of former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori.
June 2006 Presidential election won by Alan García.
Fujimori is extradited from Chile and returns to Peru under close surveillance (a first in the history of Latin America); seven trials await the former Peruvian president.
Fujimori is found guilty of human rights violations and sentenced to 25 years in prison by the Lima court, plus 7.5 years for embezzlement.
Fujimori is sentenced for an additional 6 years in the case of wiretapping and corruption of opposition MPs and journalists.
June 2011 Socialist President Ollanta Humala largely wins in the second round of the presidential election against Keiko Fujimori (the daughter of the deposed dictator).
February 2012 "March for water" between Cajamarca and Lima to protest against the Conga project ($ 4.8 billion investment) which would sacrifice four high-altitude reservoir lakes.
September 2013 With 2 years in advance, Peru has reached the objectives set by the United Nations concerning the reduction of the infant mortality rate and that of the poverty line in the country.
September 2015 The Humala couple are at their lowest in popularity. Changes of government have multiplied without results. Suspicious business and friendships (Lopez Meneses, Belaunde Lossio) corner the couple and particularly Nadine (reckless spending, suspicion on campaign accounts), which was thought to be able to run in the next elections.
In the first round of the presidential elections, Keiko Fujimori came out ahead with 39.7% of the vote. Another surprise the 3rd place of Veronika Mendoza who represents the Frente Amplio, a kind of left front. From a French mother and Peruvian father, this convinced Cusquénienne has shaken up a frozen political landscape.
Pedro Pablo Kuzcinsky, a wise politician and former Wall Street banker, wins the presidential election by a hair but finds himself quickly blocked by a Congress with a large Fujimorist majority.
July 2017 The Odebrecht scandal, a Brazilian construction company that paid bribes in exchange for public contracts in many Latin American countries, shakes the country. The scandal earned ex-President Lula in Brazil a nine-and-a-half-year prison sentence. Ollanta Humala and Nadine Heredia have been in preventive detention since July 14, 2017. The same sentence was imposed on Alejandro Toledo who fled before the decision and now lives in the United States. Kuzcinsky was Minister of Economy and Finance under the Toledo government, difficult to stay the course as an anti-corruption figure.

Source

World Timelines

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Spanish/Culture/Peru-Timeline&oldid=121288"