Language/Wolof/Culture/Senegal-Timeline
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Historical Timeline for Senegal - A chronology of key events
Senegal Timeline[edit | edit source]
Date | Event |
The time of empires[edit | edit source] | |
From the 2nd to the 11th century | Birth, influence (the empire included all of present-day Senegal) then decline of the empire of Ghana. |
9th century | Birth around 800 of the Tekrour Empire during the decline of the Ghana Empire. |
1080 | The Almoravids (a brotherhood of warrior monks of Berber origin who dominated the Maghreb and Andalusia from 1061 to 1147) undertake the Islamization of Senegal. |
13th century | In the central part of present-day Senegal, the Djolof empire was born. |
13th and 14th centuries | Birth of the Mali Empire, extending in particular to present-day eastern Senegal. |
The time of the colonies[edit | edit source] | |
15th century | Arrival of the first settlers (the Portuguese). First counters in Rufisque, Gorée and Joal. |
16th century | Slavery, organized by the Portuguese, begins. The Dutch colonists settle on the island of Gorée. |
From 1626 to 1659 | France colonizes the site of the future city of Saint-Louis. |
May 30, 1814 | Treaty of Paris signed between the Dutch, the British and the French. Senegal is assigned to France. |
April 27, 1848 | Definitive abolition of slavery in the French colonies. |
1854 | Birth of Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba, known as Serigne Touba. |
From 1854 to 1865 | Louis Faidherbe is governor of the colony. |
May 25, 1857 | Foundation of Dakar, on the site of a fishing village, by the lieutenant-colonel of engineers, Emile Pinet-Laprade, commander-in-chief of the expeditionary column, under the control of Louis Faidherbe. |
1885 | Inauguration of the Dakar-Saint-Louis railway (264 km long). |
1883 | Foundation of Mouridism by Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba. Beginning of its persecution by the colonial power. |
October 26, 1886 | Death of Lat Dior Diop, the damel (king) of Cayor, opposed to the annexation of his kingdom by the colonists, in a battle fought against Faidherbe's troops. |
1895 | Creation of French West Africa (AOF), regrouping the territories under French domination. |
August 1895 | Imprisonment of Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba in Saint-Louis, then deportation to Gabon. |
1902 | Dakar becomes capital of AOF, replacing Saint-Louis. |
June 19, 1903 | After being taken prisoner on June 14, Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba was sent to compulsory residence in Saout el-Ma, in Mauritania. |
1916 | The inhabitants of the Four Communes (Dakar, Gorée, Rufisque and Saint-Louis) receive French citizenship. Sending of the first elected members to the Chamber of Deputies. |
July 27, 1927 | Death of Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba. |
September 25, 1940 | Bombing of Dakar by the English. Despite this offensive, General Boison refused to join General de Gaulle. Attempt to disembark the latter failed. |
Independent Senegal[edit | edit source] | |
1946 | Creation of the French Union. |
1956 | Framework law creating the eight autonomous states in AOF (including Senegal). |
1958 | Dakar becomes the capital of Senegal in place of Saint-Louis. |
April 4, 1960 | Senegal gains independence within the Federation of Mali. |
August 20, 1960 | Break up of the Federation of Mali. |
September 5, 1960 | Léopold Sédar Senghor is elected President of the Senegalese Republic. He is starting a seven-year term. |
December 18, 1962 | Accused of having violated the rights of Parliament, the Prime Minister, Mamadou Dia is arrested; Léopold Sédar Senghor then exercises all executive power. |
March 3, 1963 | Approval by referendum of the new Constitution which establishes a presidential system. |
February 26, 1970 | Creation of the post of Prime Minister. President Senghor appoints Abdou Diouf to this post. |
March 1976 | The National Assembly adopts an amnesty law for all political prisoners and ratifies multiparty politics. |
February 26, 1978 | Re-election as President of the Republic of Léopold Sédar Senghor. For the first time, he has to face an opposition candidate. |
December 31, 1980 | Léopold Sédar Senghor leaves power and leaves his place to his Prime Minister Abdou Diouf. |
November 14, 1981 | Creation of the Confederation of Senegambia. |
February 1, 1982 | Official birth of the Confederation of Senegambia. |
December 1982 | First clashes in Casamance with the outbreak of an armed independence rebellion. |
Towards democratic transition[edit | edit source] | |
February 27, 1983 | Abdou Diouf is confirmed in his functions as president by a ballot by universal suffrage. |
April 29, 1983 | The National Assembly adopts a constitutional reform removing the office of Prime Minister. |
May 1983 | Léopold Sédar Senghor is elected to the French Academy. |
February 1988 | Economic and social context of crisis. President Abdou Diouf is reappointed (73% of the vote). The opposition disputes the results. Clashes. Declaration of a state of emergency. Opposition leader Abdoulaye Wade, accused of violence during the elections, is arrested and sentenced to one year in prison. |
1989 | The Confederation of Senegambia is dissolved. Following the looting of shops run by Mauritanians in Senegal, around 200 Senegalese were massacred in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou, in northern Mauritania. The curfew is in place. |
March 1991 | The National Assembly approves the participation in government of the opposition parties. |
1994 | Devaluation of the FCFA by 50%. This decision causes social tension. This gave rise to violent demonstrations in Dakar which led to the arrest of the opponent Abdoulaye Wade (released in May). |
Peaceful alternation[edit | edit source] | |
March 2000 | Outgoing President Abdou Diouf is defeated in the second round of the presidential election by Abdoulaye Wade (who wins with 58.49% of the vote). |
January 2001 | A new Constitution is adopted by referendum. March: for the first time in the country, a woman is appointed Prime Minister. Mame Madior Boye, who was Minister of Justice, replaces Moustapha Niasse at the head of the government. |
April 2001 | Legislative elections. The ruling party and its allies won 89 seats out of 120 in the National Assembly. |
December 2001 | Death of the President-poet Léopold Sédar Senghor in Normandy, France, where he resided. |
September 2002 | The ferry Le Joola, which provided the link between Ziguinchor, in Casamance (south), and Dakar, was wrecked off the coast of the Gambia, killing nearly 1,900 people according to the authorities, more than 2,000 according to families from victims. Only 64 survivors were found. |
December 30, 2004 | Peace agreement signed between the Senegalese government and the Casamance rebels of the Mouvement des forces democratiques de Casamance (MFDC). |
February 25, 2007 | Presidential election won in the first round by the outgoing Head of State, Abdoulaye Wade. |
June 3, 2007 | Legislative elections, boycotted by the majority of the political opposition, won by the ruling party coalition (Coalition Sopi). These elections allow the installation of an enlarged National Assembly, which went from 120 to 150 deputies. |
August 19, 2007 | Senate elections. 35 seats, including 34 for the PDS, are filled by the grand voters (deputies and local elected officials) out of the 100 in the Senate. |
March 22, 2009 | Municipal elections marked by a victory for the opposition coalition, Benno Siggil Senegaal ("To unite for a standing Senegal", in Wolof), in the main municipalities of Senegal, including Dakar, Kaolack and Thiès. The ruling coalition, Coalition Sopi, won in cities like Tambacounda, Kolda or Ziguinchor. |
April 4, 2010 | Celebration of the 50th anniversary of Senegalese independence. |
June 23, 2011 | Violent demonstrations take place across the country against a constitutional reform project aimed at the simultaneous election, by direct universal suffrage, of a President and a Vice-President. The government finally withdraws the bill in the evening.
The "June 23 Movement" follows, a grouping of opposition parties and civil society, which will demonstrate relentlessly, once a month at least, until the elections. Objective: to invalidate the (3rd) announced candidacy of Me Abdoulaye Wade and to impleme |
January 30, 2012 | The validation of Abdoulaye Wade's candidacy by the Constitutional Council and the invalidation of that of Youssou N'Dour mark the start of an electoral campaign peppered with violence and incidents. On the verge of rupture, the population nevertheless relies on the power of the ballot box, led by the opposition coalition. |
March 25, 2012 | Outgoing President Abdoulaye Wade is defeated in the second round of the presidential election by Macky Sall, who wins with 65.80% of the vote. |
July 1, 2012 | Legislative elections: the coalition of President Macky Sall, Benno Bokk Yakaar, wins 119 seats out of the 150 in the National Assembly. A comfortable seat to hope to govern well. |
September 2013 | Aminata Touré is appointed Prime Minister. |
July 2014 | Mahammed Boun Abdallah Dionne replaces her as Prime Minister. |
March 20, 2016 | Referendum: President Macky Sall calls on the people to vote for or against a constitutional revision. The points submitted are, among others, the reestablishment of the presidential five-year term, a reform of the constitutional council, the right of independent candidates to stand for election. The "yes" wins with 62.7% of the vote. |
July 30, 2017 | Legislative elections. The Benno Bokk Yakaar presidential coalition won the elections with 125 of the 165 seats in the National Assembly, and 49.48% of the votes cast. The opposition parties denounce an "electoral masquerade" because of a controversy over the organization of the poll. Former President Abdoulaye Wade's party wins just 19 seats. |
February 28, 2019 | The outgoing president, Macky Sall, was re-elected in the first round with 58.27% of the vote for a period of 5 years. He is far ahead of his opponents, former Prime Minister Idrissa Seck winning 20.5% of the vote and Ousmane Soko, 15.67%. |
May 4, 2019 | The assembly adopts the draft revision of the Constitution, with 124 votes, 7 against and 7 abstentions. This revision foresees, among other things, the abolition of the post of Prime Minister, the motion of censure and the impossibility of the president to dissolve the assembly. |
May 14, 2019 | President Macky Sall promulgates the law to abolish the post of Prime Minister, thus strengthening the country's presidential regime. Mahammed Dionne, Prime Minister since July 6, 2014, was then dismissed from his post and became Secretary General of the Presidency. |
Sources[edit | edit source]
World Timelines[edit | edit source]
Videos[edit | edit source]
LEARN ABOUT THE WOLOF PEOPLE OF SENEGAMBIA - YouTube[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Gender consideration
- Social stratification or caste
- Caste or social stratification considerations
- Self medication
- Bargaining in transportation
- What are you expected to do
- Baptism or naming ceremony
- Time
- Giving directions
- Sërice or travel gifts