Language/Standard-estonian/Culture/Estonia-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Estonia - A chronology of key events
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Estonia Timeline[edit | edit source]

Date Event
3000 BC AD the Proto-Estes, the ancestors of the Estonians, settled on the shores of the Baltic.
1st century the Goths invade the region and push the Finno-Ugric peoples to the coasts and .
1154 under the name of Koluvan, the city of is for the first time shown on the world map by an Arab geographer named Al-Idrisi.
1202 the crusade against the pagan peoples of the Baltic is launched by the Germanic knights who establish their base in .
1219 King Voldemar II of takes control of northern . He names the city , city of the Danes: from taani, "Danish" and linn, "city".
1248 , "Reval" in German and Swedish, is officially integrated into the by the decree and develops as a commercial crossroads between East and West.
1343-1345 the Saint-Georges revolt led the King of Denmark to sell the to the Germanic Knights in 1346.
15th century decline and end of the .
1525 printing of the first book which will bring the Estonian language into European publications.
1558-1583 Livonian war which ends in Swedish domination. The period which will follow will be marked by an important cultural development. In 1632, the Swedes founded the University of Tartu.
1632 inauguration of the .
1721 at the end of the Northern War, the Russians seize the region. For two centuries, will be under Tsarist control and its peasants reduced to serfdom.
1739 first publication of the Bible in Estonian.
1857 Kreutzwald publishes the Kalevipoeg, an epic tale in Estonian language which will launch the national awakening movement. Under Alexander II of , the conditions of the Estonian peasantry improved.
1869 folk song festival is the first public demonstration of Estonian national consciousness. But from 1881, Alexander III intensified the Russification of Estonia.
1918 takes advantage of the Russian Revolution and the end of the war to proclaim independence.
1920 after fighting against German free corps and the Bolsheviks, the signing of the Treaty of Tartu confirms the recognition of by Soviet Russia.
1921 international recognition, joins the .
1930 Independent Estonia falls under the authoritarian power of Konstantin Päts.
1933 the state of emergency is declared on August 11.
1934 March 12, all political parties are banned.
1936 all publications from the Soviet Empire are prohibited.
1937 the first British submarine is delivered to the Estonian navy.

Second World War[edit | edit source]

1940 Soviet occupation after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact on .
1941 when the first deportations to have started, German troops arrive in .
1941-1944 German occupation.
1944 after the German withdrawal, a provisional Estonian government is formed which will be dissolved five years later with the arrival of troops from the which will remain established until recent independence.

Towards independence[edit | edit source]

1949 deportations to forced labor camps in resume.
1964 Urho Kekkonen, President of the , spends three days in and becomes the first foreign leader to visit the country since the war.
1976 dissident intellectuals write a letter to the US Congress to protest the Soviet occupation.
1987 anniversary of the German-Soviet pact. 2,000 people gather in to protest 50 years of domination. A proposal for economic autonomy is published in the local press.
1988 demonstrations are organized in favor of independence and the creation of a popular front. Song festivals, a symbol of Estonian identity, bring together thousands of people.
1989 the Estonian flag is hoisted in on the Tall Hermann tower. In August, Estonians participate in the formidable human chain of two million people, organized between and for the independence of the .
1990 the Estonian Communist Party declares itself independent from the Moscow Central Party.
1991, August 20 Estonia declares the restoration of its independence which is recognized in September by the entire international community.
September 17 Estonia is the 135th country of the UN.
1992 Estonia introduces the crown, its national currency. Lennart Meri becomes President of the Republic.
1993 Estonia becomes a member of the Council of Europe.
1995 free trade agreement with the European Community (signature in force in January 1995). Association agreement with the European Union.
1996 Lennart Meri is re-elected president.
1997 the European Council decides to open negotiations for 's accession to the European Community.
2000 Estonia enters the new millennium with its eyes fixed on future memberships to the European Union and NATO.
2000 Erik Nool wins the gold medal in the decathlon at the Sydney Olympics.
2001, May 12 Estonia wins the Eurovision Song Contest with the Everybody theme performed by Tanel Padar and Dave Benton.
October 8 Arnold Rüütel is elected President of the .
2004, March 29 Estonia's membership in NATO is effective.
2004, May 1 Estonia, like the other two , becomes a member of the European Union.
June 2004 Estonians elect their first MEPs (6) who will sit in the European Parliament.
2006, October 9 Toomas Hendrik Ilves is the new president of the country.
2007 diplomatic crisis with . Violent protests by the Russian minority are taking place in following the removal of the Bronze Soldier, a statue commemorating the liberation of by the Red Army, from central to the outskirts. is at the same time the victim of a massive and powerful cyber attack.
2007, December 21 Estonia enters the Schengen area.
2008-2009 Estonia suffers from the global crisis. The changeover to the euro planned for 2009 is postponed.
2011 Entry into the euro zone and end of the Estonian krone (at fixed parity with the euro since 2004), the dual display remaining in force until the end of the year. Following the legislative elections in March 2011, Mr. Ilves was reappointed in his presidential functions for a new five-year term.
2013, December 4 The former mayor of , Andrus Ansip, in his third term as Prime Minister, becomes the longest-lived European Head of State (he has been in office since 2005).
2014, March 4 Andrus Ansip resigns from his post as Prime Minister, so that his party can prepare his succession for the upcoming new elections.

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