Language/South-levantine-arabic/Culture/Palestine-Timeline
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Timeline for Palestinian Territories - Key events
Palestinian Territories Timeline[edit | edit source]
The premises of the conflict[edit | edit source] | |
1890 | Concerned about the pogroms in Russia, journalist Theodor Herzl declares the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine and publishes, in 1896, The State of the Jews. |
1897 | The Basel Congress is considered the founding event of the Zionist movement. A Jewish national fund is created to buy land in Palestine. |
1915 | Hussein-Mac-Mahon Agreement |
1916 | Secret Sykes-Picot Agreement |
1917 | Balfour Declaration |
The British Mandate[edit | edit source] | |
1922 | The League of Nations grants the mandate over Palestine to Great Britain. |
1933 | Hitler is appointed Chancellor of the Weimar Republic. The anti-Semitic policies of the Third Reich stimulate Jewish immigration to Palestine. The "Haavara" trade agreement is signed between the Zionist authorities and the Nazi regime. |
1936-39 | Great Palestinian revolt against the British occupation and against Zionist colonization; the repression is decimating the Palestinian elite. The Zionist militias, the Haganah and the Irgun, are structuring themselves into an army. |
1937 | Peel Plan, first partition plan allocating 30% of Palestine to the Yishuv (Jewish community). |
1938 | Failure of the Evian conference aimed at helping German and Austrian Jewish refugees fleeing the Nazi regime. |
1939 | The British White Paper advocates the independence of Palestine by 1947, the submission of Jewish immigration to the agreement of Arab residents, and measures limiting Zionist land acquisition. |
1941-45 | Genocide of the European Jews. |
1942 | The Biltmore Program is adopted in New York. Zionists claim a Jewish state over all of Mandatory Palestine. |
1946 | Generalized clashes in Palestine. |
Creation of the State of Israel and consequences for the Palestinians[edit | edit source] | |
1947 | The United Nations votes for resolution 181 which divides Palestine into a Jewish state (56% of the territory), an Arab state (44%) and an area under international supervision (Jerusalem and Bethlehem). The Zionists accept, the Palestinians refuse. |
1948 | In March, Ben-Gurion implements the Daleth ethnic cleansing plan. Half of the expulsion thus occurs before the first Arab-Israeli war.
The State of Israel is proclaimed on May 14. The next day the first Arab-Israeli war broke out at the initiative of neighboring Arab countries. Israel occupies 78% of Palestine. In total, 400 Arab villages are destroyed, leading to an exodus of 800,000 Palestinians. The United Nations Assembly passed resolution 194 on December 11 which "decides that refugees should be allowed to return to their homes as soon as possible." |
1950 | The law on return is passed. Any Jew who requests it can immigrate to Israel and become a citizen of it. Israel becomes a member of the United Nations. |
1956 | Suez Canal Crisis involving France and Great Britain alongside Israel and the Second Arab-Israeli War. Massacre of residents of the Palestinian village of Kafr’Kassem. |
Palestinian resistance[edit | edit source] | |
1964 | Establishment in Jerusalem of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) under Egyptian auspices. |
1965 | First armed operation of Fatah in Israeli territory. |
1967 | 3rd Israeli-Arab war launched by Israel, known as “the Six Days”. Occupation of East Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza as well as the Syrian Golan and Egyptian Sinai. Israelis proclaim United Jerusalem the capital of Israel. Exodus of 200,000 Palestinians. |
1968 | The PLO gains its independence from the Arab states. |
1969 | Fatah and the Palestine Liberation Front (DFLP) declare themselves in favor of a "democratic and secular Palestinian state" in which Jews, Christians and Muslims are equal. |
1970 | The so-called "Black September" conflict begins when, at the behest of the United States, King Hussein of Jordan liquidates Palestinian forces in the country. Palestinian combatants take refuge in Lebanon. |
1972 | The "Black September" commando operation at the Munich Olympics results in the deaths of several Israeli athletes. |
1973 | Fourth Israeli-Arab so-called "Yom Kippur" war initiated by Egypt and Syria but won by Israel. |
1974 | The Arab League and the UN recognize the representativeness of the PLO and the legitimate rights of the Palestinians. |
1975 | Civil war in Lebanon. The Palestinians are fighting alongside the Islamic-progressive forces against the Christian right-wing Phalanges supported by Israel. UN General Assembly Resolution 3,379 equates Zionism with a form of racism and racial discrimination. This resolution will be revoked in December 1991 by United Nations General Assembly resolution 46/86. |
1976 | On March 30, a new wave of land expropriation provokes a large demonstration and a general strike. This is violently repressed. In memory, “Earth Day” is dedicated each year to this date. |
1977 | In Israel, Likud's electoral victory and intensification of colonization. Menachem Begin affirms his will to achieve “Eretz Israel”, that is to say “Greater Israel”. Historic visit of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat to Israel, the first Arab leader to set foot there. Birth of the Shalom Akhchav (“Peace now!”) Movement. |
1978 | Israel invades southern Lebanon. The Israeli-Egyptian Camp David accords signed in Washington under the aegis of the President of the United States mark the "separate" peace between Egypt and Israel. |
1980 | Annexation of East Jerusalem by Israel. |
1981 | Annexation of the Syrian Golan. Assassination of Egyptian President Anouar El Sadat. |
1982 | Israel evacuates Sinai and invades Lebanon. |
1982-83 | Operation Peace in Galilee, the Israeli army sieges Beirut. The PLO is forced to leave Lebanon. The Phalangists, a Lebanese militia, massacre Palestinians in the Sabra and Shatila camps in Lebanon, with the support of the Israelis. |
1987-1989 | First Intifada ("uprising") known as "the revolt of the stones", a popular resistance that will last more than four years. Repression by the Israeli army results in the deaths of more than 2,000 Palestinians. |
1988 | At the 19th session of the Palestinian National Council, the PLO proclaims the independent state of Palestine, declares its support for UN resolutions 181, 242, 338 and reaffirms its condemnation of terrorism. Yasser Arafat confirms recognition of Israel |
Time for negotiations[edit | edit source] | |
1991 | Gulf War. Israeli-Arab peace conference in Madrid, initiated by the United States and the USSR. |
1992 | Election victory for the Labor Party. Yitzhak Rabin becomes Prime Minister of Israel. |
1993 | So-called "Oslo" agreement, following secret negotiations between the PLO and the Rabin government. They put an end to the first Intifada. |
1994 | Installation of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) in Gaza and Jericho. Massacre by an Israeli settler of 29 Palestinians • born at the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron. Paris Agreements on economic issues. Peace treaty between Israel and Jordan. |
1995 | Taba Accord, “Oslo II”. Zones A, B and C are demarcated in the Occupied Territories. Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated by an Israeli ultra-nationalist. |
1996 | Creation and election of the Palestinian Legislative Council. Yasser Arafat is elected president of the ANP. The PNA removes articles questioning the existence of Israel from the Palestinian National Charter. Election victory of Benyamin Netanyahu (Likud) |
1997 | Protocol on Israeli redeployment in Hebron. Intensification of colonization in East Jerusalem. |
1998 | Israeli project for a single municipality for Jerusalem which is equivalent to the annexation of the settlements of "Greater Jerusalem". |
1999 | End of the period of interim autonomy during which the parties had to find a final solution to major issues (Jerusalem, refugees, borders, etc.). Election victory of Ehud Barak, Labor and Israeli Prime Minister. |
2000 | Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon. Failed Camp David summit. Ariel Sharon’s provocation on the Esplanade des Mosques sparked the second Intifada. Israel destroys Palestinian Authority facilities in Gaza. Many suicide bombings take place in Israel. Oslo acco |
2001 | Ehud Barak's intransigence on Jerusalem, borders and the refugee issue leads to the failure of the Taba negotiations. Ariel Sharon wins the elections and becomes Prime Minister. Forced clapping of Yasser Arafat in Ramallah. World Trade Center attack in Ne |
2002 | Ariel Sharon rejects the Arab peace initiative adopted unanimously by the Arab League states. The next day, Operation "Bulwark" led to the brutal reoccupation of the Palestinian autonomous areas. Beginning of the construction of the "separation" wall. George W. Bush conditions the creation of a Palestinian state on a "new and different Palestinian leadership". |
2003 | The United States is forcing the appointment of Mahmoud Abbas as PNA Prime Minister. Presentation of the Geneva Pact. The EU places the political wing of Hamas on the list of "terrorist organizations". UN General Assembly resolution calling for an end to construction of the wall. US invasion of Iraq. |
2004 | Extra-judicial executions by Israel of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and Abdelaziz Al-Rantissi, spiritual leaders of Hamas. Marwan Barghouti, Palestinian activist and member of parliament, has been sentenced to life imprisonment five times. The International Court of Justice declares the construction of the wall contrary to international law. Death of Yasser Arafat. Unilateral Israeli withdrawal from Gaza. |
2005 | Mahmoud Abbas is elected president of the ANP. Israel withdraws from the Gaza Strip of which it nevertheless controls all the exits, transforming it into a ghetto. Palestinian civil society calls BDS (Boycott Divestments Sanctions). |
2006 | Victory for Hamas in the legislative elections in the Occupied Territories. Despite recognition of the fairness of the electoral process, the EU is suspending aid to the PNA. Israel suspends the handover of customs duties to the PNA. The IDF launches operations "Summer Rain" against the Gaza Strip and "Adequate Punishment" against Lebanon. |
2007 | Despite an agreement to form a unity government, inter-Palestinian clashes in Gaza result in Hamas taking control of the territory. |
Dead end: colonization continues with total impunity[edit | edit source] | |
2008 | After five months of truce, Israel resumes the extrajudicial assassinations of members of Hamas which retaliates with rocket fire. Operation Cast Lead against the Gaza Strip. |
2009 | The Israeli army uses prohibited weapons against residents of Gaza. Judge Goldstone's Report on the Israeli Attack on Gaza. The UN gives in to pressure from the United States and postpones the vote on the referral to the International Criminal Court. |
2010 | The Israeli army attacks the Freedom Flotilla initiated by the international movement of solidarity with the Palestinian people in order to break the blockade of Gaza; the assault left at least nine passengers dead. Barack Obama forces Mahmoud Abbas to resume direct discussions with Benyamin Nethanyahou in Washington, without result. |
2011 | Application of the Palestinian state to join the UN. Vote for Palestine to join UNESCO. US veto in the UN Security Council on condemning colonization. |
2012 | Palestine becomes observer state at the UN. Assassination by the Israeli services of Ahmed Jabari, head of Hamas and main interlocutor of the Israeli government. Israeli Operation "Pillar of Cloud" against the Gaza Strip. |
2013 | Resumption of discussions between Israeli and Palestinian forces in Washington. |
2014 | Another failure of the Palestine-Israel peace negotiations led by the United States Secretary of State, John Kerry. Israeli Operation "Protective Edge" against Gaza. Uprising of Palestinians in Jerusalem to protest against colonization. |
2015 | Benyamin Nethanyahou wins the elections on the “No to a Palestinian State” program. Breaking the Silence report on Israeli war crimes. Multiplication of attacks on Palestinian villages in the West Bank by groups of settlers. Israeli colonization continues. Palestine becomes the 123rd member of the International Criminal Court (ICC). It can now act as a state in this international organization and vote there. |
2016 | The UN Security Council adopts Resolution 2,334 condemning, as in 1980, Israeli colonization in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. |
A standing people who resist[edit | edit source] | |
2017 | Israeli government, army and settlers ramp up violence. The Palestinians, through non-violent mobilizations, are pushing back power. He • They obtain in particular the withdrawal of the control gates at the entrances to the Esplanade des Mosques. United States President Donald Trump recognizes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, but the UN General Assembly overwhelmingly disapproves of this unilateral recognition. |
2018 | On March 30, on the occasion of the Earth Day in Palestine (a day of protest against the confiscation of Palestinian land by Israel), the "Great Marches of Return" begin in Gaza [1]. These protests, held every Friday until December 2019, are violently sup. The United States officially opens its embassy in Jerusalem on May 14. |
July 19 | Promulgation by Israel of the law known as the "nation-state of the Jewish people" which makes colonization a national value to be encouraged and takes discriminatory measures against Israeli Arabs who represent 20% of the population, notably removing to Arabic its status as an official language in the same way as Hebrew. |
2019 | The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) confirms that products from Israeli settlements in the Occupied Territories must bear an explicit indication of their origin. |
July 2021 | The unity government of B. Netanyahu and B. Gantz says Israel plans to annex the Jordan Valley and West Bank settlements. |
Source[edit | edit source]
- https://fr.wikipedia.org/
- https://www.petitfute.com/
- https://www.ritimo.org/Chronologie-sur-la-Palestine
World Timelines[edit source]