Language/Romanian/Culture/Moldova-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Moldova - A chronology of key events
Moldova-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Moldova-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg

Moldova Timeline[edit | edit source]

Date Event
From 4500 to 3500 BC. AD Neolithic peoples.
1000 BC AD Establishment in the region of the Indo-European and Thracian tribes, including the Geto-Dacians, ancestors of the Romanian peoples.
7th century BC. AD Installation of Greek counters.
From 82 to 44 BC. AD Reign of King Burebista.

1st century[edit | edit source]

From 87 to 106 BC. AD Reign of Decebal, the two campaigns led by the Roman emperor Trajan make Dacia a Roman province in 105-106.

3rd century[edit | edit source]

Year 256 The Goths drove the Romans from Dacia who left behind Latin and Christianity (ancient Dacia extended over a territory that includes present-day Moldavia, Romania, Oltenia, Transylvania and part of Hungary).

4th century[edit | edit source]

Adoption of Christianity by the Latin speaking peoples of the region, emergence of the first political forms of voivodates, and duchies in the Carpathians and along the Danube.

5th century[edit | edit source]

Dacia is invaded by the Gepids and the Huns.

From the 6th to the 9th century[edit | edit source]

Dacia is invaded by the Avars (6th-7th centuries), Slavs and Bulgarians (7th-9th centuries).

13th century[edit | edit source]

1241 The Mongols invade the territory.

14th century[edit | edit source]

After the victory of Posada, King Charles Robert of Anjou, sovereign of Hungary, Basarab I reunited the provinces located between the Carpathians and the Black Sea, thus creating Wallachia.
1359 Bogdan I creates the principality of Moldavia, he is opposed to the Hungarian suzerainty. The voivodates of the principality of Moldova lend allegiance to Poland. The Principality of Moldova stretches from the Carpathians to the Dniester and is inscribed
1364-1365 Louis I of Hungary organizes an expedition to subdue Moldavia and replace Bogdan, in vain. It is disputed by its powerful neighbors to the north and west, the kingdoms of Hungary and Poland, and regularly attacked by the Tatars, to the south and to the ea

fifteenth century[edit | edit source]

With the fall of Constantinople and the reign of Stephen III the Great, many Byzantines took refuge in Moldavia, so the center of Orthodoxy moved north with the appearance of more than 40 monasteries in Byzantine style. Moldova emancipated itself from the Hungarians and the Poles and became fully independent.
1400-1432 Reign of Alexander the Good (Alecsandru cel Bun). It receives from Wallachia the country of Vrancea to the south of Trotuş and five ports of the mouths of the Danube and the Black Sea: Galaţi, Reni, Obluciţa, Chilia and Cetatea Albă.
1434-1504 Reign of Stephen the Great (Stefan cel Mare). He stands up to the Hungarians and the Turks.
1484 Stefan cel Mare must cede four of the five ports on the mouths of the Danube and the Black Sea to the Ottoman Empire: Reni, Obluciţa, Chilia and Cetatea Albă. Moldova preserves its independence, but loses its fleet and commercial outlets.

sixteenth century[edit | edit source]

1512 The principality must pay tribute to the Ottoman Turks to safeguard its autonomy and its institutions.
1561 The voivode Alexandru Lăpuşneanu founds the University of Moldavia.
1538 The principality officially becomes a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. Always autonomous, it becomes more and more dependent on it.
1595 Jérémie Movila, who governs under the protection of the Poles, is driven out by the voivode of Wallachia and Transylvania, Michael I the Brave (Mihai Viteazul), in 1600, who brings the three voivodates together for the first time.

Seventeenth century[edit | edit source]

1600 Abolition of serfdom in Wallachia and Moldavia, Mihai Viteazul is assassinated, and it is the members of the Movila family who succeed one another on the throne of Moldavia.
1634 Reign of Vasile Lupu, marked by intense cultural activity, partly under the influence of Pierre Movilă, Metropolitan of Kiev, with whose support he introduced printing in Moldavia.
1653 Vasile Lupu is driven from the throne and Gheorghe Ştefane signs a treaty of protectorate of Moldavia by Muscovy. After this reign, political instability is marked by frequent changes of governors.
1683 Ştefan XI Petriceicu seizes the throne with the support of the Polish Stepan Konicky and his Cossacks, they cross the Dniester, before being chased by the Tatars (vassals of the Ottomans) returning from the siege of Vienna.
1691 In front of Iaşi, Constantin Cantemir stops the Polish troops of Jan Sobieski, who has claims on Moldavia, in opposition with the Habsburgs who support the vassalage of Moldavia towards Hungary, of which they are the sovereigns.

Eighteenth century[edit | edit source]

February 25, 1711 Under the reign of Dimitrie Cantemir, the Ottomans declare war on Russia, the prince offers his help to the Russians against the recognition of the independence of Moldavia. But the Turks will be victorious at Stanileşti, on the Prut. Dimitrie Cantemir is
1730 Constantin Mavrocordat succeeds his father and undertakes numerous reforms on taxation and social life. The reaction of the Moldovan nobles is very strong.
1741 Constantin Mavrocordato creates a Constitution.
April 17, 1749 Abolition of serfdom in Wallachia, then in Moldavia.
1756 Constantin Racoviţă is appointed with the support of French diplomacy.
1768 On the mouths of the Danube, new Russo-Turkish war. Moldova is occupied by the Russians and the Moldovans, like other peoples of Europe they see in it their salvation to stop the Turkish invasions.
1772 The Wallachian and Moldovan authorities propose the union of their province.
1775 Moldavia suffers numerous territorial losses after the annexation of Bucovina by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

XIXth century[edit | edit source]

August 12, 1806 The Sultan decides to dismiss Alexander Moruzi (Russophile), Russia considers it a violation of the Russo-Turkish treaty.
November 10, 1806 The Tsar's Russian army crosses the Dniester.
Between December 1806 and July 1812 The Tsar appointed several presidents of the Assembly of Nobles.
1812 Peace is signed between Turkey and Russia by the Treaty of Bucharest. The eastern half of Moldavia occupied by Russian troops as far as Prut is annexed to Russia, under the name of "Bessarabian oblast", two thirds of which now form the Republic of Moldavi
1821-1829 The provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia escape Ottoman authority.
1848 Year of the Romanian and Hungarian revolutions rejecting the empires.
1856 End of the Crimean War, Treaty of Paris. This treaty stipulates that Moldavia and Wallachia must be collectively guaranteed by the seven foreign powers which signed the treaty of retrocession of southern Bessarabia to Moldova.
1859 Moldavia then merges with Wallachia, choosing the same prince for the two principalities, in the person of the Moldavian Alexandre Jean Cuza (Alexandru Ioan Cuza).
1878 The Treaty of Berlin returns southern Bessarabia to the Russian Empire (the Budjak steppe region), and Romania's independence is internationally recognized.

XXth century[edit | edit source]

1907 Important peasant revolts in Moldavia and Wallachia.
December 2, 1917 Independence of the Democratic Republic of Moldova voted by the Sfatul Ţarii (Moldavian Parliament) which broke away from Tsarist Russia.
March 27, 1918 The Moldovan Parliament votes to join Romania.
Between 1918 and 1940 The kingdom of Romania (since 1881) becomes Greater Romania, of which Bessarabia is part.
1924 The USSR founds a Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Region in Ukraine (Transnistria).
June 1940 The USSR claims Bessarabia and Bukovina.
August 2, 1940 The USSR, in application of the German-Soviet pact, invades the territory of Bessarabia which the Romanians evacuate without fighting. The Soviets attach two thirds to RSSAM (the remaining third goes to Ukraine).
June 1941 Romania, led by Ion Antonescu, the "Romanian Pétain", attacks the USSR on the Axis side and recovers the territory of Bessarabia: deportation of 140,000 Jews and some Roma.
From March to August 1944 The USSR recovers the territory thanks to the German-Soviet pact (or Molotov-Ribbentrop pact), deportation of 120,000 Romanian speakers accused of having served Romania.
1944-1991 Moldova is the RSSM (Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic), led by the Soviet Union. Its leaders until 1978 were exclusively Russian or Ukrainian (from Transnistria).
1985-1991 Under Gorbachev, politics of Perestroika. In Moldova, period of reclamation and recognition of Romanian identity.
1989 Return to the Latin alphabet (the Latin alphabet had been abandoned for the Russian Cyrillic alphabet). Moldovan is declared an official language.
May 12, 1990 Moldovan is officially recognized as "Romanian".
September 3, 1990 Beginning of the mandate of the first Moldovan President Mircea Snigur (Democratic Agrarian Party).
August 27, 1991 The Republic of Moldova proclaims its independence.
December 1991 Transnistria proclaims its independence from Chişinău (independence not recognized by the international community) and requests its attachment to Russia or Ukraine.
October 1991-summer 1992 Violent conflict in the guise of civil war between secessionists from Transnistria and Moldovan troops, known as the "Dniester conflict".
1993 Creation of a national currency, the leu, and strict monetary policy approved by the IMF.
November 1994 Membership of a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement is signed with the European Union (APC).
December 1994 A special status is granted to the Gagauzes, creation of the UTAG (Union of Autonomous Territory of Gagauzia).
April 8, 1994 Moldova is the last state to ratify the CIS charter.
July 28, 1994 Creation of a Constitution. The president is elected by universal suffrage.
1995 Moldova is the first CIS state to join the Council of Europe.
April 27, 1995 article 13 of the Constitution introduces a kind of apartheid between majority and minorities, with legal differences between them.
January 15, 1997 Election of Petru Luchinschi as President (Independent).
1998 Economic crisis in Russia resulting in a weakening of the leu, high inflation and a drop in exports. Period of crisis for Moldova.
July 5, 2000 Modification of the Constitution which becomes parliamentary. The president is now elected by Parliament, which can dismiss him.
May 8, 2001 Moldova joined the WTO (World Trade Organization).
November 19, 2001 Signature of the Russian-Moldavian friendship treaty, symbolized by the status of the Russian language in Moldova.
April 7, 2001 Election of the Communist Vladimir Voronin to power (Communist Party of the
Republic of Moldova - PCRM).
January 2002 Educational reform project aimed at making the Russian language compulsory from primary school onwards, and replacing the history of the Romanians with the history of the Moldovans ...
March 31, 2002 50,000 people gather for a "Grand National Assembly". The Voronin government abandons its reform project.
Year 2002 Release of new credits from the World Bank, privatization of large companies, fight against corruption, reform of the social protection system ...
Beginning of 2004 Reform of the compulsory social protection system, a huge project undertaken by the government.
February 2005 Signature with the EU of an action plan inviting the Moldovan authorities to adopt the Copenhagen criteria. Moldova is included in the list of countries benefiting from the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) granting poor countries a preferential mar
April 5, 2009 Elections of the Moldovan Parliament.
April 6 and 7, 2009 Demonstrations and riots in Chişinău, in protest over: unequal access to the media, intimidation of voters and candidates, and ballot stuffing. The Romanian flag is hoisted on top of the Presidency building.
April 22, 2009 The Constitutional Court of Moldova validates the results of the votes, with the PCM (Moldovan Communist Party) which obtains only 60 seats out of 101. The Communists lack 1 seat to elect a new president on their own.
June 10, 2009 Marian Lupu (President of the Moldovan Parliament, elected on March 2, 2005) leaves the PCM to go over to the opposition side.
June 15, 2009 President Voronin is forced to dissolve the Assembly and is forced to organize new legislative elections.
July 29, 2009 New elections controlled by the OSCE. The Communists are defeated, but still no one gets the required number of seats in Parliament to appoint a president. It is a turning point for Moldovan political history, because the opposition becomes majority.
September 11, 2009 President Voronin submits his resignation, and Mihai Ghimpu (Liberal Party) is appointed interim president.
September 2010 Referendum providing for the election of the President of the Republic by direct suffrage. Thus, presidential and legislative elections would have been held at the same time, in November 2010. The Communist Party calls for a boycott of the ballot, and the
November 28, 2010 New elections to elect Parliament, but the situation in 2009 is repeating itself.
March 16, 2012 After three years of political crisis, and a succession of 3 interim presidents, (Mihai Ghimpu, Vlad Filat and Marian Lupu) Nicolae Timofti is elected President of the Republic by 62 votes.
September 2013 Russian embargo on imports of Moldovan wines and spirits.
June 27, 2014 Moldova signs Association Agreements (AA) with Ukraine and Georgia with the European Union, within the framework of the Eastern Partnership. Closer political and economic ties with the EU.
July 2014 Extension of the Russian embargo with restrictions on certain meats and fruits and the imposition of a customs tariff on nineteen Moldovan products since August 31, 2014
October 27, 2014 Reinforced embargo by the Russians on meat and meat products.
February 15, 2015 Chiril Gaburici, is appointed as Prime Minister. Communist, close to the PCRM, he formed an unexpected coalition with the right-wing parties in place.
March 2015 The scandal of the "billion dollars" lost breaks out, 3 Moldovan banks have granted loans to unknown customers, 927 million Euros have disappeared from the country.
Mid June 2015 Resignation of Chiril Gaburici, Prime Minister, following accusations of falsifying a university diploma.
End of July 2015 Valeriu Strelets is appointed Prime Minister by Nicolae Timofti.
October 30, 2015 the Parliament of Moldova dismisses the government of Valeriu Strelets following the demands and demonstrations of the Moldovan people disgusted by the fraudulent disappearance of the equivalent of 12.5% ​​of its GDP ... On this date, early elections are

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