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Historical Timeline for Czech Republic - A chronology of key events
Czech Republic Timeline[edit | edit source]
Date | Event |
---|---|
5th-6th centuries | arrival of the Slavs on Czech territory. |
623-658 | Samo Empire, first state form on Czech territory. |
830 | creation of the Great Moravian Empire. |
863 | Ratislav, ruler of Moravia, invites Cyril and Methodist to evangelize the country: the Bible is translated into Slavonic and the Glagolitic alphabet is thus created, helping to bring the empire into the Slavic world and to free it from the world germain. |
867-894 | Bořivoj, of the Přemyslid dynasty, was the first Christian prince of Bohemia. |
931-935 | reign of Duke Václav (Wenceslas). He will become Saint Wenceslas, patron of Bohemia. |
1085 | the Duchy of Bohemia becomes a kingdom. Vratislav is the first king of Bohemia. |
1241 | invasion of the Tatars in Moravia and Slovakia. |
1306 | assassination of Václav III and end of the Přemyslid dynasty. |
1310-1437 | arrival of the Luxembourg dynasty on the Bohemian throne. |
1346-1378 | reign of Charles IV. |
1415 | Jan Hus is burnt alive. |
1419-1437 | the Hussite wars. |
1459-1471 | reign of Jiříz Poděbrad (George of Podébrady), the Hussite king. |
1471-1526 | reign of the Jagiellonian dynasty, of Polish origin. |
1526 | the Habsburg dynasty on the Bohemian throne. |
1583 | Rudolph II, Germanic emperor and third Habsburg king of Bohemia, leaves Vienna and sets up his court in Prague. |
1618 | defenestration of Prague, revolt against the Habsburgs. |
1618-1648 | the Thirty Years' War. |
1620 | Battle of the White Mountain. |
1621 | execution of the 27 organizers of the revolt and start of the forced "recatholization". |
1648 | Westphalian peace treaty, which closes the Thirty Years' War. This bloody war affected Austria, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. Originally a war between Protestants and Catholics, it quickly became a struggle for Germany to keep its supremacy. |
1740-1780 | reign of Marie-Thérèse. |
1780-1790 | reign of Joseph II. |
1781 | start of the national awakening. |
1848 | revolutionary national movement. The Czechs and Slovaks are asking for their autonomy. |
1918 | Bohemia-Moravia and Slovakia, separated since the 10th century, are united in a republic. Czechoslovakia is proclaimed on October 28, and Tomaš Masaryk becomes its first president on November 14. |
1919 | founding of the Czechoslovak Communist Party. |
1935 | Edouard Beneš is elected president. |
1938 | Munich agreement on the partition of Czechoslovakia. |
1939 | occupation of Bohemia-Moravia by Germany. Slovakia becomes a fascist state. |
1942 | Lidice massacre. |
1944 | Slovak national uprising. |
1945 | liberation-occupation of Czechoslovakia by the Red Army. |
1948 | the communists take power. Gottwald becomes president. |
1952 | start of the Prague trials. |
1953 | death of Gottwald. Antonín Zápotocký is elected president. |
1968 | Alexander Dubček is elected First Secretary of the Communist Party. An essay on "socialism with a human face". |
1968 | the USSR sends the tanks of the Warsaw Pact, whose troops invade Czechoslovakia. |
1969 | Student Jan Palach sets himself on fire in protest against the Soviet invasion. Beginning of normalization led by Gustáv Husák, first secretary of the Communist Party. Czechoslovakia becomes a federation. |
1975 | Gustáv Husák is elected president. |
1977 | creation of Charter 77 by a handful of dissidents. |
1989 | velvet revolution in November. Creation of the Civic Forum. |
1990 | parliamentary elections on June 8, first free elections since 1948. |
1991 | the last Soviet soldiers leave Czechoslovakia on June 19. |
1992 | legislative elections. The winner is the ODS led by Václav Klaus in the Czech Republic. In Slovakia, HZDS with Vladimir Mečiar. |
1992 | the two Prime Ministers Klaus and Mečiar reach an agreement on the partition of the country. |
1992 | Václav Havel resigns on July 17, the very day of the proclamation of Slovak sovereignty. On December 31, the Czechs and Slovaks separate. |
1993 | Václav Havel is re-elected President of the Czech Republic. |
1995 | the Czech Republic is the first of the former communist countries to join the OECD. |
1996 | the Czech Republic files an application for admission to the European Union. |
1997 | numerous financial scandals agitate the Republic. Significant devaluation of the crown. |
1998 | Václav Havel is re-elected President of the Czech Republic with a very narrow majority. |
1999 | the Czech Republic becomes a member of the O.T.A.N. with Hungary and Poland, and sends troops to Kosovo. |
2000 | comeback of the Communists. Prague is named European City of Culture by the European Union, along with 8 other cities. The score left some bitterness, but also a lot of indifference - "It had to happen" -, and the man in the street is more concerned with his purchasing power in a society in full economic change than with his Slovak neighbor ... Havel will have known u the state of grace until the elections of June 1992 when the O.D.S., an ultraliberal right-wing party, won the elections brilliantly. From then on, he will have to come to terms with Václav Klaus, head of the O.D.S., and give up the Czechoslovak Federation. |
2002 | in August, floods in the Czech Republic, due, among other things, to the floods of the Elbe, the Vltava and the Berounka, caused the evacuation of more than 200,000 people and many towns fell entirely under the waters. |
2003 | in February, election of Václav Klaus as President of the Republic. In June, referendum for entry into Europe. The yes wins with more than 77% of the votes cast. |
2004 | on May 1, the Czech Republic officially joins the European Union. |
2004-2005 | the country is shaken by numerous political crises. |
2005 | Jiři Paroubek, leader of the socialist party C.S.S.D., becomes the new Czech Prime Minister following a political scandal and thus replaces Stanislas Gross. |
2006 | Jiři Paroubek resigns following his party's defeat in the legislative elections. He is replaced by Mirek Topolanek, of the right-wing O.D.S. In October, 38 days after his official installation, Mirek Topolanek resigned, having been unable to obtain the confidence of the deputies. |
2007 | after long negotiations, the party of Mirek Topolanek (O.D.S.), the liberals and the greens form a government which however only has 100 of the 200 seats in parliament. |
2008 | the outgoing president Václav Klaus is re-elected. |
2009 | the Czech Republic takes over from France the presidency of the European Union in January. In March, fall of the government of Mirek Topolanek and the start of a transitional period with the government of Jan Fischer. |
2010 | in May, the center-right coalition wins the legislative elections although the numerically winning party is the Social Democrat ČSSD with 22.1% of the vote. In July, O.D.S. and two new parties from the political scene (TOP 09 and Public Affairs) form the new center-right government. Petr Nečas is the new Prime Minister (O.D.S.). |
2011 | VáclavHavel dies on December 18. After a 3-day national mourning, the farewell ceremony takes place in St. Vitus Cathedral, in the heart of Prague Castle. |
2012 | a major mobilization took place in the streets of Prague on April 21, to protest against the austerity introduced by the government. Several tens of thousands of people gathered for what constitutes the biggest demonstration of the post-1989 period. The unrest continues in May and June, especially with the demonstration of seniors in Prague. Their standard of living has fallen by 20% since 1989 and their monthly income is 30% lower than the European average. The Parliament and the Senate adopt the law on the election of the President of the Republic by direct universal suffrage. The Czechs will then designate their president for the first time on January 11 and 12, 2013; the second round will take place on January 25 and 26, 2013. |
2013 | the Czechs will nominate their president for the first time by universal suffrage at the end of January 2013. The president of the Civil Rights Party, Miloš Zeman, wins and becomes the new tenant of Prague Castle. |
2013 | in February, the scandal of photovoltaic subsidies, the prices of which have been overestimated and of which the Czech taxpayer will pay the price, contributes to further widening the gap between the population and the political class. |
2013 | in May, the mayor of Prague, Bohuslav Svoboda, resigns following a motion of censure. |
2013 | in June, after having been without anybody at the head of the municipality for a month, Prague elects its new mayor in the person of Tomáš Hudeček, from the conservative TOP 09 party. It is the first time since independence that the mayor of Prague is not from the ODS (Democratic Civic Party). |
2013 | in August, new government crisis. The assembly is dissolved and early legislative elections are scheduled for October. They enshrine the victory of the right and the defeat of the traditional parties. |
2014 | in January, the new government of Bohuslav Sobotka is established. He is the head of the ČSSD (Czech Social Democratic Party). |
2014 | in May, the population votes in the European elections. The liberal ANO 2011 party comes out on top, but narrowly. |
2016 | in October, the senatorial elections take place, and the renewal of a third of the Senate is successful. |
2017 | the legislative elections in October prove once again that ANO 2011 is the people's party. With almost 30% of the vote, the party retains 78 seats. |
2018 | the January presidential elections end with the re-election of Miloš Zeman with nearly 52% of the vote. |
2018 | on October 28, the country celebrated the centenary of the independence of Czechoslovakia. |
Source[edit | edit source]
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