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==Slovakia Timeline==
==Slovakia Timeline==


{| class="wikitable"
!Date
!Event
|-
|Almost 100,000 years BC
|Traces of Neanderthals in  Slovakia.
|-
|Almost 5,000 years BC
|Installation of the first farmers.
|-
|16th century BC
|First stone town, ruins discovered at Myšia hôrka.
|-
| colspan="2" |The Barbarian Tribes and the Roman Empire
|-
|3rd-1st centuries BC
|Installation of the Celts on the territory of Slovakia.
|-
|1st-4th centuries AD
|Proximity to the Roman Empire and the Roman Limes. Settlement  of the Germans in Western Slovakia.
|-
|5th century
|The Huns invade the Danubian region.
|-
|5th and 6th centuries
|Arrival of the Slavs.
|-
|Second half of the 6th century
|Invasion of the Avars.
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== The Samo Empire and Great Moravia ===
|-
|623-658
|Union  of Slavic Tribes, "Samo Empire".
|-
|Around 800
|Birth of the principality of Moravia and Nitra.
|-
|828
|Consecration of a Christian church in Nitra.
|-
|833
|Birth of Great Moravia.
|-
|863
|Arrival of the brothers Cyrille and Method in Great Moravia.
|-
|870-894
|Reign of Svätopluk in Great Moravia.
|-
|896
|Arrival of the Magyars in the Danubian basin.
|-
|907
|Victory of the Magyars over the Bavarians at the foot of  Bratislava Castle.
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== The construction of the Hungarian kingdom ===
|-
|10th century until 1105
|Nitra  becomes a prerogative of the Hungarian state.
|-
|997-1038
|Reign of King Stephen I (Saint Stephen), King of Hungary.
|-
|1150
|Arrival of the first German settlers in the region of Spiš.
|-
|1238
|Granting of urban privileges to Trnava.
|-
|1241-1242
|Attack of the Tartars (Mongols), construction of the main  stone fortresses.
|-
|1301
|Extinction of the Arpad dynasty.
|-
|1301-1342
|Reign of the Anjou dynasty on the throne of Hungary.
|-
|1387
|The Luxembourg dynasty seizes the throne of Hungary.
|-
|1467-1490
|Opening of the University of Bratislava, closed on the death  of its founder.
|-
|1517
|The sculptor Maître Pavol finishes the altarpiece of the  Church of St. Jakub in Levoča.
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== Slovakia at the heart of the Kingdom of Hungary ===
|-
|1526
|Defeat of the Hungarians on the Turks at Moháč where King  Louis II is killed, Ferdinand I of Habsburg becomes King of Hungary.
|-
|1530
|First attack by the Turks on the territory of Slovakia.
|-
|1536
|Presbourg becomes the capital, invested by the Hungarian Diet.
|-
|1593-1606
|War against the Turks.
|-
|1604-1606
|Uprising of the Hungarian nobles led by Etienne Bocskai  against the central power in Vienna.
|-
|1619-1626
|Uprising of Gabriel Bethlen.
|-
|1635
|The University of Trnava is founded by Cardinal Peter Pázmany.
|-
|1644-1645
|Uprising of George I Rákóczi.
|-
|1683
|Defeat of the Turks before the imperial army aided by the  reinforcement of the Polish army in Vienna. End of the expansion of the  Ottoman Empire in Europe.
|-
|1703-1711
|Uprising of François II Rákóczi.
|-
|1740-1780
|Reigns of Marie-Thérèse and her son Joseph II, who are at the  origin of avant-garde social reforms and changes, such as the educational  reform in 1777.
|-
|1781
|Edict of tolerance of Joseph II.
|-
|1785
|Abolition by Joseph II of serfdom in Hungary.
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== The national awakening ===
|-
|1787
|Bernolák codification of written Slovak.
|-
|1805-1809
|Napoleonic battles. The Peace of Pressburg (Bratislava) was  signed in December 1805 after the battle of the three emperors at Austerlitz.
|-
|1843
|Codification of Slovak written by Ľudovít Štúr.
|-
|March 1848
|Abolition of feudal easements in Hungary.
|-
|May 1848
|Presentation of the demands of the Slovak people to Liptovský  Mikulaš.
|-
|September 1848
|Formation of the Slovak National Council in Vienna. An armed  Slovak troop is formed for the first time.
|-
|1861
|Adoption of the Memorandum of the Slovak nation to Martin.
|-
|1863
|Foundation of the Matica slovenská, the first institution for  the development of Slovak education and culture.
|-
|1867
|Oppression of the Slovaks by the Hungarians.
|-
|1874-1875
|Suppression by the power of Slovak high schools.
|-
|1875
|Ban on Matica slovenská.
|-
|1884-1901
|The Slovak National Party advocates abstention from elections  in response to oppression by the administration.
|-
|1905
|Birth of the Slovak Social Democratic Party.
|-
|1913
|Birth of the Slovak People's Party.
|-
|1914
|Memorandum from the Slovak League to the United States on the  separation from Hungary.
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== The First Czechoslovak Republic ===
|-
|1915
|Signature of the Cleveland agreements in the United States by  representatives of Czech and Slovak organizations.
|-
|1916
|Birth of the Czechoslovak National Council in Paris.
|-
|May 1918
|The Slovak National Council decides to unite with the Czechs  in Martin.
|-
|May 1918
|Signature of the Pittsburgh agreements in the United States by  Tomáš Masaryk with Slovak emigrants in the United States, guaranteeing  Slovakia an autonomous status in the future Czechoslovakia.
|-
|October 28, 1918
|Declaration of the independence of Czechoslovakia in Prague.
|-
|October 1918
|Martin Accord: break with Hungary.
|-
|From May to July 1919
|Fighting against the Hungarian Republic advice.
|-
|1920
|First constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic.
|-
|1920
|Signature of the peace treaty with Hungary at the Trianon,  near Paris.
|-
|1922
|First proposal for Slovakia's autonomy in Parliament by the  populist party.
|-
|June 1938
|New autonomy proposal by the populist Hlinka party.
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== Slovakia under the control of the Nazis ===
|-
|September 30, 1938
|Munich  Diktat. This allows Hitler to annex the regions of Czechoslovakia populated  by Germans. The death of Czechoslovakia as an independent state is sealed.
|-
|October 6, 1938
|Slovakia's  declaration of autonomy in Žilina.
|-
|November 2, 1938
|Cession of southern Slovakia to Hungary, arbitrated by Vienna.
|-
|March 1939
|Signature of the protection treaty between Slovakia and the  German Reich. The independent Slovak Republic is proclaimed, presided over by  the Catholic priest Jozef Tiso.
|-
|September 1939
|Participation of the Slovak army with the Nazis in the war  against Poland.
|-
|1940
|The Slovak Republic joins the Three Axis Pact Pact.
|-
|1941
|Entry into the war against the USSR. Drafting of the Jewish  Code, all anti-Jewish laws and provisions.
|-
|1941
|Deportation of Jews to Polish concentration camps.
|-
|1943
|Creation of the Slovak National Council.
|-
|August 29, 1944
|Uprising of the Slovak resistance in Banská Bystrica against  the occupier. This insurrection is put down in the blood.
|-
|October 6, 1944
|Arrival of the Red Army in Slovakia, the country's liberation  begins.
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== Communist Czechoslovakia ===
|-
|April 5, 1945
|Proclamation of the Czechoslovak government's Košice program.
|-
|Autumn 1947
|The Slovak Communists lose the elections, unlike in the Czech  Republic. Despite this, the country came under the rule of the Communists of  the Soviet Union in February 1948.
|-
|February 25, 1948
|Beginning of the Communist dictatorship of Czechoslovakia.
|-
|August 21, 1968
|Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček's attempt to democratize state  and society is suppressed by force. Warsaw Pact troops enter Czechoslovakia  to quell the rebellion.
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== From the velvet revolution to the velvet divorce ===
|-
|November 16, 1989
|Student demonstration in Bratislava.
|-
|November 27, 1989
|General strike.
|-
|December 1989
|Resignation of the President of the Republic Gustáv Husák.  Václav Havel becomes the first President of the Czechoslovak Republic, the  road to democracy and pluralism opens.
|-
|1990
|The state is renamed the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic,  under the protection of Václav Havel.
|-
|June 1992
|First democratic elections since 1948, won in Slovakia by the  HZDS, the ultra-nationalist and populist left party of Vladimír Mečiar, which  opens the breach towards independence.
|-
|July 17, 1992
|The Slovak National Council adopts Slovakia's Declaration of  Sovereignty.
|-
|September 1, 1992
|Adoption of the Slovak Constitution.
|-
|25 November 1992
|Law of the Federal Assembly on the dissolution of the Czech  and Slovak Federal Republic.
|-
|January 1, 1993
|Birth of the Slovak Republic, two months after Michal Kovàč  was elected President and Vladimir Mečiar was appointed Prime Minister.
|-
|March 1994
|Vote of no confidence in the Slovak Parliament, Mečiar must  resign, a provisional government led by Jozef Moravčik is set up.
|-
|September 1994
|Legislative elections won by the HZDS, Vladimir Mečiar becomes  Prime Minister again.
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== Slovakia today ===
|-
|September 1998
|Legislative elections, the opposition wins. Mikuláš Dzurinda,  from the Slovak Democratic Coalition, (SDK - center right) becomes Prime  Minister.
|-
|May 1999
|Election of Rudolf Schuster as President of the Republic.
|-
|2002
|After the legislative elections, Mikuláš Dzurinda is  reappointed to his post of Prime Minister.
|-
|March 2004
|Slovakia  joins NATO.
|-
|April 2004
|Ivan Gasparovič wins the presidential elections.
|-
|May 1, 2004
|Slovakia  becomes a member of the European Union.
|-
|June 2006
|Early general elections, Robert Fico, from the social  democratic party SMER, wins and becomes Prime Minister.
|-
|Christmas 2007
|Slovakia's  entry into the Schengen area.
|-
|January 1, 2009
|Slovakia  changes currency and changes to the euro.
|-
|June 2009
|Presidential elections, Ivan Gasparovič is re-elected (he  beats Iveta Radičová in the second round).
|-
|June 2010
|Legislative elections, Robert Fico's SMER-SD party wins but  fails to form a coalition. Iveta Radičová becomes Prime Minister of the  center-right opposition coalition.
|-
|2012
|Failure of the opposition coalition. Early general elections  won by the social democratic party SMER-SD. Robert Fico is elected by  absolute majority and regains the post of Prime Minister.
|-
|2013
|Košice is European capital of culture with Marseille.
|-
|2014
|Andrej Kiska, independent businessman, wins the presidential  election with 59.4% of the votes cast. Roberto Fico, his unfortunate  second-round opponent, however, remains president of the government.
|-
|2015
|The year was marked by the strong opposition of Slovakia and  Hungary to the EU in the management of the problem of migrants from Syria,  Iraq, Africa and the Middle East.
|-
|2016
|Legislative elections, SMER-SD wins, Robert Fico forms a  coalition and keeps his post of Prime Minister.
|-
|2016 July / December
|Slovakia  takes over the rotating presidency of the European Union.
|}


==Sources==
==Sources==
Line 14: Line 371:


{{Timeline-world}}
{{Timeline-world}}
==Videos==
===Slovak Culture: Top 5 Values in Slovakia - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-0wlC1U-RU</youtube>
===10 Things That Mean You Are a Slovak - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Eii_yQdtbE</youtube>
===Slovak Food Review - 5 Things to try in Bratislava, Slovakia - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHlidRkk42g</youtube>
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 19:35, 27 March 2023

Historical Timeline for Slovakia - A chronology of key events
Slovakia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Slovakia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg

Slovakia Timeline[edit | edit source]

Date Event
Almost 100,000 years BC Traces of Neanderthals in Slovakia.
Almost 5,000 years BC Installation of the first farmers.
16th century BC First stone town, ruins discovered at Myšia hôrka.
The Barbarian Tribes and the Roman Empire
3rd-1st centuries BC Installation of the Celts on the territory of Slovakia.
1st-4th centuries AD Proximity to the Roman Empire and the Roman Limes. Settlement of the Germans in Western Slovakia.
5th century The Huns invade the Danubian region.
5th and 6th centuries Arrival of the Slavs.
Second half of the 6th century Invasion of the Avars.

The Samo Empire and Great Moravia[edit | edit source]

623-658 Union of Slavic Tribes, "Samo Empire".
Around 800 Birth of the principality of Moravia and Nitra.
828 Consecration of a Christian church in Nitra.
833 Birth of Great Moravia.
863 Arrival of the brothers Cyrille and Method in Great Moravia.
870-894 Reign of Svätopluk in Great Moravia.
896 Arrival of the Magyars in the Danubian basin.
907 Victory of the Magyars over the Bavarians at the foot of Bratislava Castle.

The construction of the Hungarian kingdom[edit | edit source]

10th century until 1105 Nitra becomes a prerogative of the Hungarian state.
997-1038 Reign of King Stephen I (Saint Stephen), King of Hungary.
1150 Arrival of the first German settlers in the region of Spiš.
1238 Granting of urban privileges to Trnava.
1241-1242 Attack of the Tartars (Mongols), construction of the main stone fortresses.
1301 Extinction of the Arpad dynasty.
1301-1342 Reign of the Anjou dynasty on the throne of Hungary.
1387 The Luxembourg dynasty seizes the throne of Hungary.
1467-1490 Opening of the University of Bratislava, closed on the death of its founder.
1517 The sculptor Maître Pavol finishes the altarpiece of the Church of St. Jakub in Levoča.

Slovakia at the heart of the Kingdom of Hungary[edit | edit source]

1526 Defeat of the Hungarians on the Turks at Moháč where King Louis II is killed, Ferdinand I of Habsburg becomes King of Hungary.
1530 First attack by the Turks on the territory of Slovakia.
1536 Presbourg becomes the capital, invested by the Hungarian Diet.
1593-1606 War against the Turks.
1604-1606 Uprising of the Hungarian nobles led by Etienne Bocskai against the central power in Vienna.
1619-1626 Uprising of Gabriel Bethlen.
1635 The University of Trnava is founded by Cardinal Peter Pázmany.
1644-1645 Uprising of George I Rákóczi.
1683 Defeat of the Turks before the imperial army aided by the reinforcement of the Polish army in Vienna. End of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in Europe.
1703-1711 Uprising of François II Rákóczi.
1740-1780 Reigns of Marie-Thérèse and her son Joseph II, who are at the origin of avant-garde social reforms and changes, such as the educational reform in 1777.
1781 Edict of tolerance of Joseph II.
1785 Abolition by Joseph II of serfdom in Hungary.

The national awakening[edit | edit source]

1787 Bernolák codification of written Slovak.
1805-1809 Napoleonic battles. The Peace of Pressburg (Bratislava) was signed in December 1805 after the battle of the three emperors at Austerlitz.
1843 Codification of Slovak written by Ľudovít Štúr.
March 1848 Abolition of feudal easements in Hungary.
May 1848 Presentation of the demands of the Slovak people to Liptovský Mikulaš.
September 1848 Formation of the Slovak National Council in Vienna. An armed Slovak troop is formed for the first time.
1861 Adoption of the Memorandum of the Slovak nation to Martin.
1863 Foundation of the Matica slovenská, the first institution for the development of Slovak education and culture.
1867 Oppression of the Slovaks by the Hungarians.
1874-1875 Suppression by the power of Slovak high schools.
1875 Ban on Matica slovenská.
1884-1901 The Slovak National Party advocates abstention from elections in response to oppression by the administration.
1905 Birth of the Slovak Social Democratic Party.
1913 Birth of the Slovak People's Party.
1914 Memorandum from the Slovak League to the United States on the separation from Hungary.

The First Czechoslovak Republic[edit | edit source]

1915 Signature of the Cleveland agreements in the United States by representatives of Czech and Slovak organizations.
1916 Birth of the Czechoslovak National Council in Paris.
May 1918 The Slovak National Council decides to unite with the Czechs in Martin.
May 1918 Signature of the Pittsburgh agreements in the United States by Tomáš Masaryk with Slovak emigrants in the United States, guaranteeing Slovakia an autonomous status in the future Czechoslovakia.
October 28, 1918 Declaration of the independence of Czechoslovakia in Prague.
October 1918 Martin Accord: break with Hungary.
From May to July 1919 Fighting against the Hungarian Republic advice.
1920 First constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic.
1920 Signature of the peace treaty with Hungary at the Trianon, near Paris.
1922 First proposal for Slovakia's autonomy in Parliament by the populist party.
June 1938 New autonomy proposal by the populist Hlinka party.

Slovakia under the control of the Nazis[edit | edit source]

September 30, 1938 Munich Diktat. This allows Hitler to annex the regions of Czechoslovakia populated by Germans. The death of Czechoslovakia as an independent state is sealed.
October 6, 1938 Slovakia's declaration of autonomy in Žilina.
November 2, 1938 Cession of southern Slovakia to Hungary, arbitrated by Vienna.
March 1939 Signature of the protection treaty between Slovakia and the German Reich. The independent Slovak Republic is proclaimed, presided over by the Catholic priest Jozef Tiso.
September 1939 Participation of the Slovak army with the Nazis in the war against Poland.
1940 The Slovak Republic joins the Three Axis Pact Pact.
1941 Entry into the war against the USSR. Drafting of the Jewish Code, all anti-Jewish laws and provisions.
1941 Deportation of Jews to Polish concentration camps.
1943 Creation of the Slovak National Council.
August 29, 1944 Uprising of the Slovak resistance in Banská Bystrica against the occupier. This insurrection is put down in the blood.
October 6, 1944 Arrival of the Red Army in Slovakia, the country's liberation begins.

Communist Czechoslovakia[edit | edit source]

April 5, 1945 Proclamation of the Czechoslovak government's Košice program.
Autumn 1947 The Slovak Communists lose the elections, unlike in the Czech Republic. Despite this, the country came under the rule of the Communists of the Soviet Union in February 1948.
February 25, 1948 Beginning of the Communist dictatorship of Czechoslovakia.
August 21, 1968 Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček's attempt to democratize state and society is suppressed by force. Warsaw Pact troops enter Czechoslovakia to quell the rebellion.

From the velvet revolution to the velvet divorce[edit | edit source]

November 16, 1989 Student demonstration in Bratislava.
November 27, 1989 General strike.
December 1989 Resignation of the President of the Republic Gustáv Husák. Václav Havel becomes the first President of the Czechoslovak Republic, the road to democracy and pluralism opens.
1990 The state is renamed the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, under the protection of Václav Havel.
June 1992 First democratic elections since 1948, won in Slovakia by the HZDS, the ultra-nationalist and populist left party of Vladimír Mečiar, which opens the breach towards independence.
July 17, 1992 The Slovak National Council adopts Slovakia's Declaration of Sovereignty.
September 1, 1992 Adoption of the Slovak Constitution.
25 November 1992 Law of the Federal Assembly on the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.
January 1, 1993 Birth of the Slovak Republic, two months after Michal Kovàč was elected President and Vladimir Mečiar was appointed Prime Minister.
March 1994 Vote of no confidence in the Slovak Parliament, Mečiar must resign, a provisional government led by Jozef Moravčik is set up.
September 1994 Legislative elections won by the HZDS, Vladimir Mečiar becomes Prime Minister again.

Slovakia today[edit | edit source]

September 1998 Legislative elections, the opposition wins. Mikuláš Dzurinda, from the Slovak Democratic Coalition, (SDK - center right) becomes Prime Minister.
May 1999 Election of Rudolf Schuster as President of the Republic.
2002 After the legislative elections, Mikuláš Dzurinda is reappointed to his post of Prime Minister.
March 2004 Slovakia joins NATO.
April 2004 Ivan Gasparovič wins the presidential elections.
May 1, 2004 Slovakia becomes a member of the European Union.
June 2006 Early general elections, Robert Fico, from the social democratic party SMER, wins and becomes Prime Minister.
Christmas 2007 Slovakia's entry into the Schengen area.
January 1, 2009 Slovakia changes currency and changes to the euro.
June 2009 Presidential elections, Ivan Gasparovič is re-elected (he beats Iveta Radičová in the second round).
June 2010 Legislative elections, Robert Fico's SMER-SD party wins but fails to form a coalition. Iveta Radičová becomes Prime Minister of the center-right opposition coalition.
2012 Failure of the opposition coalition. Early general elections won by the social democratic party SMER-SD. Robert Fico is elected by absolute majority and regains the post of Prime Minister.
2013 Košice is European capital of culture with Marseille.
2014 Andrej Kiska, independent businessman, wins the presidential election with 59.4% of the votes cast. Roberto Fico, his unfortunate second-round opponent, however, remains president of the government.
2015 The year was marked by the strong opposition of Slovakia and Hungary to the EU in the management of the problem of migrants from Syria, Iraq, Africa and the Middle East.
2016 Legislative elections, SMER-SD wins, Robert Fico forms a coalition and keeps his post of Prime Minister.
2016 July / December Slovakia takes over the rotating presidency of the European Union.

Sources[edit | edit source]

World Timelines[edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

Slovak Culture: Top 5 Values in Slovakia - YouTube[edit | edit source]

10 Things That Mean You Are a Slovak - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Slovak Food Review - 5 Things to try in Bratislava, Slovakia - YouTube[edit | edit source]

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