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==Somalia Timeline==
==Somalia Timeline==


{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |1887 - 2004
|-
|1887
|creation of Somaliland, a British  protectorate, in this region disputed since the 19th century between Egypt,  Great Britain and Italy.
|-
|1905
|birth of Italian Somalia.
|-
|1936
|with Ethiopia and Eritrea, Somalia is integrated into  Mussolini's Italian East Africa.
|-
|1940
|Great  Britain evacuates Somaliland ...
|-
|1941
|... then reoccupies it, as well as Italian Somalia and the  Ogaden (Ethiopia). She will administer this set for 9 years.
|-
|1948
|Great  Britain cedes the Ogaden to Ethiopia.
|-
|1950
|the UN places the country under Italian supervision.
|-
|1960
|proclamation of independence.
|-
|1969
|General Syad Barre seizes power.
|-
|1975
|Somalia  lines up with the Soviet camp in exchange for military aid.
|-
|1977-78
|the "Ogaden war" against Ethiopia, supported by the  USSR, ends in failure for Somalia. This breaks with Moscow.
|-
|1990
|the capital rises against the dictator Syad Barre.
|-
|January 1991
|General Syad Barre is overthrown by the Congressional rebels  of Unified Somalia. Ali Mahdi Mohamed becomes head of state.
|-
|May 1991
|The Somali National Movement proclaims the independence of  Somaliland (former British Somalia).
|-
|November 1991
|Ali Mahdi Mohamed is overthrown by his ally, General Mohamed  Farah Aïdid
|-
|1991-1992
|clashes between clans and a catastrophic drought cause severe  famine.
|-
|December 1992
|George Bush (father) launches the military-humanitarian  operation "Restore Hope", placed under the aegis of the UN. It will  count up to 38,000 men, including 28,000 Americans.
|-
|May 1993
|the United Nations takes over (Onusom II).
|-
|June 1993
|An ambush kills 24 among the peacekeepers. The UN launches an  offensive against General Aidid.
|-
|October 1993
|18 American soldiers are killed. President Bill Clinton  announces the gradual withdrawal of American troops.
|-
|March 1994
|departure of the last American soldiers.
|-
|1995
|end of the withdrawal of the last 8,000 peacekeepers. The  country is divided into several regions controlled by military factions that  fight each other.
|-
|1996
|Hussein Mohamed Aïdid succeeds his father upon the latter's  death.
|-
|1998
|Puntland (northeast of the country) proclaims itself an  autonomous region.
|-
|2000
|the Arta conference, under the aegis of the UN, is as  fruitless as the twelve previous peace agreements.
|-
|2002
|opening of a new national reconciliation conference in  Eldoret, under the aegis of IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority for  Development, regional organization of the Horn of Africa).
|-
|July 2003
|the Reconciliation Conference leads to a draft national  charter providing for federalism.
|-
| colspan="2" |2004
|-
|January
|an agreement between the warlords leads to the creation of an  interim parliament.
|-
|August
|the transitional parliament is inaugurated in Nairobi (Kenya),  place of talks, the security conditions not being met for it to sit in  Somalia.
|-
|October
|Abdullai Yusuf Ahmed, President of the Puntland Regional  State, is elected President of Somalia by parliamentarians meeting in  Nairobi.
|-
|November
|the new president appoints a prime minister, Ali Mohamed Gedi.
|-
| colspan="2" |The International Maritime Bureau  is concerned about the significant increase since the start of the year in  acts of piracy off the coast of Somalia.
|-
|May 2005
|Visiting Mogadishu, Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Gedi escapes  an attack that kills 15 people.
|-
| colspan="2" |2006
|-
|February
|Creation in Mogadishu of an "Alliance for the Restoration  of Peace and Against Terrorism" (ARPCT) by ministers and warlords  supported by the United States.
|-
| colspan="2" |Somali Transitional Parliament  meets in Baidoa, opening its first session in Somalia since returning from  exile from Kenya.
|-
|March
|start of violent clashes between warlords grouped in the ARPCT  and militiamen from the "Union of Islamic Courts" in Mogadishu.
|-
|June
|after four months of fighting, militias from Islamic courts  take Mogadishu. Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys is appointed head of the Council of  Islamic Courts.
|-
|July
|Hassan Dahir Aweys calls for a "holy war" against  Ethiopia, which supports the transitional government taking refuge in Baidoa.
|-
|September 4
|Transitional government (TFG) and Islamic courts sign a  provisional peace agreement. The African Union adopts a plan for the  deployment of an Intergovernmental Development Authority (IGAD) peace force,  bringing together seven East African countries.
|-
|September 24
|Kisimayo,  Somalia's third largest city, falls into the hands of Islamist fighters.
|-
|November 1
|Peace talks between the transitional government and the  Islamic courts, which control a third of Somalia, fail.
|-
|December 24
|Ethiopia  officially announces its entry into the war and bombs positions held by  Islamic courts.
|-
|December 28
|Ethiopian troops enter Mogadishu; the fighters of the Islamic  Courts flee and fall back on Kisimayo, stronghold of the most radical wing of  the movement, the "Chebab".
|-
| colspan="2" |2007
|-
|January 1
|Islamists flee the port of Kisimayo, the last bastion they  controlled, in the face of advancing Ethiopian troops.
|-
|January 7
|start of a series of American raids in the south of the  country against Islamists linked, according to Washington, to Al-Qaida.
|-
|February 20
|The UN Security Council approves the deployment of an African  stabilization force (Amisom) which should ultimately be made up of more than  8,000 men.
|-
|March
|surge of guerrilla warfare in Mogadishu; deployment of the  first 370 Ugandan soldiers from Amisom, the African Union force.
|-
| colspan="2" |Official installation in the  capital of the government, until then confined to Baidoa, a city in the  center of the country.
|-
|April
|after a truce of a few weeks, fighting resumes in Mogadishu.  Ethiopian and government troops drive out Islamist fighters from the northern  neighborhoods of the city. According to the UNHCR, the fighting left more  than 1,000 civilian victims and 350,000 displaced.
|-
|July-August
|national reconciliation conference, organized by the  transitional government (TFG) without the Islamists.
|-
|September
|gathered in Asmara under the leadership of Eritreans, sworn  enemies of Ethiopia, opponents of the TFG form an Alliance for a New  Liberation of Somalia (ARS).
|-
| colspan="2" |After four months of a war of  harassment, radical Islamists (Chebab) are launching a new offensive on  Mogadishu.
|-
|October
|Addis  Ababa troops disperse in blood a demonstration composed mainly of women and  children protesting against the Ethiopian occupation.
|-
| colspan="2" |The number of Somalis dependent on  humanitarian aid reaches 1.5 million, double that of January; 3 million  people are refugees abroad.
|-
|November
|According to the UN special envoy, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, the  humanitarian crisis in Somalia is the worst in all of Africa.
|-
| colspan="2" |2008
|-
|April
|violent clashes kill dozens of people in Mogadishu. The embryo  of the African Union peacekeeping force (2,600 out of the 8,000 planned) is  paralyzed.
|-
| colspan="2" |Hostage-taking, off Somalia, of a  French yacht, the "Ponant".
|-
|May 1
|an American raid in the north of the country kills dozens of  people, including Aden Hashi Farah "Ayro", one of the main Islamist  leaders.
|-
|June 2
|The UN authorizes the use of force against pirates in Somalia.
|-
|June 9
|a new peace agreement is concluded in Djibouti, under the  aegis of the UN, between the interim government and part of the opposition.  The hardest fringe (led by Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys, former leader of the  Islamic Courts) which demands the prior departure of Ethiopian troops,  rejects this agreement.
|-
|August 22
|the Islamists retake Kisimayo, the country's second city.
|-
|October
|Three NATO ships begin patrolling the coast of Somalia for an  escort and deterrence mission against pirates raging in the region.
|-
|October 25
|Pirates take control of a Ukrainian ship loaded with weapons.
|-
|October 26
|the government and the moderate Islamist opposition agree on  the entry into force of the ceasefire on November 5 and on the gradual  withdrawal by early 2009 of the Ethiopian troops present since 2006.
|-
|November 12
|Radical Islamists seize the port city of Merka (100 km  southwest of Mogadishu), one of the main transit centers for humanitarian  aid.
|-
|November 15
|Somali President Abdullahi Yousouf Ahmed acknowledges that the  government controls Mogadishu and Baidoa, but that "the Islamists have  taken control of everything else".
|-
|November 17
|A Saudi supertanker loaded with 2 million barrels of crude  falls into the hands of Somali pirates in the Indian Ocean.
|-
|December 29
|resignation of the transitional president, Abdullahi Yusuf  Ahmed. Disowned by the international community, he tried to dismiss Prime  Minister Nour Hassan Hussein who intended to integrate "moderate  Islamists" into his government in order to isolate the radicals  (Chebabs).
|-
| colspan="2" |2009
|-
|January 25
|Ethiopia  announces that it has completed the withdrawal of its troops.
|-
|January 26
|a new Parliament, enlarged to include moderate Islamists and  civil society, is sworn in in Djibouti, where it meets due to insecurity in  Mogadishu. At the same time, radical Islamists (Chebabs) claim to have taken  the city of Baidoa.
|-
|January 30
|Sharif Cheikh Ahmed, "moderate Islamist", former  head of the Islamic Courts is elected president by the Transitional  Parliament.
|-
|April 18
|establishment of Sharia (Islamic law).
|-
|January 31
|Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, the leader of the "moderate  Islamists", is elected president.
|-
|April 23
|A donors' conference in Brussels decides to raise $ 213  million to help Somalia rebuild.
|-
|May
|Radical Islamists (Chebab) launch a new offensive on  Mogadishu.
|-
|June 19
|the President of Parliament calls on neighboring countries to  intervene militarily to counter the advance of radical Islamists.
|-
|July
|More than 200,000 residents of Mogadishu fled the fighting in  two months, says UNHCR.
|-
|August
|Burundi  sends an additional battalion to Amisom, increasing the strength of the  African Union force to 5,000 men.
|-
|September
|the Chebab pledge allegiance to Al-Qaida.
|-
|October
|the Chebab take control of the port of Kisimayo.
|-
|December
|the Chebab deny being the perpetrators of an attack that  claimed the lives of 24 people, including 3 ministers. Hundreds of people  demonstrate in Mogadishu to denounce the violence of Islamist insurgents, an  unprecedented rally in the warring Somali capital.
|-
| colspan="2" |2010
|-
|July
|The Chebab claim responsibility for an attack that kills 73 in  Kampala, Uganda.
|-
|August
|Islamist insurgents launch a vast offensive against government  forces and African Union troops (Amisom). On the 25th, the insurgents  organized a suicide attack in a hotel in Mogadishu, near the presidential  palace. At least 30 people, including six MPs, are killed, as heavy weapons  fighting continues in the city.
|-
| colspan="2" |2011
|-
|Juin 
|les ONG alertent l'opinion sur la famine qui menace la Somalie  en raison d'une sécheresse exceptionnelle dans la Corne de l'Afrique. En  juillet, l'ONU demande une aide d'urgence pour affronter la famine. des  dizaines de milliers de Somaliens se réfugient en Ethopie et au Kenya.
|-
|Août 
|les Chebab, qui contrôlaient la moitié de la ville, quittent  Mogadiscio où sont venus se réfugier 100.000 Somaliens fuyant la sécheresse  et la famine.
|-
|Septembre-Octobre
|4 ressortissantes étrangères sont enlevées au Kenya. Nairobi  incrimine les Chebab.
|-
|Octobre
|le Kenya lance une offensive dans le sud de la Somalie.
|-
|2011
|
|-
|June
|NGOs alert public opinion to the famine threatening Somalia  due to an exceptional drought in the Horn of Africa. In July, the UN calls  for emergency aid to cope with the famine. tens of thousands of Somalis take  refuge in Ethopia and Kenya.
|-
|August
|the Chebab, who controlled half of the city, leave Mogadishu  where 100,000 Somalis have taken refuge fleeing drought and famine.
|-
|September-October
|4 foreign nationals are kidnapped in Kenya. Nairobi blames the  Chebab.
|-
|October
|Kenya launches an offensive in southern Somalia.
|}


==Sources==
==Sources==

Revision as of 22:42, 10 January 2022

Historical Timeline for Somalia - A chronology of key events
Somalia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Somalia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg

Somalia Timeline

1887 - 2004
1887 creation of Somaliland, a British protectorate, in this region disputed since the 19th century between Egypt, Great Britain and Italy.
1905 birth of Italian Somalia.
1936 with Ethiopia and Eritrea, Somalia is integrated into Mussolini's Italian East Africa.
1940 Great Britain evacuates Somaliland ...
1941 ... then reoccupies it, as well as Italian Somalia and the Ogaden (Ethiopia). She will administer this set for 9 years.
1948 Great Britain cedes the Ogaden to Ethiopia.
1950 the UN places the country under Italian supervision.
1960 proclamation of independence.
1969 General Syad Barre seizes power.
1975 Somalia lines up with the Soviet camp in exchange for military aid.
1977-78 the "Ogaden war" against Ethiopia, supported by the USSR, ends in failure for Somalia. This breaks with Moscow.
1990 the capital rises against the dictator Syad Barre.
January 1991 General Syad Barre is overthrown by the Congressional rebels of Unified Somalia. Ali Mahdi Mohamed becomes head of state.
May 1991 The Somali National Movement proclaims the independence of Somaliland (former British Somalia).
November 1991 Ali Mahdi Mohamed is overthrown by his ally, General Mohamed Farah Aïdid
1991-1992 clashes between clans and a catastrophic drought cause severe famine.
December 1992 George Bush (father) launches the military-humanitarian operation "Restore Hope", placed under the aegis of the UN. It will count up to 38,000 men, including 28,000 Americans.
May 1993 the United Nations takes over (Onusom II).
June 1993 An ambush kills 24 among the peacekeepers. The UN launches an offensive against General Aidid.
October 1993 18 American soldiers are killed. President Bill Clinton announces the gradual withdrawal of American troops.
March 1994 departure of the last American soldiers.
1995 end of the withdrawal of the last 8,000 peacekeepers. The country is divided into several regions controlled by military factions that fight each other.
1996 Hussein Mohamed Aïdid succeeds his father upon the latter's death.
1998 Puntland (northeast of the country) proclaims itself an autonomous region.
2000 the Arta conference, under the aegis of the UN, is as fruitless as the twelve previous peace agreements.
2002 opening of a new national reconciliation conference in Eldoret, under the aegis of IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority for Development, regional organization of the Horn of Africa).
July 2003 the Reconciliation Conference leads to a draft national charter providing for federalism.
2004
January an agreement between the warlords leads to the creation of an interim parliament.
August the transitional parliament is inaugurated in Nairobi (Kenya), place of talks, the security conditions not being met for it to sit in Somalia.
October Abdullai Yusuf Ahmed, President of the Puntland Regional State, is elected President of Somalia by parliamentarians meeting in Nairobi.
November the new president appoints a prime minister, Ali Mohamed Gedi.
The International Maritime Bureau is concerned about the significant increase since the start of the year in acts of piracy off the coast of Somalia.
May 2005 Visiting Mogadishu, Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Gedi escapes an attack that kills 15 people.
2006
February Creation in Mogadishu of an "Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Against Terrorism" (ARPCT) by ministers and warlords supported by the United States.
Somali Transitional Parliament meets in Baidoa, opening its first session in Somalia since returning from exile from Kenya.
March start of violent clashes between warlords grouped in the ARPCT and militiamen from the "Union of Islamic Courts" in Mogadishu.
June after four months of fighting, militias from Islamic courts take Mogadishu. Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys is appointed head of the Council of Islamic Courts.
July Hassan Dahir Aweys calls for a "holy war" against Ethiopia, which supports the transitional government taking refuge in Baidoa.
September 4 Transitional government (TFG) and Islamic courts sign a provisional peace agreement. The African Union adopts a plan for the deployment of an Intergovernmental Development Authority (IGAD) peace force, bringing together seven East African countries.
September 24 Kisimayo, Somalia's third largest city, falls into the hands of Islamist fighters.
November 1 Peace talks between the transitional government and the Islamic courts, which control a third of Somalia, fail.
December 24 Ethiopia officially announces its entry into the war and bombs positions held by Islamic courts.
December 28 Ethiopian troops enter Mogadishu; the fighters of the Islamic Courts flee and fall back on Kisimayo, stronghold of the most radical wing of the movement, the "Chebab".
2007
January 1 Islamists flee the port of Kisimayo, the last bastion they controlled, in the face of advancing Ethiopian troops.
January 7 start of a series of American raids in the south of the country against Islamists linked, according to Washington, to Al-Qaida.
February 20 The UN Security Council approves the deployment of an African stabilization force (Amisom) which should ultimately be made up of more than 8,000 men.
March surge of guerrilla warfare in Mogadishu; deployment of the first 370 Ugandan soldiers from Amisom, the African Union force.
Official installation in the capital of the government, until then confined to Baidoa, a city in the center of the country.
April after a truce of a few weeks, fighting resumes in Mogadishu. Ethiopian and government troops drive out Islamist fighters from the northern neighborhoods of the city. According to the UNHCR, the fighting left more than 1,000 civilian victims and 350,000 displaced.
July-August national reconciliation conference, organized by the transitional government (TFG) without the Islamists.
September gathered in Asmara under the leadership of Eritreans, sworn enemies of Ethiopia, opponents of the TFG form an Alliance for a New Liberation of Somalia (ARS).
After four months of a war of harassment, radical Islamists (Chebab) are launching a new offensive on Mogadishu.
October Addis Ababa troops disperse in blood a demonstration composed mainly of women and children protesting against the Ethiopian occupation.
The number of Somalis dependent on humanitarian aid reaches 1.5 million, double that of January; 3 million people are refugees abroad.
November According to the UN special envoy, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, the humanitarian crisis in Somalia is the worst in all of Africa.
2008
April violent clashes kill dozens of people in Mogadishu. The embryo of the African Union peacekeeping force (2,600 out of the 8,000 planned) is paralyzed.
Hostage-taking, off Somalia, of a French yacht, the "Ponant".
May 1 an American raid in the north of the country kills dozens of people, including Aden Hashi Farah "Ayro", one of the main Islamist leaders.
June 2 The UN authorizes the use of force against pirates in Somalia.
June 9 a new peace agreement is concluded in Djibouti, under the aegis of the UN, between the interim government and part of the opposition. The hardest fringe (led by Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys, former leader of the Islamic Courts) which demands the prior departure of Ethiopian troops, rejects this agreement.
August 22 the Islamists retake Kisimayo, the country's second city.
October Three NATO ships begin patrolling the coast of Somalia for an escort and deterrence mission against pirates raging in the region.
October 25 Pirates take control of a Ukrainian ship loaded with weapons.
October 26 the government and the moderate Islamist opposition agree on the entry into force of the ceasefire on November 5 and on the gradual withdrawal by early 2009 of the Ethiopian troops present since 2006.
November 12 Radical Islamists seize the port city of Merka (100 km southwest of Mogadishu), one of the main transit centers for humanitarian aid.
November 15 Somali President Abdullahi Yousouf Ahmed acknowledges that the government controls Mogadishu and Baidoa, but that "the Islamists have taken control of everything else".
November 17 A Saudi supertanker loaded with 2 million barrels of crude falls into the hands of Somali pirates in the Indian Ocean.
December 29 resignation of the transitional president, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed. Disowned by the international community, he tried to dismiss Prime Minister Nour Hassan Hussein who intended to integrate "moderate Islamists" into his government in order to isolate the radicals (Chebabs).
2009
January 25 Ethiopia announces that it has completed the withdrawal of its troops.
January 26 a new Parliament, enlarged to include moderate Islamists and civil society, is sworn in in Djibouti, where it meets due to insecurity in Mogadishu. At the same time, radical Islamists (Chebabs) claim to have taken the city of Baidoa.
January 30 Sharif Cheikh Ahmed, "moderate Islamist", former head of the Islamic Courts is elected president by the Transitional Parliament.
April 18 establishment of Sharia (Islamic law).
January 31 Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, the leader of the "moderate Islamists", is elected president.
April 23 A donors' conference in Brussels decides to raise $ 213 million to help Somalia rebuild.
May Radical Islamists (Chebab) launch a new offensive on Mogadishu.
June 19 the President of Parliament calls on neighboring countries to intervene militarily to counter the advance of radical Islamists.
July More than 200,000 residents of Mogadishu fled the fighting in two months, says UNHCR.
August Burundi sends an additional battalion to Amisom, increasing the strength of the African Union force to 5,000 men.
September the Chebab pledge allegiance to Al-Qaida.
October the Chebab take control of the port of Kisimayo.
December the Chebab deny being the perpetrators of an attack that claimed the lives of 24 people, including 3 ministers. Hundreds of people demonstrate in Mogadishu to denounce the violence of Islamist insurgents, an unprecedented rally in the warring Somali capital.
2010
July The Chebab claim responsibility for an attack that kills 73 in Kampala, Uganda.
August Islamist insurgents launch a vast offensive against government forces and African Union troops (Amisom). On the 25th, the insurgents organized a suicide attack in a hotel in Mogadishu, near the presidential palace. At least 30 people, including six MPs, are killed, as heavy weapons fighting continues in the city.
2011
Juin  les ONG alertent l'opinion sur la famine qui menace la Somalie en raison d'une sécheresse exceptionnelle dans la Corne de l'Afrique. En juillet, l'ONU demande une aide d'urgence pour affronter la famine. des dizaines de milliers de Somaliens se réfugient en Ethopie et au Kenya.
Août  les Chebab, qui contrôlaient la moitié de la ville, quittent Mogadiscio où sont venus se réfugier 100.000 Somaliens fuyant la sécheresse et la famine.
Septembre-Octobre 4 ressortissantes étrangères sont enlevées au Kenya. Nairobi incrimine les Chebab.
Octobre le Kenya lance une offensive dans le sud de la Somalie.
2011
June NGOs alert public opinion to the famine threatening Somalia due to an exceptional drought in the Horn of Africa. In July, the UN calls for emergency aid to cope with the famine. tens of thousands of Somalis take refuge in Ethopia and Kenya.
August the Chebab, who controlled half of the city, leave Mogadishu where 100,000 Somalis have taken refuge fleeing drought and famine.
September-October 4 foreign nationals are kidnapped in Kenya. Nairobi blames the Chebab.
October Kenya launches an offensive in southern Somalia.

Sources

World Timelines

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