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==Ghana Timeline==
==Ghana Timeline==


{| class="wikitable"
|Date
|Event
|-
|3rd  century
|start of  the Ghana Empire.
|-
|1456
|arrival  of the Portuguese in the Gulf of Guinea.
|-
|1482
|foundation  of Elmina Castle (Fort São Jorge).
|-
|1503
|first  Portuguese castle in Axim.
|-
|17th  century
|unification  of the Adanse kingdom; competition between chartered companies from the  Netherlands, England, Sweden, Denmark, France and Brandenburg; construction  of forts on the coast, especially for the gold trade and the slave trade.
|-
|1631
|capture  of Elmina by the Dutch.
|-
|1650-1652
|construction  of the Swedish fort Carolusburg in Cape Coast.
|-
|1665
|the  English take Cape Coast Castle.
|-
|1680
|the  Akwamu seize Accra and Christianborg.
|-
|1695
|enthronement  of Osei Tutu, rise of Ashanti until 1775.
|-
|1725-1730
|decline of the Akwamu.
|-
|1741
|construction  of Fort Fridensborg in Ningo.
|-
|1756
|French attack on Cape Coast.
|-
|1800
|decline of European trade.
|-
|1807-1874
|Ashanti  war.
|-
|1827
|battle of Akatamanso, Ashanti defeat, treaty of 1827.
|-
|1831
|the Ashanti abandon by treaty all their southern  territories.
|-
|1843
|Foreign  Juridiction Act, colonial appropriation of the Gold Coast.
|-
|1850
|departure of the Danes.
|-
|1851
|Treaty of Fomena: the Ashanti abandon their claims on  southern territories.
|-
|1865
|the Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Gambia and Lagos are grouped  together.
|-
|1872
|purchase of the Dutch possessions by England.
|-
|1873
|Ashanti  invasion; the English take Kumasi (Sagrenti War).
|-
|1877
|transfer of the English headquarters from Cape Coast to  Accra.
|-
|1896
|attack by Sir Francis Scott's expeditionary force on  Kumasi.
|-
|1898
|French and English settlers in Paris draw the contours of  the Ivory Coast, Upper Volta and the "northern territories".
|-
|1901
|Ashanti  becomes a British colony.
|-
|1919
|the League of Nations places Togoland under British  mandate.
|-
|1925
|creation of a council of supreme chiefs in the western, central  and eastern regions.
|-
|1947
|Dr Kwame Nkrumah is appointed Secretary General of the  United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC).
|-
|June 1949
|Nkrumah leaves the UGCC to found the Convention People's  Party.
|-
|1956
|vote for the annexation of Togoland to the Gold Coast.
|-
|March 6,  1957
|independence of the Gold Coast which becomes Ghana. Kwame  Nkrumah (1909-1972), known as Osagyefo (the redeemer) becomes Governor  General and Prime Minister.
|-
|July 1,  1960
|proclamation of the Republic of Ghana, Nkrumah becomes  president.
|-
|September  1965
|start of construction of the Akosombo dam.
|-
|January  26, 1964
|referendum: Nkrumah's party (CPP) becomes single party.
|-
|February  24, 1966
|Nkrumah is overthrown by the military during his absence,  Joseph Ankrah becomes president.
|-
|April 17,  1967
|a coup against General Ankrah fails.
|-
|April  1969
|General Afrifa replaces Ankrah, embroiled in a breach of  trust affair.
|-
|August  31, 1970
|Edward Akufo-Addo (born 1906) is appointed president  (previously the presidency was held by a college of three).
|-
|January  13, 1972
|General Acheampong arrives at the head of the National  Redemption Party (NRC).
|-
|April 27,  1972
|death of Nkrumah and state funeral in Ghana.
|-
|July 5,  1978
|coup d'etat by Lieutenant General Frederick Akuffo.
|-
|May 16,  1979
|Captain Rawlings arrested after a failed coup.
|-
|June 4,  1979
|1st "coup" of J. Rawlings (born June 22, 1947,  son of a Scotsman) at the head of the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council  (AFRC).
|-
|June 16,  1979
|execution of the generals.
|-
|June 1979
|clashes between Kokomba and Namumba cause 1,500 deaths,  economic crisis.
|-
|July 1979
|Hilla Limann (born in 1934) becomes president.
|-
|December  30 and 31, 1981
|Rawlings' second "coup" at the head of the PNDC,  political parties are banned.
|-
|1982
|10,000 teachers go into exile.
|-
|1983
|conditional aid from the IMF and the World Bank.
|-
|March 27, 1984
|a coup d'etat fails.
|-
|1985
|Rawlings assassination attempts.
|-
|November  1985
|clashes between Moba and Kokomba.
|-
|1986
|project of a Ghana-Burkina Faso federation.
|-
|February  28, 1992
|referendum for pluralism (92.6% yes).
|-
|November  3, 1992
|presidential elections, Rawlings becomes president  (elected in the first round with 58.3% of the vote).
|-
|1993
|arrival of around 100,000 Togolese refugees.
|-
|February  and March 1994
|clashes in the northeast of the country: 1,000 dead,  150,000 displaced, 250 villages burned.
|-
|March  1995
|demonstrations following the introduction of VAT at 17.5%.
|-
|December  7, 1996
|re-election of Rawlings with 57.2% of the vote.
|-
|January  7, 2000
|election of John Agyegoum Kufuor who will be reelected  four years later.
|-
|September  29, 2006
|Ghana  joins the Francophonie.
|-
|January  2009
|John Atta Mills, from the opposition National Democratic Congress  party, wins the elections against the party in place, without clashes.
|-
|2010
|Ghana  reach the quarter-finals at the FIFA World Cup in South Africa.
|-
|July 2012
|the sudden death of John Atta Mills, while serving as President  of Ghana, then 68 years old.
|-
|December  2012
|election of John Dramani Mahama, 55, a writer who released  his first book the same year entitled My First Coup d'Etat: And Other True  Stories from the Lost Decades of Africa.
|-
|March 29,  2014
|Ghanaian President John Dramani Mahama takes the helm of  the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), whose presidency is  leaving Yamoussoukro for Accra.
|-
|December  2016
|Facing outgoing President John Dramani Mahama, Nana  Akufo-Addo of the New Patriotic Party wins the presidential election with  53.85% of the vote. He officially takes office on January 7, 2017.
|}


==Source==
==Source==

Revision as of 20:01, 15 December 2021

Historical Timeline for Ghana - A chronology of key events
Ghana-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Senya-beraku-Ghana-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg

Ghana Timeline

Date Event
3rd century start of the Ghana Empire.
1456 arrival of the Portuguese in the Gulf of Guinea.
1482 foundation of Elmina Castle (Fort São Jorge).
1503 first Portuguese castle in Axim.
17th century unification of the Adanse kingdom; competition between chartered companies from the Netherlands, England, Sweden, Denmark, France and Brandenburg; construction of forts on the coast, especially for the gold trade and the slave trade.
1631 capture of Elmina by the Dutch.
1650-1652 construction of the Swedish fort Carolusburg in Cape Coast.
1665 the English take Cape Coast Castle.
1680 the Akwamu seize Accra and Christianborg.
1695 enthronement of Osei Tutu, rise of Ashanti until 1775.
1725-1730 decline of the Akwamu.
1741 construction of Fort Fridensborg in Ningo.
1756 French attack on Cape Coast.
1800 decline of European trade.
1807-1874 Ashanti war.
1827 battle of Akatamanso, Ashanti defeat, treaty of 1827.
1831 the Ashanti abandon by treaty all their southern territories.
1843 Foreign Juridiction Act, colonial appropriation of the Gold Coast.
1850 departure of the Danes.
1851 Treaty of Fomena: the Ashanti abandon their claims on southern territories.
1865 the Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Gambia and Lagos are grouped together.
1872 purchase of the Dutch possessions by England.
1873 Ashanti invasion; the English take Kumasi (Sagrenti War).
1877 transfer of the English headquarters from Cape Coast to Accra.
1896 attack by Sir Francis Scott's expeditionary force on Kumasi.
1898 French and English settlers in Paris draw the contours of the Ivory Coast, Upper Volta and the "northern territories".
1901 Ashanti becomes a British colony.
1919 the League of Nations places Togoland under British mandate.
1925 creation of a council of supreme chiefs in the western, central and eastern regions.
1947 Dr Kwame Nkrumah is appointed Secretary General of the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC).
June 1949 Nkrumah leaves the UGCC to found the Convention People's Party.
1956 vote for the annexation of Togoland to the Gold Coast.
March 6, 1957 independence of the Gold Coast which becomes Ghana. Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972), known as Osagyefo (the redeemer) becomes Governor General and Prime Minister.
July 1, 1960 proclamation of the Republic of Ghana, Nkrumah becomes president.
September 1965 start of construction of the Akosombo dam.
January 26, 1964 referendum: Nkrumah's party (CPP) becomes single party.
February 24, 1966 Nkrumah is overthrown by the military during his absence, Joseph Ankrah becomes president.
April 17, 1967 a coup against General Ankrah fails.
April 1969 General Afrifa replaces Ankrah, embroiled in a breach of trust affair.
August 31, 1970 Edward Akufo-Addo (born 1906) is appointed president (previously the presidency was held by a college of three).
January 13, 1972 General Acheampong arrives at the head of the National Redemption Party (NRC).
April 27, 1972 death of Nkrumah and state funeral in Ghana.
July 5, 1978 coup d'etat by Lieutenant General Frederick Akuffo.
May 16, 1979 Captain Rawlings arrested after a failed coup.
June 4, 1979 1st "coup" of J. Rawlings (born June 22, 1947, son of a Scotsman) at the head of the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC).
June 16, 1979 execution of the generals.
June 1979 clashes between Kokomba and Namumba cause 1,500 deaths, economic crisis.
July 1979 Hilla Limann (born in 1934) becomes president.
December 30 and 31, 1981 Rawlings' second "coup" at the head of the PNDC, political parties are banned.
1982 10,000 teachers go into exile.
1983 conditional aid from the IMF and the World Bank.
March 27, 1984 a coup d'etat fails.
1985 Rawlings assassination attempts.
November 1985 clashes between Moba and Kokomba.
1986 project of a Ghana-Burkina Faso federation.
February 28, 1992 referendum for pluralism (92.6% yes).
November 3, 1992 presidential elections, Rawlings becomes president (elected in the first round with 58.3% of the vote).
1993 arrival of around 100,000 Togolese refugees.
February and March 1994 clashes in the northeast of the country: 1,000 dead, 150,000 displaced, 250 villages burned.
March 1995 demonstrations following the introduction of VAT at 17.5%.
December 7, 1996 re-election of Rawlings with 57.2% of the vote.
January 7, 2000 election of John Agyegoum Kufuor who will be reelected four years later.
September 29, 2006 Ghana joins the Francophonie.
January 2009 John Atta Mills, from the opposition National Democratic Congress party, wins the elections against the party in place, without clashes.
2010 Ghana reach the quarter-finals at the FIFA World Cup in South Africa.
July 2012 the sudden death of John Atta Mills, while serving as President of Ghana, then 68 years old.
December 2012 election of John Dramani Mahama, 55, a writer who released his first book the same year entitled My First Coup d'Etat: And Other True Stories from the Lost Decades of Africa.
March 29, 2014 Ghanaian President John Dramani Mahama takes the helm of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), whose presidency is leaving Yamoussoukro for Accra.
December 2016 Facing outgoing President John Dramani Mahama, Nana Akufo-Addo of the New Patriotic Party wins the presidential election with 53.85% of the vote. He officially takes office on January 7, 2017.

Source

World Timelines

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