Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-15:-Word-order-in-past-tense-sentences/ja

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イランペルシア語 → 文法 → 0からA1コース → レッスン15：過去形文の語順

Heading level 1[編集 | ソースを編集]

Welcome to lesson 15 of the Complete 0 to A1 Iranian Persian Course! In this lesson, you will learn how to form sentences in the past tense and to use time expressions and adverbs.

Heading level 2: Word order in past tense sentences[編集 | ソースを編集]

In Iranian Persian, the word order in past tense sentences is as follows:

Subject + Object + Verb

For example:

Iranian Persian Pronunciation Japanese
من دیروز کتاب خواندم. Man diruz ketab khandidam. 昨日、私は本を読みました。
تو امروز ماشین شستی. To emrooz mashin shasti. 今日、あなたは車を洗いました。
او هفته پیش خانه خرید. U haft-e pish khane kharid. 彼は先週家を買いました。

As you can see from the examples above, the past tense marker -د- (-d-) is added to the end of the verb. This marker is called the past tense marker.

Heading level 3: Time expressions[編集 | ソースを編集]

To indicate when an action took place, you can use time expressions. In Iranian Persian, time expressions usually come at the beginning or the end of a sentence.

Here are some common time expressions:

  • دیروز (diruz) - yesterday
  • امروز (emrooz) - today
  • فردا (farda) - tomorrow
  • هفته گذشته (haft-e gozashte) - last week
  • هفته آینده (haft-e ayande) - next week
  • ماه گذشته (mah-e gozashte) - last month
  • ماه آینده (mah-e ayande) - next month
  • سال گذشته (sal-e gozashte) - last year
  • سال آینده (sal-e ayande) - next year

For example:

  • دیروز من به سینما رفته بودم. (Diruz man be sinema raft-e boodam.) - Yesterday I had gone to the cinema.
  • او امروز صبح از خواب بیدار شد. (U emrooz sobh az khwab bidar shod.) - He woke up from sleep this morning.
  • بعد از غذا خواندن، فردا به باغچه می‌رویم. (Bad az ghaza khwandan, farda be baghcheh miravim.) - After eating, we will go to the garden tomorrow.

Heading level 3: Adverbs[編集 | ソースを編集]

Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. In Iranian Persian, adverbs usually come before the verb.

Here are some common adverbs:

  • خوب (khoub) - well
  • بد (bad) - badly
  • زیاد (ziyad) - much, a lot
  • کم (kam) - little, few
  • همیشه (hamishe) - always
  • اکثراً (aksar-an) - mostly
  • گاهی (gahi) - sometimes
  • بعضی وقت‌ها (bazivaght-ha) - sometimes

For example:

  • من خوب خواندم. (Man khoub khandidam.) - I read well.
  • او بد نوشت. (U bad nvesht.) - He wrote badly.
  • او زیاد می‌خندید. (U ziyad mikhandid.) - He laughed a lot.
  • تو کم خوردی. (To kam khordi.) - You ate little.
  • او همیشه به دانشگاه می‌رود. (U hamishe be daneshgah miravad.) - He always goes to university.
  • اکثراً من از خواندن کتاب‌های روانشناسی خوشم می‌آید. (Aksar-an man az khwandan-e ketab-hay-e ravanshenasi khosh-am miayad.) - Mostly I enjoy reading psychology books.
  • گاهی من به آسمان نگاه می‌کنم. (Gahi man be aseman negah mikonam.) - Sometimes I look at the sky.
  • بعضی وقت‌ها او خیلی سریع حرف می‌زند. (Bazivaght-ha u kheyli sari harf mizanad.) - Sometimes he talks very fast.

Heading level 1[編集 | ソースを編集]

That's it for lesson 15! You now know how to form sentences in the past tense and how to use time expressions and adverbs. Practice these concepts to improve your Iranian Persian skills. See you in the next lesson!

イラン・ペルシャ語コースの目次 - 0からA1まで[ソースを編集]

Unit 1: 基本的な挨拶と自己紹介

Unit 2: 文章構造と基本動詞の活用

Unit 3: 日常生活について話す

Unit 4: 目的語代名詞と所有代名詞

Unit 5: ペルシャ文化と習慣

Unit 6: 食べ物と飲み物

Unit 7: 過去形と一般動詞の活用

Unit 8: ペルシャ文学と芸術

Unit 9: 旅行と交通

Unit 10: 命令形、不定詞と複雑な文

Unit 11: ペルシャの歴史と地理

Unit 12: 余暇とエンターテインメント


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