Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-21:-Using-infinitives

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Iranian Persian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 21: Using infinitives

In this lesson, we will learn how to use the infinitive form of verbs in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility. The infinitive form of a verb is the base form of the verb, which does not show tense, number, or gender. It is often used in combination with other verbs to create complex sentences and express various meanings.

Infinitives in Persian

In Persian, the infinitive form of a verb is created by removing the present tense suffixes -am, -i, -ad, -im, -id, and -and from the stem of the verb. For example, the infinitive form of the verb "kardan" (to do) is "kard". The infinitive form of the verb "raftan" (to go) is "raft".

Expressing Purpose

In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express purpose. To do this, we use the verb "bara" (for) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
من به مدرسه می‌روم برای خواندن	Man be madrese miravam baraye khandan	I go to school to study
او می‌خرد یک کتاب برای خواندن	Ou mikharad yek ketab baraye khandan	He buys a book to read
ما می‌نویسیم یک نامه برای نوشتن	Ma minevisim yek name baraye neveshtan	We write a letter to write

Expressing Obligation

In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express obligation. To do this, we use the verb "bayad" (must) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
من باید بخوانم	Man bayad bokhanam	I must read
تو باید بروی	To bayad beravi	You must go
او باید بنویسد	Ou bayad bendsad	He must write

Expressing Permission

In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express permission. To do this, we use the verb "mishavad" (can) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
من می‌توانم بخوانم	Man mitavnam bokhanam	I can read
تو می‌توانی بروی	To mitavni beravi	You can go
او می‌تواند بنویسد	Ou mitavand bendsad	He can write

Expressing Possibility

In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express possibility. To do this, we use the verb "mitavanad" (can) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
این کار می‌تواند سخت باشد	In kar mitavnad sakht bashad	This task can be difficult
تو می‌توانی بروی	To mitavni beravi	You can go
او می‌تواند بنویسد	Ou mitavand bendsad	He can write

Practice

Now, let's practice using infinitives in different contexts. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate infinitive form of the verb:

1. من به پارک می‌روم برای [پیاده‌روی].
2. ما باید [یادگیری] فارسی را شروع کنیم.
3. تو می‌توانی [پاسخ] سوالات را بدهی.
4. او باید [تمرین] بیشتری بکند.
5. این کار می‌تواند [ساده] باشد.

Conclusion

In this lesson, we have learned how to use the infinitive form of verbs in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility. We have seen examples of how to use infinitives in different contexts and practiced using them in sentences. By mastering the use of infinitives, you will be able to express a wide range of meanings and communicate more effectively in Persian.

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

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Unit 1: Basic greetings and introductions

• Lesson 1: Saying "Hello" and "Goodbye"
• Lesson 2: Introducing yourself and others

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Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation

• Lesson 3: Word order in Persian sentences
• Lesson 4: Present tense conjugation of the verb "to be"
• Lesson 5: Present tense conjugation of regular verbs

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Unit 3: Talking about daily routines

• Lesson 6: Talking about your daily routine
• Lesson 7: Talking about others' daily routines

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Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns

• Lesson 8: Direct object pronouns
• Lesson 9: Possessive pronouns

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Unit 5: Persian culture and customs

• Lesson 10: Persian etiquette and hospitality
• Lesson 11: Persian holidays and celebrations

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Unit 6: Food and drink

• Lesson 12: Ordering food and drink
• Lesson 13: Talking about food and drink

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Unit 7: Past tense and regular verbs conjugation

• Lesson 14: Past tense of regular verbs
• Lesson 15: Word order in past tense sentences

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Unit 8: Persian literature and arts

• Lesson 16: Persian poetry and classical literature
• Lesson 17: Persian cinema and music

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Unit 9: Travel and transportation

• Lesson 18: Means of transportation
• Lesson 19: Travel preparations and bookings

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Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences

• Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood
• Lesson 21: Using infinitives
• Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions

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Unit 11: Persian history and geography

• Lesson 23: Persian civilization and ancient history
• Lesson 24: Modern history and contemporary issues

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Unit 12: Leisure and entertainment

• Lesson 25: Sports and active recreation
• Lesson 26: Entertainment and leisure activities

Other Lessons

• Give your Opinion
• Turn
• Plural
• Gender
• Lesson 3: Word order in Persian sentences
• Conditional Mood
• Sentense Structure
• Lesson 8: Direct object pronouns
• How to say goodbye
• Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions

◀️ Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood — Previous Lesson

Next Lesson — Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions ▶️