Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-20:-Using-the-imperative-mood

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◀️ Lesson 19: Travel preparations and bookings — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Lesson 21: Using infinitives ▶️

Iranian Persian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood

In this lesson, we will learn how to give commands and instructions using the imperative mood in Persian. We will also learn how to express permission and prohibition. The imperative mood is used to directly address someone and tell them what to do or not to do. It is an important aspect of communication and is commonly used in everyday conversations. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to give commands, express permission and prohibition, and understand imperative sentences in Persian.

The Imperative Mood[edit | edit source]

The imperative mood is used to give orders, commands, and instructions. It is used to directly address someone and tell them what to do or not to do. In Persian, the imperative mood is formed by using the base form of the verb. Unlike other tenses, there is no subject in the imperative mood. The subject is implied and is usually the person or people being addressed.

Forming the Imperative Mood[edit | edit source]

To form the imperative mood, we use the base form of the verb. The base form of a verb is the form that you would find in a dictionary. For example, the base form of the verb "to eat" is "خوردن" (khordan). To form the imperative mood, we simply remove the infinitive marker "ن" (n) from the base form. The imperative form of "خوردن" (khordan) would be "خور" (khur).

Let's look at some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
خور!	Khor!	Eat!
برو!	Boro!	Go!
بخوان!	Bekhān!	Read!
بنویس!	Benevis!	Write!

As you can see from the examples, the imperative form of the verb is simply the base form without the infinitive marker "ن" (n). The pronouns are not used in the imperative form because the subject is implied and is usually the person or people being addressed.

Using the Imperative Mood[edit | edit source]

The imperative mood is used in various situations to give commands, instructions, and advice. Here are some examples:

Giving commands: خور! (Khor!) - Eat!
Giving instructions: برو سمت راست! (Boro samt rāst!) - Go to the right!
Giving advice: بخوان کتاب بخوبی! (Bekhān ketāb bekhubi!) - Read the book carefully!
Expressing prohibition: نفس نکش! (Nafas nakosh!) - Don't breathe!

As you can see, the imperative mood is used to directly address someone and tell them what to do or not to do. It is a straightforward way of giving commands and instructions in Persian.

Politeness in the Imperative Mood[edit | edit source]

In Persian, the imperative mood can be used in both polite and informal contexts. When speaking to someone of higher social status or someone you want to show respect to, it is common to use the polite form of the imperative mood. The polite form is created by adding the word "لطفاً" (lotfan) before the verb in the imperative mood.

Here are some examples of the polite form of the imperative mood:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
لطفاً بنویسید!	Lotfan benevisid!	Please write!
لطفاً بخوانید!	Lotfan bekhānid!	Please read!
لطفاً بروید!	Lotfan beravid!	Please go!

As you can see, adding "لطفاً" (lotfan) before the verb in the imperative mood makes the command or instruction more polite and respectful. It is important to use the polite form when speaking to someone of higher social status or someone you want to show respect to.

Expressing Permission and Prohibition[edit | edit source]

In addition to giving commands and instructions, the imperative mood can also be used to express permission and prohibition. Let's look at how we can do this in Persian.

Expressing Permission[edit | edit source]

To express permission in Persian, we use the imperative form of the verb with the word "میتوانید" (mitavānid) before it. "میتوانید" (mitavānid) means "you can" or "you may" and is followed by the imperative form of the verb.

Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
میتوانید بشینید.	Mitavānid beshinid.	You can sit.
میتوانید بیایید.	Mitavānid biyāyid.	You can come.
میتوانید بخوابید.	Mitavānid bexābid.	You can sleep.

As you can see, by using the word "میتوانید" (mitavānid) before the imperative form of the verb, we can express permission in Persian. This is a polite way of granting someone permission to do something.

Expressing Prohibition[edit | edit source]

To express prohibition in Persian, we use the negative form of the imperative mood. The negative form is created by adding "ن" (n) before the imperative form of the verb. This creates a command or instruction not to do something.

Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
نبخشید.	Nabhakhshid.	Don't forgive.
نخورید.	Nekhorid.	Don't eat.
نروید.	Naraavid.	Don't go.

As you can see, by adding "ن" (n) before the imperative form of the verb, we can express prohibition in Persian. This is a straightforward way of telling someone not to do something.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have learned how to give commands and instructions using the imperative mood in Persian. We have also learned how to express permission and prohibition. The imperative mood is an important aspect of communication and is commonly used in everyday conversations. By using the base form of the verb, we can form the imperative mood. We have also learned that the imperative mood can be used in both polite and informal contexts. By adding "لطفاً" (lotfan) before the verb, we can make the command or instruction more polite and respectful. Additionally, we have learned how to express permission and prohibition by using the word "میتوانید" (mitavānid) and the negative form of the imperative mood.

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Unit 1: Basic greetings and introductions

Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation

Unit 3: Talking about daily routines

Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns

Unit 5: Persian culture and customs

Unit 6: Food and drink

Unit 7: Past tense and regular verbs conjugation

Unit 8: Persian literature and arts

Unit 9: Travel and transportation

Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences

Unit 11: Persian history and geography

Unit 12: Leisure and entertainment

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Lesson 19: Travel preparations and bookings — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Lesson 21: Using infinitives ▶️

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