Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Negation-and-Affirmation
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Negation and affirmation are essential parts of any language, and the Indonesian language is no exception. In this lesson, you will learn how to negate and affirm sentences in Indonesian using the words "tidak", "bukan", "ya", and "betul".
Negation
To negate a sentence in Indonesian, you can use the word "tidak". It is placed before the verb, and it means "no" or "not." Here are some examples:
| Indonesian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Saya tidak makan. | /sa.ja ˈti.dak ˈma.kan/ | I am not eating. |
| Dia tidak datang kemarin. | /dia ˈti.dak ˈda.taŋ keˈmi.ran/ | He did not come yesterday. |
| Kami tidak suka nasi goreng. | /ka.mi ˈti.dak ˈsu.ka ˈna.si ˈgo.ʁeŋ/ | We do not like fried rice. |
You can also use the word "bukan" to negate a sentence. "Bukan" is placed after the subject, and it means "not" or "is not." Here are some examples:
| Indonesian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Saya bukan dokter. | /sa.ja ˈbu.kan ˈdo.kter/ | I am not a doctor. |
| Dia bukan mahasiswa. | /dia ˈbu.kan ma.ha.ˈsis.wa/ | He is not a student. |
| Ini bukan buku saya. | /i.ni ˈbu.kan ˈbu.ku ˈsa.ja/ | This is not my book. |
Note that "bukan" can also be used to emphasize a negative statement. For example, "Saya bukan suka mie ayam" means "I don't like chicken noodles" with an emphasis on "I don't."
Affirmation
To affirm a sentence in Indonesian, you can use the words "ya" and "betul". "Ya" means "yes" or "correct," while "betul" means "true" or "right." Here are some examples:
| Indonesian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Apakah kamu sudah makan? - Ya, saya sudah makan. | /a.ˈpa.kah ˈka.mu ˈsu.da ˈma.kan - ja, ˈsa.ja ˈsu.da ˈma.kan/ | Have you eaten? - Yes, I have eaten. |
| Ini buku saya. - Betul. | /i.ni ˈbu.ku ˈsa.ja - be.ˈtul/ | This is my book. - That's right. |
| Dia datang dari Jepang, ya? | /dia ˈda.taŋ ˈda.ɾi ˈdʒe.paŋ ja/ | He comes from Japan, right? |
Keep in mind that "ya" and "betul" are used to confirm information, not to express agreement as in English.
Summary
In summary, negation and affirmation in Indonesian can be expressed using the words "tidak", "bukan", "ya", and "betul". "Tidak" negates a sentence and means "no" or "not," while "bukan" is used to negate a statement and means "not" or "is not." "Ya" and "betul" are used to confirm information and mean "yes" and "true" or "right," respectively. With these words, you can express yourself more effectively in Indonesian.
Practice
- Translate the following sentences into Indonesian:
- I am not feeling well.
- She is not coming to the party.
- Are you a teacher? Yes, I am a teacher.
- This is not my phone.
- Are they Indonesian?
- Translate the following sentences into English:
- Saya tidak suka makanan pedas.
- Dia bukan mahasiswa kedokteran.
- Ya, saya suka olahraga.
- Ini betul-betul enak.
- Tidak, saya tidak bisa berbicara Jepang.
Sources