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Revision as of 17:42, 29 March 2023
| ◀️ Indonesian Nouns — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Basic Phrases ▶️ |
As a beginner in learning Indonesian, one of the most important things to master is grammar. This includes knowing how to use verbs correctly in different situations. Unlike in English, Indonesian verbs do not have conjugations, tenses or aspects. This means that the verb remains the same regardless of the subject, time, or aspect of the verb. In this lesson, we will learn how to use Indonesian verbs and how to form sentences using them.
Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: Negation & May and Should.
Using Indonesian Verbs
In Indonesian, verbs are usually placed at the beginning or the end of the sentence. They can also be placed in the middle, but this is less common. Unlike in English, the subject usually comes after the verb. Here is an example:
- Indonesian: Makan saya nasi
- English: I eat rice
As you can see, the verb "makan" (eat) comes first, followed by the subject "saya" (I) and the object "nasi" (rice).
Another important feature of Indonesian verbs is that they are not conjugated according to the subject or tense of the sentence. Instead, the same verb form is used for all subjects and all tenses. For example:
- Indonesian: Saya makan nasi, kamu makan nasi, dia makan nasi, mereka makan nasi
- English: I eat rice, you eat rice, he/she eats rice, they eat rice
In the above examples, the verb "makan" does not change, regardless of the subject or tense of the sentence.
Verbs in Indonesian can also take on different meanings depending on context. For example, the verb "tidur" means "to sleep", but it can also mean "to go to bed" or "to rest". Here are some other useful verbs in Indonesian:
| Indonesian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| makan | /maˈkan/ | to eat |
| minum | /miˈnum/ | to drink |
| bicara | /biˈtʃara/ | to speak |
| pergi | /ˈpərɡi/ | to go |
| datang | /daˈtaŋ/ | to come |
| belajar | /bɛˈlaʤar/ | to learn |
Forming Sentences with Indonesian Verbs
To form sentences in Indonesian, you need to know the basic word order. The usual word order in Indonesian is subject-verb-object (SVO). Here is an example:
- Indonesian: Saya makan nasi
- English: I eat rice
In this sentence, "saya" (I) is the subject, "makan" (eat) is the verb, and "nasi" (rice) is the object.
Here are some more examples:
- Indonesian: Dia belajar bahasa Indonesia
- English: He is learning Indonesian
- Indonesian: Mereka pergi ke bioskop
- English: They are going to the movies
- Indonesian: Kamu minum air
- English: You are drinking water
It is important to note that even in questions, the word order remains the same. The only difference is the use of a question word such as "apa" (what), "siapa" (who), or "dimana" (where) at the beginning of the sentence.
Here is an example:
- Indonesian: Apa kamu makan?
- English: What are you eating?
As previously mentioned, Indonesian verbs do not have tense or aspect. To indicate time, the time indicator word is added to the sentence. For example, "Sudah" (already) is used to indicate past time, "sedang" (currently) for present time, and "akan" (will) for future time. Here are some examples:
- Indonesian: Saya sedang makan
- English: I am eating (currently)
- Indonesian: Dia sudah belajar bahasa Indonesia
- English: He has learned Indonesian (already)
- Indonesian: Mereka akan pergi ke bioskop
- English: They will go to the movies
Conclusion
Indonesian verbs are an essential part of the language and learning to use them correctly is crucial for effective communication. While there are no conjugations, tenses, or aspects to remember, it is important to pay attention to the word order and time indicators used in sentences. Keep practicing and you'll soon be able to form complete and grammatically correct sentences in Indonesian!
Sources
- Indonesian Tenses: Expressing the Past, Present, and Future
- Indonesian Verb Tenses - ielanguages.com
- Indonesian language - Wikipedia
With this lesson finished, you may want to explore these additional pages: Give your Opinion & Prepositions.
Videos
Indonesian Me Verbs - YouTube
Other Lessons
- Plurals
- Conditional Mood
- Why Learn Indonesian
- Pronouns
- How to Use Be
- Adjectives and Adverbs
- Can and Must
- Questions
- Weather in Indonesian
- Adjectives
| ◀️ Indonesian Nouns — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Basic Phrases ▶️ |