Language/French/Grammar/Time-adverbs

Time adverbs in French

Table of Contents

Nouns

• Types
• Gender
• Plural

---

Determiners

• Articles
• Typical use of the definite article
• Typical use of the indefinite article
• The partitive article: du, de l', de la, des
• Use of indefinite and partitive articles after the negative forms ne... pas, ne... jamais, ne... plus, ne... guère
• Omission of the article
• Demonstrative determiners
• Possessive determiners

---

Personal and impersonal pronouns

• Subject pronouns
• Object pronouns
• Stressed pronouns
• Demonstrative pronouns
• Possessive pronouns

---

Adjectives

• Adjectives modifying the noun
• Adjectives which follow verbs or verbal expressions
• Adjectives with complements
• Indefinite and negative noun phrases with adjective complements
• Adjectives used as nouns
• Adjectives used as adverbs
• Masculine and feminine forms of adjectives
• Plural forms of adjectives
• Adjective agreement with nouns
• Invariable adjectives
• Compound adjectives
• Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives
• Subjunctive versus indicative in clauses dependent on a superlative adjective
• Absolute use of the superlative

---

Adverbs

• Function of adverbs
• Formation of adverbs with the ending -ment
• Adjectives used as adverbs without addition of -ment
• Phrases used as adverbs
• English and French adverb formation
• Types of adverbs
• Location of adverbs

---

Numbers, measurements, time and quantifiers

• Cardinal numbers
• Ordinal numbers
• Fractions
• Some differences in the use of cardinal and ordinal numbers in French and English
• Measurements and comparisons
• Dates, days, years
• Clock time
• Money
• Quantifiers

---

Verb forms

• Conjugations
• Easy ways of generating some parts of the paradigms
• Changes in the stem form of some -er conjugation verbs
• Verbs whose stems end in c- or g-
• Verb paradigms

---

Verb constructions

• Relations between verbs and their complements
• Intransitive constructions
• Directly transitive verbs
• Indirectly transitive verbs
• Ditransitive verbs
• The passive
• Pronominal verbs
• Impersonal verbs
• Verbs which take noun + adjective or noun + noun complements

---

Verb and participle agreement

• Subject-verb agreement
• Agreement of the past participle with the subject of être
• Agreement of the past participle of verbs conjugated with avoir with a preceding direct object
• Agreement of the past participle of pronominal verbs in compound tenses

---

Tense

• The present
• The past
• The future
• Other tenses indicating the time at which events occur relative to other events
• Combining tenses
• Tenses in direct and reported descriptions of events
• Tenses with si

---

The subjunctive, modal verbs, exclamatives and imperatives

• The attitude of the subject to events: the subjunctive
• The use of devoir, pouvoir, savoir, falloir
• The French equivalents of the English modal verbs: 'would', 'should', 'could', 'may', 'might', 'ought to', and 'must'
• Exclamatives
• Imperatives

---

The infinitive

• Introduction: what are infinitives?
• Infinitives as complements to other verbs
• Verbs which take infinitive complements without a linking preposition
• Verbs which take infinitive complements preceded by the preposition à
• Verbs which take an infinitive complement preceded by de
• Omission of objects before infinitives
• Infinitives as complements to adjectives
• Infinitives as complements to nouns
• Infinitives in subordinate clauses
• Infinitives as polite commands
• Quick-reference index to verbs taking infinitive complements

---

Prepositions

• Introduction
• Prepositions listed alphabetically from à to vers
• French translations for common English prepositions

---

Question formation

• Introduction
• Yes/no questions
• Information questions
• Order of object pronouns in questions involving inversion
• Order of negative particles in questions involving inversion
• Use of question words and phrases: qui?, que?, quoi?, quel?, de qui?, avec combien de? etc.
• Indirect questions

---

Relative clauses

• Introduction
• Use of relative qui
• Use of relative que
• Preposition plus qui
• Use of lequel in relative clauses
• Use of dont, de qui, duquel/de laquelle/desquels/desquelles
• The use of où as a relative pronoun
• Use of relative quoi
• Free relative clauses and the use of ce qui, ce que, ce dont, ce à quoi, ce sur quoi, etc.
• Translating 'whoever', 'whatever', 'wherever', 'whenever', 'however'
• Indicative and subjunctive in relative clauses

---

Negation

• Introduction
• Location of sentence negators
• Order of negators in multiple negation
• Omission of ne in sentence negation
• Order of negative elements in questions and imperatives
• ne... pas
• ne... que
• ne... aucun(e), ne... nul(le)
• ne... jamais
• ne... plus
• ne... guère
• ne... rien
• ne... personne
• ne... ni... ni
• sans used with other negators
• ne used alone

---

Conjunctions and other linking constructions

• Introduction
• Coordinating conjunctions
• Subordinating conjunctions
• Conjunctions sometimes confused by English speakers
• Repeated subordinating conjunctions
• Subordinating conjunctions used with infinitive clauses
• après avoir/ être + past participle linking an infinitive clause to a main clause
• Past participle phrases used as linkers
• Present participles and gerunds

Definition

Adverbs which indicate the time at which something takes place, or the duration or frequency of an event, are time adverbs:

• L'image est nette à présent

The picture is clear now

• Il y est toujours

He is still there

• Soudain il y a eu comme un déplacement d'air

Suddenly there was a kind of movement of air

Typical time adverbs

Representative examples

French	English
Actuellement il sort avec ma soeur	Currently, he's going out with my sister
Il l'avait rencontrée deux ans auparavant	He had met her two years before
Dès lors il voulait passer sa vie avec elle	From then on he wanted to spend his life with her
Elle s'en est rendu compte aussitôt	She realized immediately
Ensuite il ne s'est rien passé	Afterwards nothing happened
Entre-temps elle avait rencontré quelqu'un d'autre	Meanwhile she had met someone else
Son sourire n'a plus été le même par la suite	His smile was never the same afterwards
Nous avons parlé longtemps	We spoke for a long time
Le bureau occupe deux étages, naguère habités	The office occupies two floors, formerly living accommodation
Quelquefois on me conduisait à Roubaix	Sometimes they took me to Roubaix
J'ai souvent voulu le faire	I've often wanted to do it
Sors tout de suite	Get out of here immediately

Sources

• https://www.amazon.fr/s?k=9780340991244
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Zsumo0dPcA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfCxlXIZjjg

Related Lessons

• Position of more than one object pronoun with faire etc. + infinitive
• Nouns that are only masculine or only feminine But may refer to both men and women
• Use of the definite article with quantities
• The irregular verb avoir
• Location of adverbs modifying verb phrases
• se as an alternative to an English passive
• Use of an année, jour journée, matin matinée, soir soirée
• Subject Verb Agreement — Agreement quantifiers numeral nouns
• Unstressed and Stressed Pronouns
• Use of en with numerals and quantifiers
• Adjectives which normally follow the noun but can also precede, without significant changes in meaning
• Impersonal subject restricted to il
• Quantifiers — tout and chaque
• Use of y
• Grammatical and real gender