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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]]  → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Comparative and Superlative → Superlative</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]]  → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Superlative</div>
 
Welcome to another exciting lesson in our "Complete 0 to A1 Indonesian Course"! Today, we’re diving into the fascinating world of '''superlatives''' in Indonesian. Understanding superlatives is essential for expressing the highest degree of qualities and making comparisons that add depth to your conversations. Whether you want to describe the best food, the tallest mountain, or the friendliest person, mastering this topic will significantly enhance your ability to communicate in Indonesian.
 
'''Lesson Structure:'''
 
1. '''Introduction to Superlatives'''
 
2. '''Understanding the Forms: Paling and Ter...di'''
 
3. '''Examples of Superlatives'''
 
4. '''Practice Exercises'''
 
5. '''Detailed Solutions and Explanations'''
 
Now, let’s get started!


__TOC__
__TOC__


In this lesson, we will explore the use of superlatives in the Indonesian language. Superlatives are used to express the highest degree of a quality or attribute. By using superlatives, we can compare three or more things and identify the one that is the most extreme or superior. Understanding how to use superlatives will greatly enhance your ability to describe and compare things in Indonesian.
=== Introduction to Superlatives ===
 
In Indonesian, superlatives are used to indicate that something has the highest degree of a certain quality. There are two primary ways to form superlatives in Indonesian: using '''paling''' and the prefix '''ter-''' with adjectives.
 
* '''Paling''' is used to denote "the most" in a general sense.


== Introduction ==
* The prefix '''ter-''' is applied to create a superlative form of an adjective, indicating "the best" or "the most."
Superlatives play an important role in expressing opinions, preferences, and making comparisons in everyday conversations and written texts. By mastering the use of superlatives, you will be able to express yourself more accurately and fluently in Indonesian.


In this lesson, we will focus on two main forms of superlatives in Indonesian: "paling" and "ter...di". We will explore their usage, formation, and how they are used in various contexts. Throughout the lesson, we will provide clear explanations, numerous examples, and engaging exercises to help you grasp the concepts effectively.
For instance, if you want to say "the tallest", you can use either '''paling tinggi''' or '''tertinggi'''.  


== Superlative with "paling" ==
=== Understanding the Forms: Paling and Ter...di ===
The form "paling" is used to express the superlative degree of an adjective or adverb. It is equivalent to the English word "most" or "very". "Paling" is placed before the adjective or adverb it modifies.


=== Formation ===
==== Paling ====
To form the superlative with "paling", follow this pattern:
Adjective/Adverb + "paling"


For example:
* '''Paling''' + adjective is the more straightforward approach to forming superlatives.
* Tinggi (tall) → Paling tinggi (the tallest)
* Cantik (beautiful) → Paling cantik (the most beautiful)
* Cepat (fast) → Paling cepat (the fastest)


=== Examples ===
* It can be used with any adjective and is commonly understood.
Here are some examples of superlatives using "paling":
 
'''Examples:'''
 
* Paling baik (the best)
 
* Paling cepat (the fastest)
 
==== Ter...di ====
 
* '''Ter-''' is a prefix that is added to the root of an adjective.
 
* It is often used for adjectives that already imply a comparison.
 
'''Examples:'''
 
* Tertinggi (the tallest)
 
* Terindah (the prettiest)
 
=== Examples of Superlatives ===
 
Let’s take a look at some examples of superlatives in action:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Mobil ini paling besar. || Mo-beel ee-nee pah-ling be-sar. || This car is the biggest.
 
| Paling tinggi || paling ˈtiŋi || the tallest
 
|-
|-
| Rumah itu paling mahal. || Roo-mah tooh pah-ling ma-hal. || That house is the most expensive.
 
| Paling cepat || paling tʃəˈpat || the fastest
 
|-
 
| Paling baik || paling baˈik || the best
 
|-
 
| Paling cantik || paling tʃanˈtik || the prettiest
 
|-
 
| Tertinggi || tərˈtiŋi || the tallest
 
|-
 
| Terindah || tərˈinda || the most beautiful
 
|-
 
| Terjauh || tərˈdʒauh || the farthest
 
|-
 
| Terbaik || tərˈbaik || the best
 
|-
 
| Tercepat || tərˈtʃəpat || the fastest
 
|-
 
| Paling pintar || paling ˈpintar || the smartest
 
|-
 
| Paling tua || paling ˈtua || the oldest
 
|-
 
| Paling gemuk || paling ɡəˈmuk || the fattest
 
|-
|-
| Dia adalah paling pintar di kelas. || Dee-ah a-dah pah-ling pin-tar dee klaas. || He is the smartest in the class.
|}


=== Cultural Insight ===
| Paling menarik || paling mɛnˈarik || the most interesting
In Indonesian culture, expressing admiration and appreciation is important. Indonesians often use superlatives to emphasize the greatness or excellence of something or someone. For example, when complimenting a dish, it is common to say "Makanan ini paling enak!" (This food is the most delicious!). By using superlatives, Indonesians convey their enthusiasm and appreciation for the subject at hand.


== Superlative with "ter...di" ==
|-
The form "ter...di" is another way to express the superlative degree in Indonesian. It is used to compare three or more things and identify the one that is the most extreme or superior. "Ter...di" is placed before the adjective or adverb it modifies.


=== Formation ===
| Termahal || tərˈmahal || the most expensive
To form the superlative with "ter...di", follow this pattern:
Ter- + Adjective/Adverb + -di


For example:
|-
* Tinggi (tall) → Ter-tinggi (the tallest)
* Cantik (beautiful) → Ter-cantik (the most beautiful)
* Cepat (fast) → Ter-cepat (the fastest)


=== Examples ===
| Terjelek || tərˈdʒɛlɛk || the worst
Here are some examples of superlatives using "ter...di":
 
|-
 
| Terdekat || tərˈdɛkat || the nearest


{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Gunung Everest adalah gunung tertinggi di dunia. || Goo-noong Eh-verest a-dah goo-noong terting-gi dee doo-nee-ah. || Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world.
 
| Terbesar || tərˈbɛsar || the biggest
 
|-
|-
| Dia adalah anak terpintar di keluarganya. || Dee-ah a-dah a-nakh ter-pin-tar dee ke-loo-ar-gan-yah. || He is the smartest child in his family.
 
| Tercepat || tərˈtʃəpat || the fastest
 
|-
|-
| Baju itu adalah baju terburuk yang pernah saya lihat. || Bah-joo tooh a-dah bah-joo ter-boo-rook yang per-nah sah-yah lee-hat. || That shirt is the worst shirt I have ever seen.
 
| Terkecil || tərˈkəʧil || the smallest
 
|-
 
| Tercepat || tərˈtʃəpat || the quickest
 
|}
|}


=== Cultural Insight ===
As you can see, both '''paling''' and '''ter-''' forms allow us to express superlatives effectively.
In Indonesian society, there is a strong emphasis on hierarchy and social status. Indonesians often use superlatives to describe their admiration for individuals who possess exceptional skills or talents. For example, the title "orang terkaya" (the richest person) is often used to refer to Indonesia's wealthiest individuals. By using superlatives, Indonesians highlight the achievements and status of individuals in various fields.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now, let’s put your understanding to the test! Here are some exercises to help you practice forming and using superlatives in Indonesian.
 
1. Translate the following sentences into Indonesian using superlatives:
 
* She is the smartest student in the class.
 
* This book is the most interesting I’ve ever read.
 
* This restaurant is the best in town.
 
* Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world.
 
* He runs the fastest in the team.
 
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct superlative form (paling or ter-):
 
* Dia adalah _____ (pintar) di sekolah. (He is the smartest in school.)
 
* Ini adalah makanan _____ (enak) yang pernah saya coba. (This is the most delicious food I have ever tried.)
 
* Jakarta adalah kota _____ (besar) di Indonesia. (Jakarta is the biggest city in Indonesia.)
 
* Dia adalah orang _____ (baik) yang saya kenal. (He is the best person I know.)
 
* Ini adalah film _____ (menarik) yang saya lihat. (This is the most interesting movie I have seen.)
 
3. Create your own sentences using the superlative forms of the following adjectives:
 
* cepat (fast)
 
* mahal (expensive)
 
* tua (old)
 
* kecil (small)
 
* indah (beautiful)
 
4. Choose the correct superlative form to complete these sentences:
 
* Dia adalah _____ (paling/ter) kaya di antara kita. (He is the richest among us.)
 
* Ini adalah _____ (paling/ter) mahal di toko ini. (This is the most expensive in this store.)
 
* Ia adalah _____ (paling/ter) tinggi di sekolah. (He is the tallest in school.)
 
* Film itu adalah _____ (paling/ter) menarik yang saya tonton. (That movie is the most interesting I have watched.)
 
* Ini adalah mobil _____ (paling/ter) cepat di dunia. (This is the fastest car in the world.)
 
5. Match the Indonesian sentences with their English translations:
 
* a. Dia adalah pelari _____ (tercepat) di dunia.
 
* b. Ini adalah rumah _____ (terindah) di desa.
 
* c. Dia adalah siswa _____ (pintar) di kelas.
 
* d. Ini adalah tempat _____ (paling dekat) dari sini.
 
* e. Dia adalah guru _____ (terbaik) yang saya miliki.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1.
 
* Dia adalah siswa paling pintar di kelas.
 
* Buku ini adalah yang paling menarik yang pernah saya baca.
 
* Restoran ini adalah yang terbaik di kota.
 
* Gunung Everest adalah gunung tertinggi di dunia.
 
* Dia berlari tercepat di tim.
 
2.
 
* Dia adalah '''yang paling pintar''' di sekolah.
 
* Ini adalah makanan '''paling enak''' yang pernah saya coba.
 
* Jakarta adalah kota '''terbesar''' di Indonesia.
 
* Dia adalah orang '''terbaik''' yang saya kenal.
 
* Ini adalah film '''paling menarik''' yang saya lihat.
 
3.
 
* '''Contoh kalimat:'''


== Exercises ==
* Mobil ini adalah yang '''tercepat''' di jalan ini.
Now, let's practice using superlatives in Indonesian. Choose the correct form of the superlative to complete each sentence.


1. Gunung Kilimanjaro adalah gunung __________ di Afrika.
* Ini adalah tas yang '''paling mahal''' di toko.
a) tertinggi
b) paling tinggi
c) tertinggi di


2. Dia adalah __________ murid di sekolah.
* Dia adalah guru '''tertua''' di sekolah.
a) paling pintar
b) terpintar
c) paling pintar di


3. Restoran ini memiliki makanan __________ di kota ini.
* Anjing ini adalah yang '''terkecil''' di antara mereka.
a) paling enak
b) terenak
c) paling enak di


4. Buku itu adalah buku __________ yang pernah saya baca.
* Pemandangan ini adalah yang '''terindah''' yang pernah saya lihat.
a) terbaik
b) paling baik
c) paling baik yang


5. Mobil ini adalah mobil __________ yang pernah saya lihat.
4.  
a) tercepat
b) paling cepat
c) paling cepat yang


== Solutions ==
* Dia adalah '''ter'''kaya di antara kita.
1. a) tertinggi
2. b) terpintar
3. a) paling enak
4. a) terbaik
5. b) paling cepat


== Conclusion ==
* Ini adalah '''paling''' mahal di toko ini.
Congratulations! You have now learned how to use superlatives in Indonesian. By mastering the forms "paling" and "ter...di", you can express the highest degree of a quality or attribute. Remember to practice using superlatives in your conversations and written exercises to reinforce your understanding. Keep up the great work and continue exploring the fascinating world of the Indonesian language!
 
* Ia adalah '''ter'''tinggi di sekolah.
 
* Film itu adalah '''paling''' menarik yang saya tonton.
 
* Ini adalah mobil '''ter'''cepat di dunia.
 
5.
 
* a. He is the fastest runner in the world.
 
* b. This is the most beautiful house in the village.
 
* c. He is the smartest student in the class.
 
* d. This is the closest place from here.
 
* e. He is the best teacher I have.
 
Congratulations on completing this lesson on superlatives in Indonesian! With practice and application, you will become more confident in using these forms in your conversations. Keep practicing, and soon you will be able to express yourself more vividly in Indonesian!


{{#seo:
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|keywords=Indonesian grammar, comparative, superlative, paling, ter...di, Indonesian language
|title=Indonesian Grammar: Superlative
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use superlatives in Indonesian. Explore the forms "paling" and "ter...di", and discover how to express the highest degree of a quality or attribute. Engage in exercises to practice your knowledge and enhance your fluency.
 
|keywords=Indonesian superlative, paling, ter-, Indonesian grammar, learning Indonesian, complete Indonesian course
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use superlatives in Indonesian, including the forms paling and ter...di, with examples and practice exercises.
 
}}
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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 19:52, 31 July 2024

◀️ Comparative — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Indonesian Weddings ▶️

Indonesian-flag-polyglotclub.png
Indonesian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Superlative

Welcome to another exciting lesson in our "Complete 0 to A1 Indonesian Course"! Today, we’re diving into the fascinating world of superlatives in Indonesian. Understanding superlatives is essential for expressing the highest degree of qualities and making comparisons that add depth to your conversations. Whether you want to describe the best food, the tallest mountain, or the friendliest person, mastering this topic will significantly enhance your ability to communicate in Indonesian.

Lesson Structure:

1. Introduction to Superlatives

2. Understanding the Forms: Paling and Ter...di

3. Examples of Superlatives

4. Practice Exercises

5. Detailed Solutions and Explanations

Now, let’s get started!

Introduction to Superlatives[edit | edit source]

In Indonesian, superlatives are used to indicate that something has the highest degree of a certain quality. There are two primary ways to form superlatives in Indonesian: using paling and the prefix ter- with adjectives.

  • Paling is used to denote "the most" in a general sense.
  • The prefix ter- is applied to create a superlative form of an adjective, indicating "the best" or "the most."

For instance, if you want to say "the tallest", you can use either paling tinggi or tertinggi.

Understanding the Forms: Paling and Ter...di[edit | edit source]

Paling[edit | edit source]

  • Paling + adjective is the more straightforward approach to forming superlatives.
  • It can be used with any adjective and is commonly understood.

Examples:

  • Paling baik (the best)
  • Paling cepat (the fastest)

Ter...di[edit | edit source]

  • Ter- is a prefix that is added to the root of an adjective.
  • It is often used for adjectives that already imply a comparison.

Examples:

  • Tertinggi (the tallest)
  • Terindah (the prettiest)

Examples of Superlatives[edit | edit source]

Let’s take a look at some examples of superlatives in action:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Paling tinggi paling ˈtiŋi the tallest
Paling cepat paling tʃəˈpat the fastest
Paling baik paling baˈik the best
Paling cantik paling tʃanˈtik the prettiest
Tertinggi tərˈtiŋi the tallest
Terindah tərˈinda the most beautiful
Terjauh tərˈdʒauh the farthest
Terbaik tərˈbaik the best
Tercepat tərˈtʃəpat the fastest
Paling pintar paling ˈpintar the smartest
Paling tua paling ˈtua the oldest
Paling gemuk paling ɡəˈmuk the fattest
Paling menarik paling mɛnˈarik the most interesting
Termahal tərˈmahal the most expensive
Terjelek tərˈdʒɛlɛk the worst
Terdekat tərˈdɛkat the nearest
Terbesar tərˈbɛsar the biggest
Tercepat tərˈtʃəpat the fastest
Terkecil tərˈkəʧil the smallest
Tercepat tərˈtʃəpat the quickest

As you can see, both paling and ter- forms allow us to express superlatives effectively.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s put your understanding to the test! Here are some exercises to help you practice forming and using superlatives in Indonesian.

1. Translate the following sentences into Indonesian using superlatives:

  • She is the smartest student in the class.
  • This book is the most interesting I’ve ever read.
  • This restaurant is the best in town.
  • Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world.
  • He runs the fastest in the team.

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct superlative form (paling or ter-):

  • Dia adalah _____ (pintar) di sekolah. (He is the smartest in school.)
  • Ini adalah makanan _____ (enak) yang pernah saya coba. (This is the most delicious food I have ever tried.)
  • Jakarta adalah kota _____ (besar) di Indonesia. (Jakarta is the biggest city in Indonesia.)
  • Dia adalah orang _____ (baik) yang saya kenal. (He is the best person I know.)
  • Ini adalah film _____ (menarik) yang saya lihat. (This is the most interesting movie I have seen.)

3. Create your own sentences using the superlative forms of the following adjectives:

  • cepat (fast)
  • mahal (expensive)
  • tua (old)
  • kecil (small)
  • indah (beautiful)

4. Choose the correct superlative form to complete these sentences:

  • Dia adalah _____ (paling/ter) kaya di antara kita. (He is the richest among us.)
  • Ini adalah _____ (paling/ter) mahal di toko ini. (This is the most expensive in this store.)
  • Ia adalah _____ (paling/ter) tinggi di sekolah. (He is the tallest in school.)
  • Film itu adalah _____ (paling/ter) menarik yang saya tonton. (That movie is the most interesting I have watched.)
  • Ini adalah mobil _____ (paling/ter) cepat di dunia. (This is the fastest car in the world.)

5. Match the Indonesian sentences with their English translations:

  • a. Dia adalah pelari _____ (tercepat) di dunia.
  • b. Ini adalah rumah _____ (terindah) di desa.
  • c. Dia adalah siswa _____ (pintar) di kelas.
  • d. Ini adalah tempat _____ (paling dekat) dari sini.
  • e. Dia adalah guru _____ (terbaik) yang saya miliki.

Answers:

1.

  • Dia adalah siswa paling pintar di kelas.
  • Buku ini adalah yang paling menarik yang pernah saya baca.
  • Restoran ini adalah yang terbaik di kota.
  • Gunung Everest adalah gunung tertinggi di dunia.
  • Dia berlari tercepat di tim.

2.

  • Dia adalah yang paling pintar di sekolah.
  • Ini adalah makanan paling enak yang pernah saya coba.
  • Jakarta adalah kota terbesar di Indonesia.
  • Dia adalah orang terbaik yang saya kenal.
  • Ini adalah film paling menarik yang saya lihat.

3.

  • Contoh kalimat:
  • Mobil ini adalah yang tercepat di jalan ini.
  • Ini adalah tas yang paling mahal di toko.
  • Dia adalah guru tertua di sekolah.
  • Anjing ini adalah yang terkecil di antara mereka.
  • Pemandangan ini adalah yang terindah yang pernah saya lihat.

4.

  • Dia adalah terkaya di antara kita.
  • Ini adalah paling mahal di toko ini.
  • Ia adalah tertinggi di sekolah.
  • Film itu adalah paling menarik yang saya tonton.
  • Ini adalah mobil tercepat di dunia.

5.

  • a. He is the fastest runner in the world.
  • b. This is the most beautiful house in the village.
  • c. He is the smartest student in the class.
  • d. This is the closest place from here.
  • e. He is the best teacher I have.

Congratulations on completing this lesson on superlatives in Indonesian! With practice and application, you will become more confident in using these forms in your conversations. Keep practicing, and soon you will be able to express yourself more vividly in Indonesian!

Table of Contents - Indonesian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Pronouns and Greetings


Basic Grammar


Daily Life


Sentence Structure


Indonesian Culture


Travel and Transportation


Verb Tenses


Shopping and Bargaining


Indonesian Arts


Modal Verbs


Colors and Shapes


Comparative and Superlative


Indonesian Traditions


Emergencies


Indirect and Direct Speech


Jobs and Professions


Indonesian Holidays

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Comparative — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Indonesian Weddings ▶️

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