Difference between revisions of "Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Negation-and-Affirmation"

Latest revision as of 19:35, 31 July 2024

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Indonesian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Negation and Affirmation

In the vibrant and colorful world of the Indonesian language, mastering the art of negation and affirmation is akin to acquiring a magic key that unlocks deeper communication. By learning how to express what is true or false, present or absent, you're not just memorizing words—you're becoming part of a rich cultural tapestry that values clear expression and understanding.

In this lesson, we will explore the essential words and phrases used for negation and affirmation in Indonesian. The main focus will be on the terms tidak (not), bukan (not), ya (yes), and betul (correct). By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of how to negate statements and affirm them effectively, providing you with the tools to navigate conversations with confidence.

The structure of our lesson will unfold as follows:

Introduction to Negation and Affirmation

The Role of Tidak and Bukan

Using Ya and Betul

Examples of Negation and Affirmation

Practice Exercises

Conclusion

Introduction to Negation and Affirmation[edit | edit source]

Negation and affirmation are fundamental aspects of any language, allowing speakers to confirm or deny statements. In Indonesian, these concepts are usually expressed with specific words that serve distinct purposes. Tidak is generally used to negate verbs and adjectives, while bukan is used to negate nouns. Understanding the difference between these two is crucial for constructing accurate statements.

Ya and betul function to affirm statements. They are your go-to expressions when you want to agree or confirm something someone else has said.

This lesson will provide you with numerous examples and practical exercises to ensure you fully grasp these concepts.

The Role of Tidak and Bukan[edit | edit source]

Using Tidak[edit | edit source]

Tidak is the go-to word for negating verbs and adjectives in Indonesian. Here are some key points to remember:

Tidak is used before verbs or adjectives.

It can be used to negate a statement or to express disagreement.

Examples

Indonesian	Pronunciation	English
Saya tidak suka kopi.	saya tidak su-ka ko-pi	I do not like coffee.
Dia tidak cepat.	di-a tidak che-pat	She is not fast.
Kami tidak pergi.	ka-mi tidak per-gi	We are not going.
Ini tidak bagus.	i-ni tidak ba-gus	This is not good.
Mereka tidak tahu.	me-re-ka tidak ta-hu	They do not know.

Using Bukan[edit | edit source]

Bukan is used to negate nouns. Here’s what you should know:

Bukan is used before nouns.

It is often used to correct someone or clarify a misunderstanding.

Examples

Indonesian	Pronunciation	English
Ini bukan buku.	i-ni bu-kan bu-ku	This is not a book.
Dia bukan guru.	di-a bu-kan gu-ru	He is not a teacher.
Itu bukan mobil saya.	i-tu bu-kan mo-bil sa-ya	That is not my car.
Mereka bukan teman.	me-re-ka bu-kan te-man	They are not friends.
Ini bukan makanan saya.	i-ni bu-kan ma-ka-nan sa-ya	This is not my food.

Using Ya and Betul[edit | edit source]

== Affirmation with Ya

Ya is the simplest way to say "yes" in Indonesian, and it can also be used to confirm statements.

Examples

Indonesian	Pronunciation	English
Ya, saya mengerti.	ya, sa-ya meng-er-ti	Yes, I understand.
Ya, itu benar.	ya, i-tu be-nar	Yes, that is correct.
Ya, saya suka.	ya, sa-ya su-ka	Yes, I like it.
Ya, kami pergi.	ya, ka-mi per-gi	Yes, we are going.
Ya, dia teman saya.	ya, di-a te-man sa-ya	Yes, he is my friend.

== Affirmation with Betul

Betul is another way to affirm something, and it can mean "correct" or "true." It's often used to confirm facts or statements.

Examples

Indonesian	Pronunciation	English
Betul, itu benar.	be-tul, i-tu be-nar	Correct, that is true.
Betul, saya setuju.	be-tul, sa-ya se-tu-ju	Correct, I agree.
Betul, dia pintar.	be-tul, di-a pin-tar	Correct, he is smart.
Betul, kami datang.	be-tul, ka-mi da-tang	Correct, we are coming.
Betul, ini penting.	be-tul, i-ni pen-ting	Correct, this is important.

Examples of Negation and Affirmation[edit | edit source]

To help you further grasp these concepts, here are additional examples that demonstrate the use of negation and affirmation in various contexts.

Indonesian	Pronunciation	English
Saya tidak mengerti.	sa-ya tidak meng-er-ti	I do not understand.
Ini bukan tempat duduk saya.	i-ni bu-kan tem-pat du-duk sa-ya	This is not my seat.
Ya, saya mau.	ya, sa-ya mau	Yes, I want it.
Betul, dia sangat ramah.	be-tul, di-a sang-at ra-mah	Correct, she is very friendly.
Mereka tidak datang ke pesta.	me-re-ka tidak da-tang ke pes-ta	They are not coming to the party.
Bukan ini yang saya cari.	bu-kan i-ni yang sa-ya cha-ri	This is not what I am looking for.
Ya, saya senang.	ya, sa-ya se-nang	Yes, I am happy.
Betul, kita harus pergi sekarang.	be-tul, ki-ta ha-rus per-gi se-ka-rang	Correct, we must go now.
Dia tidak suka hujan.	di-a tidak su-ka hu-jan	He does not like the rain.
Ini bukan waktu yang tepat.	i-ni bu-kan wak-tu yang te-pat	This is not the right time.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

To solidify your understanding, here are some exercises designed to challenge your skills in negation and affirmation.

1. Translate the following sentences into Indonesian:

I do not like spicy food.

This is not my book.

Yes, I agree.

That is not correct.

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct negation:

Dia ___ (not) datang ke sekolah.

Ini ___ (not) makanan saya.

Kami ___ (not) tahu jawabannya.

3. Choose the correct affirmation:

A: Ini adalah rumah saya.

B: ___ (Ya / Tidak), itu benar.

A: Dia bukan dokter.

B: ___ (Betul / Tidak), dia seorang guru.

4. Correct the sentences using bukan or tidak:

Ini tidak mobil saya.

Dia bukan baik.

Saya tidak guru.

5. Create sentences using the following prompts:

I do not understand.

This is my friend.

Yes, it is true.

Solutions and Explanations:

1.

Saya tidak suka makanan pedas.

Ini bukan buku saya.

Ya, saya setuju.

Itu tidak benar.

2.

Dia tidak datang ke sekolah.

Ini bukan makanan saya.

Kami tidak tahu jawabannya.

3.

A: Ini adalah rumah saya.

B: Ya, itu benar.

A: Dia bukan dokter.

B: Betul, dia seorang guru.

4.

Ini bukan mobil saya.

Dia tidak baik.

Saya bukan guru.

5.

Saya tidak mengerti.

Ini teman saya.

Ya, itu benar.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In conclusion, mastering negation and affirmation in Indonesian opens up a world of possibilities for communication. By using tidak and bukan effectively, you can express disagreement or clarify misunderstandings. Similarly, using ya and betul allows you to confirm statements and engage more deeply with the language around you.

As you continue your journey in learning Indonesian, remember that practice is key. The more you use these expressions in context, the more natural they will become. Keep speaking, keep listening, and most importantly, keep enjoying the beauty of the Indonesian language!

Table of Contents - Indonesian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Pronouns and Greetings

Basic Grammar

Daily Life

Sentence Structure

Indonesian Culture

Travel and Transportation

Verb Tenses

Shopping and Bargaining

Indonesian Arts

Modal Verbs

Colors and Shapes

Comparative and Superlative

Indonesian Traditions

Emergencies

Indirect and Direct Speech

Jobs and Professions

Indonesian Holidays

Sources[edit | edit source]

Indonesian Grammar → Indirect and Direct Speech → Direct Speech

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Questions and Answers — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Indonesian Festivals ▶️

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 {{Indonesian-Page-Top}}
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]]  → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Sentence Structure → Negation and Affirmation</div>
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]]  → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Negation and Affirmation</div>
+In the vibrant and colorful world of the Indonesian language, mastering the art of negation and affirmation is akin to acquiring a magic key that unlocks deeper communication. By learning how to express what is true or false, present or absent, you're not just memorizing words—you're becoming part of a rich cultural tapestry that values clear expression and understanding.
+In this lesson, we will explore the essential words and phrases used for negation and affirmation in Indonesian. The main focus will be on the terms '''tidak''' (not), '''bukan''' (not), '''ya''' (yes), and '''betul''' (correct). By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of how to negate statements and affirm them effectively, providing you with the tools to navigate conversations with confidence.
+The structure of our lesson will unfold as follows:
+* '''Introduction to Negation and Affirmation'''
+* '''The Role of Tidak and Bukan'''
+* '''Using Ya and Betul'''
+* '''Examples of Negation and Affirmation'''
+* '''Practice Exercises'''
+* '''Conclusion'''
 __TOC__
-In this lesson, we will learn about negation and affirmation in Indonesian. Negation is the process of expressing the negative form of a sentence, while affirmation is the process of expressing the positive form of a sentence. Understanding how to negate and affirm in Indonesian is essential for effective communication. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use negation and affirmation in your Indonesian sentences.
+=== Introduction to Negation and Affirmation ===
+Negation and affirmation are fundamental aspects of any language, allowing speakers to confirm or deny statements. In Indonesian, these concepts are usually expressed with specific words that serve distinct purposes. '''Tidak''' is generally used to negate verbs and adjectives, while '''bukan''' is used to negate nouns. Understanding the difference between these two is crucial for constructing accurate statements.
+'''Ya''' and '''betul''' function to affirm statements. They are your go-to expressions when you want to agree or confirm something someone else has said.
+This lesson will provide you with numerous examples and practical exercises to ensure you fully grasp these concepts.
+=== The Role of Tidak and Bukan ===
+==== Using Tidak ====
+'''Tidak''' is the go-to word for negating verbs and adjectives in Indonesian. Here are some key points to remember:
+* '''Tidak''' is used before verbs or adjectives.
+* It can be used to negate a statement or to express disagreement.
+'''Examples'''
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Saya tidak suka kopi. || saya tidak su-ka ko-pi || I do not like coffee.
+|-
+| Dia tidak cepat. || di-a tidak che-pat || She is not fast.
+|-
+| Kami tidak pergi. || ka-mi tidak per-gi || We are not going.
+|-
+| Ini tidak bagus. || i-ni tidak ba-gus || This is not good.
+|-
+| Mereka tidak tahu. || me-re-ka tidak ta-hu || They do not know.
+|}
+==== Using Bukan ====
+'''Bukan''' is used to negate nouns. Here’s what you should know:
+* '''Bukan''' is used before nouns.
+* It is often used to correct someone or clarify a misunderstanding.
+'''Examples'''
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Ini bukan buku. || i-ni bu-kan bu-ku || This is not a book.
+|-
+| Dia bukan guru. || di-a bu-kan gu-ru || He is not a teacher.
+|-
+| Itu bukan mobil saya. || i-tu bu-kan mo-bil sa-ya || That is not my car.
+|-
+| Mereka bukan teman. || me-re-ka bu-kan te-man || They are not friends.
+|-
+| Ini bukan makanan saya. || i-ni bu-kan ma-ka-nan sa-ya || This is not my food.
+|}
+=== Using Ya and Betul ===
+== Affirmation with Ya
+'''Ya''' is the simplest way to say "yes" in Indonesian, and it can also be used to confirm statements.
+'''Examples'''
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Ya, saya mengerti. || ya, sa-ya meng-er-ti || Yes, I understand.
+|-
+| Ya, itu benar. || ya, i-tu be-nar || Yes, that is correct.
+|-
+| Ya, saya suka. || ya, sa-ya su-ka || Yes, I like it.
+|-
+| Ya, kami pergi. || ya, ka-mi per-gi || Yes, we are going.
+|-
+| Ya, dia teman saya. || ya, di-a te-man sa-ya || Yes, he is my friend.
+|}
+== Affirmation with Betul
+'''Betul''' is another way to affirm something, and it can mean "correct" or "true." It's often used to confirm facts or statements.
+'''Examples'''
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Betul, itu benar. || be-tul, i-tu be-nar || Correct, that is true.
+|-
+| Betul, saya setuju. || be-tul, sa-ya se-tu-ju || Correct, I agree.
+|-
+| Betul, dia pintar. || be-tul, di-a pin-tar || Correct, he is smart.
+|-
+| Betul, kami datang. || be-tul, ka-mi da-tang || Correct, we are coming.
+|-
+| Betul, ini penting. || be-tul, i-ni pen-ting || Correct, this is important.
+|}
+=== Examples of Negation and Affirmation ===
+To help you further grasp these concepts, here are additional examples that demonstrate the use of negation and affirmation in various contexts.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Saya tidak mengerti. || sa-ya tidak meng-er-ti || I do not understand.
+|-
+| Ini bukan tempat duduk saya. || i-ni bu-kan tem-pat du-duk sa-ya || This is not my seat.
+|-
+| Ya, saya mau. || ya, sa-ya mau || Yes, I want it.
+|-
+| Betul, dia sangat ramah. || be-tul, di-a sang-at ra-mah || Correct, she is very friendly.
+|-
+| Mereka tidak datang ke pesta. || me-re-ka tidak da-tang ke pes-ta || They are not coming to the party.
+|-
+| Bukan ini yang saya cari. || bu-kan i-ni yang sa-ya cha-ri || This is not what I am looking for.
+|-
+| Ya, saya senang. || ya, sa-ya se-nang || Yes, I am happy.
+|-
+| Betul, kita harus pergi sekarang. || be-tul, ki-ta ha-rus per-gi se-ka-rang || Correct, we must go now.
+|-
+| Dia tidak suka hujan. || di-a tidak su-ka hu-jan || He does not like the rain.
+|-
+| Ini bukan waktu yang tepat. || i-ni bu-kan wak-tu yang te-pat || This is not the right time.
+|}
+=== Practice Exercises ===
+To solidify your understanding, here are some exercises designed to challenge your skills in negation and affirmation.
+. '''Translate the following sentences into Indonesian:'''
+* I do not like spicy food.
+* This is not my book.
-Negation and affirmation in Indonesian are expressed using specific words and structures. The most common words used for negation are "tidak" and "bukan," while the word "ya" is used for affirmation. Additionally, the word "betul" is used to affirm a positive statement or to confirm something. These words play a crucial role in sentence structure and can significantly impact the meaning of a sentence.
+* Yes, I agree.
-Let's explore each of these words in more detail:
+* That is not correct.
-== Tidak ==
+. '''Fill in the blanks with the correct negation:'''
-The word "tidak" is the most common word used for negation in Indonesian. It is placed before the verb or adjective it modifies to create a negative sentence. For example:
-* Indonesian: Saya tidak makan.
+* Dia ___ (not) datang ke sekolah.
-* Pronunciation: Sah-yah tee-dahk mah-kahn.
-* Translation: I do not eat.
-In this example, "tidak" is placed before the verb "makan" (eat) to create the negative form of the sentence.
+* Ini ___ (not) makanan saya.
-== Bukan ==
+* Kami ___ (not) tahu jawabannya.
-The word "bukan" is another word used for negation in Indonesian. It is placed before the noun or pronoun it modifies to create a negative sentence. For example:
-* Indonesian: Itu bukan buku.
+. '''Choose the correct affirmation:'''
-* Pronunciation: Ee-too boo-kahn boo-koo.
-* Translation: That is not a book.
-In this example, "bukan" is placed before the noun "buku" (book) to create the negative form of the sentence.
+* A: Ini adalah rumah saya.
-It is important to note that "bukan" is used to negate the noun or pronoun itself, while "tidak" is used to negate the action or verb.
+* B: ___ (Ya / Tidak), itu benar.
-== Ya ==
+* A: Dia bukan dokter.
-The word "ya" is used for affirmation in Indonesian. It is commonly used to answer affirmatively to a yes-or-no question. For example:
-* Indonesian: Apakah kamu suka makan?
+* B: ___ (Betul / Tidak), dia seorang guru.
-* Pronunciation: Ah-pah-kah kah-moo soo-kah mah-kahn?
-* Translation: Do you like to eat?
-* Indonesian: Ya, saya suka makan.
+. '''Correct the sentences using bukan or tidak:'''
-* Pronunciation: Yah, sah-yah soo-kah mah-kahn.
-* Translation: Yes, I like to eat.
-In this example, "ya" is used to affirmatively answer the question.
+* Ini tidak mobil saya.
-== Betul ==
+* Dia bukan baik.
-The word "betul" is used to affirm a positive statement or to confirm something in Indonesian. It is similar to the English word "true" or "correct." For example:
-* Indonesian: Anda tinggal di Jakarta, betul?
+* Saya tidak guru.
-* Pronunciation: Ahn-dah ting-gahl dee Jah-kahr-tah, beh-tool?
-* Translation: You live in Jakarta, right?
-* Indonesian: Betul, saya tinggal di Jakarta.
+. '''Create sentences using the following prompts:'''
-* Pronunciation: Beh-tool, sah-yah ting-gahl dee Jah-kahr-tah.
-* Translation: Yes, I live in Jakarta.
-In this example, "betul" is used to confirm the statement or question.
+* I do not understand.
-Now that we understand the words used for negation and affirmation in Indonesian, let's explore how to use them in different sentence structures.
+* This is my friend.
-=== Negating Verbs ===
+* Yes, it is true.
-To negate a verb in Indonesian, we simply place "tidak" before the verb. Here are a few examples:
-* Indonesian: Dia tidak makan.
+'''Solutions and Explanations:'''
-* Pronunciation: Dee-ah tee-dahk mah-kahn.
-* Translation: He/she does not eat.
-* Indonesian: Kami tidak tidur.
+.
-* Pronunciation: Kah-mee tee-dahk tee-door.
-* Translation: We do not sleep.
-* Indonesian: Mereka tidak minum.
+* Saya tidak suka makanan pedas.
-* Pronunciation: Meh-ray-kah tee-dahk mee-noom.
-* Translation: They do not drink.
-In each of these examples, "tidak" is placed before the verb to create the negative form of the sentence.
+* Ini bukan buku saya.
-=== Negating Nouns ===
+* Ya, saya setuju.
-To negate a noun in Indonesian, we use the word "bukan" before the noun. Here are a few examples:
-* Indonesian: Ini bukan rumah.
+* Itu tidak benar.
-* Pronunciation: Ee-nee boo-kahn roo-mah.
-* Translation: This is not a house.
-* Indonesian: Dia bukan guru.
+.
-* Pronunciation: Dee-ah boo-kahn goo-roo.
-* Translation: He/she is not a teacher.
-* Indonesian: Mereka bukan siswa.
+* Dia tidak datang ke sekolah.
-* Pronunciation: Meh-ray-kah boo-kahn see-s-wah.
-* Translation: They are not students.
-In each of these examples, "bukan" is placed before the noun to create the negative form of the sentence.
+* Ini bukan makanan saya.
-=== Affirming with "Ya" ===
+* Kami tidak tahu jawabannya.
-To affirm a statement in Indonesian, we can simply use the word "ya" to confirm or agree. Here are a few examples:
-* Indonesian: Kamu suka makan, ya?
+.
-* Pronunciation: Kah-moo soo-kah mah-kahn, yah?
-* Translation: You like to eat, right?
-* Indonesian: Saya tinggal di Jakarta, ya.
+* A: Ini adalah rumah saya.
-* Pronunciation: Sah-yah ting-gahl dee Jah-kahr-tah, yah.
-* Translation: I live in Jakarta, yes.
-* Indonesian: Mereka pergi ke pantai, ya.
+* B: '''Ya''', itu benar.
-* Pronunciation: Meh-ray-kah per-gee keh pahn-tai, yah.
-* Translation: They go to the beach, yes.
-In each of these examples, "ya" is used to affirm or confirm the statement.
+* A: Dia bukan dokter.
-=== Affirming with "Betul" ===
+* B: '''Betul''', dia seorang guru.
-To affirm a positive statement or to confirm something in Indonesian, we use the word "betul." Here are a few examples:
-* Indonesian: Anda sudah makan, betul?
+.
-* Pronunciation: Ahn-dah soo-dah mah-kahn, beh-tool?
-* Translation: You have eaten, right?
-* Indonesian: Betul, saya sudah makan.
+* Ini '''bukan''' mobil saya.
-* Pronunciation: Beh-tool, sah-yah soo-dah mah-kahn.
-* Translation: Yes, I have eaten.
-* Indonesian: Betul, mereka sudah pergi.
+* Dia '''tidak''' baik.
-* Pronunciation: Beh-tool, meh-ray-kah soo-dah per-gee.
-* Translation: Yes, they have gone.
-In each of these examples, "betul" is used to affirm or confirm the statement or question.
+* Saya '''bukan''' guru.
-Now that you have learned how to negate and affirm in Indonesian, it is important to practice using these words and structures in various sentences. The more you practice, the more natural it will become to incorporate negation and affirmation into your conversations.
+.
-Here are some exercises to help you practice:
+* Saya tidak mengerti.
-. Translate the following sentences into Indonesian:
+* Ini teman saya.
-   a. We do not speak Indonesian.
-   b. That is not my book.
-   c. Do you like to dance?
-   d. Yes, I can swim.
-   e. They are not coming.
-. Answer the following questions in Indonesian:
+* Ya, itu benar.
-   a. Apakah kamu suka makanan Indonesia? (Do you like Indonesian food?)
-   b. Apakah kamu tinggal di Jakarta? (Do you live in Jakarta?)
-   c. Apakah dia sudah pergi? (Has he/she gone?)
-In this lesson, we have explored negation and affirmation in Indonesian. We have learned how to use the words "tidak," "bukan," "ya," and "betul" to create negative and positive sentences. By practicing these concepts, you will become more confident in expressing yourself and understanding others in Indonesian.
+=== Conclusion ===
+In conclusion, mastering negation and affirmation in Indonesian opens up a world of possibilities for communication. By using '''tidak''' and '''bukan''' effectively, you can express disagreement or clarify misunderstandings. Similarly, using '''ya''' and '''betul''' allows you to confirm statements and engage more deeply with the language around you.
+As you continue your journey in learning Indonesian, remember that practice is key. The more you use these expressions in context, the more natural they will become. Keep speaking, keep listening, and most importantly, keep enjoying the beauty of the Indonesian language!
 {{#seo:
-|title=Indonesian Grammar → Sentence Structure → Negation and Affirmation
-|keywords=Indonesian grammar, negation in Indonesian, affirmation in Indonesian, tidak, bukan, ya, betul, Indonesian language
+|title=Indonesian Grammar: Negation and Affirmation
-|description=Learn how to negate and affirm in Indonesian with this comprehensive lesson on negation and affirmation. Understand how to use "tidak," "bukan," "ya," and "betul" to express negative and positive sentences in Indonesian.
+|keywords=Indonesian language, negation, affirmation, tidak, bukan, ya, betul, language learning
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to negate and affirm in Indonesian using key terms like tidak, bukan, ya, and betul through comprehensive examples and exercises.
 }}
-{{Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
@@ Line 165: / Line 345: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Sources==

Difference between revisions of "Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Negation-and-Affirmation"

Latest revision as of 19:35, 31 July 2024

Introduction to Negation and Affirmation[edit | edit source]

The Role of Tidak and Bukan[edit | edit source]

Using Tidak[edit | edit source]

Using Bukan[edit | edit source]

Using Ya and Betul[edit | edit source]

Examples of Negation and Affirmation[edit | edit source]

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Table of Contents - Indonesian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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