Difference between revisions of "Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Can-and-Must"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
m (Quick edit)
Line 1: Line 1:
<span pgnav>
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  
Line 8: Line 9:


{{Indonesian-Page-Top}}
{{Indonesian-Page-Top}}
 
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]]  → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Modal Verbs → Can and Must</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Indonesian Grammar → Modal Verbs → Can and Must</div>


__TOC__
__TOC__


As an Indonesian language teacher with 20 years of experience, I am excited to teach you how to use two important modal verbs in Indonesian: bisa and harus. These two verbs will help you express your abilities, possibilities, and obligations in your daily conversations. In this lesson, you will learn how to use them correctly in various contexts with cultural information and interesting facts.
== Introduction ==


In this lesson, we will explore the use of modal verbs in Indonesian, specifically the verbs "bisa" (can) and "harus" (must). Modal verbs are an important aspect of any language, as they allow us to express abilities, permissions, obligations, and more. Understanding how to use these verbs will greatly enhance your ability to communicate in Indonesian. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use "bisa" and "harus" in various contexts. So let's dive in and explore the world of modal verbs in Indonesian!


<span link>Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Indonesian|Definite Articles in Indonesian]] & [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]].</span>
== Bisa (Can) ==
== Bisa (Can) ==


The verb "bisa" is used to indicate someone's ability or possibility to do something. It is always followed by the base form of a verb without the particle "me-".
The modal verb "bisa" is used to express the ability or possibility of doing something. It is equivalent to the English verb "can." Let's take a look at some examples to better understand its usage:
 
=== Affirmative Sentences ===
 
In affirmative sentences, "bisa" is used to express that something is possible or that someone has the ability to do something. Here are a few examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Saya bisa berbicara bahasa Indonesia. || Sah-yah bee-sah ber-bee-cha-rah bah-hah-sah In-doh-nee-see-ah. || I can speak Indonesian.
|-
| Kamu bisa memasak. || Kah-moo bee-sah muh-mah-sahk. || You can cook.
|-
| Dia bisa berenang. || Dee-ah bee-sah buh-reh-nahng. || He/she can swim.
|}
 
=== Negative Sentences ===


Examples:
In negative sentences, "bisa" is used to express the inability or impossibility of doing something. It is equivalent to the English verb "cannot" or "can't." Let's take a look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Saya bisa berbicara bahasa Indonesia. || [[IPA]]: [ˈsaja ˈbisa bɛr.bi.ˈtʃa.ra ba.ˈha.sa in.do.ˈne.sja] || I can speak Indonesian.
| Saya tidak bisa bermain piano. || Sah-yah tee-dahk bee-sah ber-main pee-ahn-oh. || I cannot play the piano.
|-
|-
| Kamu bisa membantu saya? || [[IPA]]: [ˈka.mu ˈbisa mɛm.ˈban.tu ˈsaja] || Can you help me?
| Kamu tidak bisa datang besok. || Kah-moo tee-dahk bee-sah dah-tahng beh-sohk. || You cannot come tomorrow.
|-
|-
| Mereka bisa datang besok. || [[IPA]]: [mɛ.ˈrɛ.ka ˈbisa ˈda.taŋ ˈbɛ.sɔk] || They can come tomorrow.
| Dia tidak bisa membantu kita. || Dee-ah tee-dahk bee-sah mem-bahn-too kee-tah. || He/she cannot help us.
|}
|}


Notice that the negative form of "bisa" is "tidak bisa" (cannot).
=== Questions ===


Examples:
When asking a question using "bisa," the verb is placed at the beginning of the sentence. Here are a few examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Saya tidak bisa makan pedas. || [[IPA]]: [ˈsaja ˈti.dak ˈbisa ˈma.kan ˈpɛ.das] || I cannot eat spicy food.
| Apakah kamu bisa membantu saya? || Ah-pah-kah kah-moo bee-sah mem-bahn-too sah-yah? || Can you help me?
|-
|-
| Kamu tidak bisa pergi hari ini. || [[IPA]]: [ˈka.mu ˈti.dak ˈbisa ˈpɛr.gi ˈha.ri ˈi.ni] || You cannot go today.
| Bisakah dia berbicara bahasa Inggris? || Bee-sah-kah dee-ah ber-bee-cha-rah bah-hah-sah Ing-gris? || Can he/she speak English?
|-
|-
| Mereka tidak bisa membayar sekarang. || [[IPA]]: [mɛ.ˈrɛ.ka ˈti.dak ˈbisa mɛm.ˈba.jar sɛ.ˈka.raŋ] || They cannot pay now.
| Bisa berenang? || Bee-sah buh-reh-nahng? || Can you swim?
|}
|}


== Harus (Must) ==
== Harus (Must) ==


The verb "harus" is used to indicate someone's obligation or necessity to do something. It is always followed by the base form of a verb without the particle "me-".
The modal verb "harus" is used to express obligation or necessity. It is equivalent to the English verb "must." Let's take a look at some examples to better understand its usage:
 
=== Affirmative Sentences ===
 
In affirmative sentences, "harus" is used to express that something is necessary or that someone must do something. Here are a few examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Saya harus pergi sekarang. || Sah-yah hah-roos per-gee se-kah-rang. || I must go now.
|-
| Kamu harus belajar untuk ujian. || Kah-moo hah-roos beh-lah-jar oon-took oo-jee-ahn. || You must study for the exam.
|-
| Dia harus membayar tagihan ini. || Dee-ah hah-roos mem-bah-yar tah-gee-hahn ee-nee. || He/she must pay this bill.
|}
 
=== Negative Sentences ===


Examples:
In negative sentences, "harus" is used to express that something is not necessary or that someone does not have to do something. It is equivalent to the English verb "don't have to" or "don't need to." Let's take a look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Saya harus belajar bahasa Indonesia setiap hari. || [[IPA]]: [ˈsaja ˈharus bɛl.ˈa.dʒar ba.ˈha.sa in.do.ˈne.sja sɛ.ˈtiap ˈha.ri] || I must study Indonesian every day.
| Saya tidak harus pergi ke sana. || Sah-yah tee-dahk hah-roos per-gee ke sah-nah. || I don't have to go there.
|-
|-
| Kamu harus membayar tagihan ini sekarang. || [[IPA]]: [ˈka.mu ˈharus mɛm.ˈba.jar ta.ɡi.ˈhan ˈi.ni sɛ.ˈka.raŋ] || You must pay this bill now.
| Kamu tidak harus membayar sekarang. || Kah-moo tee-dahk hah-roos mem-bah-yar se-kah-rang. || You don't have to pay now.
|-
|-
| Mereka harus berangkat pagi-pagi. || [[IPA]]: [mɛ.ˈrɛ.ka ˈharus bɛr.ˈaŋ.kat ˈpa.ɡi ˈpa.ɡi] || They must leave early in the morning.
| Dia tidak harus datang besok. || Dee-ah tee-dahk hah-roos dah-tahng beh-sohk. || He/she doesn't have to come tomorrow.
|}
|}


Notice that the negative form of "harus" is "tidak harus" (not necessary).
=== Questions ===


Examples:
When asking a question using "harus," the verb is placed at the beginning of the sentence. Here are a few examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Saya tidak harus pergi ke pesta itu. || [[IPA]]: [ˈsaja ˈti.dak ˈharus ˈpɛr.ɡi kɛ ˈpɛs.ta ˈi.tu] || I do not have to go to that party.
| Apakah saya harus membawa paspor? || Ah-pah-kah sah-yah hah-roos mem-bah-wah pah-spor? || Do I have to bring my passport?
|-
|-
| Kamu tidak harus membeli hadiah mahal untuk saya. || [[IPA]]: [ˈka.mu ˈti.dak ˈharus mɛm.ˈbe.li ha.ˈdi.ah ma.ˈhal u.ˈntuk ˈsaja] || You do not have to buy me an expensive gift.
| Harus bayar berapa? || Hah-roos beh-yar beh-rah-pah? || How much do I have to pay?
|-
|-
| Mereka tidak harus menunggu lama-lama. || [[IPA]]: [mɛ.ˈrɛ.ka ˈti.dak ˈharus mə.ˈnʊŋ.ɡu ˈla.ma ˈla.ma] || They do not have to wait for a long time.
| Haruskah kamu pergi sekarang? || Hah-roos-kah kah-moo per-gee se-kah-rang? || Must you go now?
|}
|}


== Recap ==
== Cultural Insights ==


Let's summarize what you have learned so far about "bisa" (can) and "harus" (must):
In Indonesian culture, the use of modal verbs reflects the polite and respectful nature of the language. Using "bisa" and "harus" correctly shows that you understand and respect the social norms of the Indonesian people. Additionally, it is important to note that the use of modal verbs can vary slightly depending on the region or dialect. For example, in some regions, the word "boleh" is used instead of "bisa" to express permission or ability. It is always fascinating to explore the cultural nuances and variations within a language, and Indonesian is no exception.


* "bisa" is used to indicate someone's ability or possibility, while "harus" is used to indicate someone's obligation or necessity.
== Practice Exercises ==
* Both verbs are always followed by the base form of a verb without the particle "me-".
* "tidak bisa" means cannot or unable, while "tidak harus" means not necessary.
* You can use "bisa" and "harus" in various contexts to express yourself in Indonesian.


Don't forget to practice using "bisa" and "harus" in your conversations with your Indonesian friends or teachers. Good luck!
Now that you have learned how to use the modal verbs "bisa" and "harus," it's time to practice! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of these verbs. Try to answer the questions and then check your answers.


<span class='maj'></span>
=== Exercise 1: Can or Cannot ===
==Sources==
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language Indonesian language - Wikipedia]
Choose the correct form of "bisa" or "tidak bisa" to complete each sentence.
* [https://www.indonesianpod101.com/indonesian-pronunciation/ The Only Indonesian Pronunciation Guide You'll Ever Need]
 
* [https://languageboost.biz/beginners-guide-learn-indonesian/ How to Learn Indonesian - Ultimate Beginner's Guide to Learn ...]
1. Saya __________ bermain piano.
2. Kamu __________ membantu saya.
3. Dia __________ berenang.
4. Apakah kamu __________ membawa tas ini?
5. Bisakah dia __________ bicara bahasa Inggris?
 
<sup>Answers: 1. bisa, 2. bisa, 3. tidak bisa, 4. bisa, 5. bisa</sup>
 
=== Exercise 2: Must or Don't Have To ===
 
Choose the correct form of "harus" or "tidak harus" to complete each sentence.
 
1. Saya __________ pergi ke dokter.
2. Kamu __________ membayar tagihan ini.
3. Dia __________ membawa paspor.
4. Apakah saya __________ membawa payung?
5. Haruskah kamu __________ belajar untuk ujian?
 
<sup>Answers: 1. harus, 2. harus, 3. harus, 4. harus, 5. harus</sup>
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to use the modal verbs "bisa" and "harus" in Indonesian. These verbs are essential in expressing abilities, permissions, obligations, and more. By mastering their usage, you will be able to communicate more effectively in various situations. Remember to practice using these verbs in your conversations and continue building your Indonesian language skills. Selamat belajar (happy learning)!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Indonesian Grammar Modal Verbs Can and Must
|title=Indonesian Grammar Modal Verbs Can and Must
|keywords=Indonesian grammar, Indonesian modal verbs, bisa, harus, Indonesian language
|keywords=Indonesian modal verbs, Indonesian grammar, Indonesian language, modal verbs bisa, modal verbs harus, learn Indonesian
|description=Learn how to use two important modal verbs in Indonesian: bisa (can) and harus (must). These two verbs will help you express your abilities, possibilities, and obligations in your daily conversations. Read on to learn more!
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use the modal verbs "bisa" (can) and "harus" (must) in Indonesian. Discover the cultural insights and practice exercises to enhance your language skills.
}}
}}


Line 106: Line 157:
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language Indonesian language - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.indonesianpod101.com/indonesian-pronunciation/ The Only Indonesian Pronunciation Guide You'll Ever Need]
* [https://languageboost.biz/beginners-guide-learn-indonesian/ How to Learn Indonesian - Ultimate Beginner's Guide to Learn ...]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
Line 118: Line 179:
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Indonesian|Definite Articles in Indonesian]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Indonesian|Definite Articles in Indonesian]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Possessive-Cases-in-Indonesian|Possessive Cases in Indonesian]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Possessive-Cases-in-Indonesian|Possessive Cases in Indonesian]]


{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>
 
<span pgnav>
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  

Revision as of 13:21, 17 June 2023

◀️ Indonesian Dance — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — May and Should ▶️

Indonesian-flag-polyglotclub.png
IndonesianGrammar0 to A1 Course → Modal Verbs → Can and Must

Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the use of modal verbs in Indonesian, specifically the verbs "bisa" (can) and "harus" (must). Modal verbs are an important aspect of any language, as they allow us to express abilities, permissions, obligations, and more. Understanding how to use these verbs will greatly enhance your ability to communicate in Indonesian. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use "bisa" and "harus" in various contexts. So let's dive in and explore the world of modal verbs in Indonesian!

Bisa (Can)

The modal verb "bisa" is used to express the ability or possibility of doing something. It is equivalent to the English verb "can." Let's take a look at some examples to better understand its usage:

Affirmative Sentences

In affirmative sentences, "bisa" is used to express that something is possible or that someone has the ability to do something. Here are a few examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Saya bisa berbicara bahasa Indonesia. Sah-yah bee-sah ber-bee-cha-rah bah-hah-sah In-doh-nee-see-ah. I can speak Indonesian.
Kamu bisa memasak. Kah-moo bee-sah muh-mah-sahk. You can cook.
Dia bisa berenang. Dee-ah bee-sah buh-reh-nahng. He/she can swim.

Negative Sentences

In negative sentences, "bisa" is used to express the inability or impossibility of doing something. It is equivalent to the English verb "cannot" or "can't." Let's take a look at some examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Saya tidak bisa bermain piano. Sah-yah tee-dahk bee-sah ber-main pee-ahn-oh. I cannot play the piano.
Kamu tidak bisa datang besok. Kah-moo tee-dahk bee-sah dah-tahng beh-sohk. You cannot come tomorrow.
Dia tidak bisa membantu kita. Dee-ah tee-dahk bee-sah mem-bahn-too kee-tah. He/she cannot help us.

Questions

When asking a question using "bisa," the verb is placed at the beginning of the sentence. Here are a few examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Apakah kamu bisa membantu saya? Ah-pah-kah kah-moo bee-sah mem-bahn-too sah-yah? Can you help me?
Bisakah dia berbicara bahasa Inggris? Bee-sah-kah dee-ah ber-bee-cha-rah bah-hah-sah Ing-gris? Can he/she speak English?
Bisa berenang? Bee-sah buh-reh-nahng? Can you swim?

Harus (Must)

The modal verb "harus" is used to express obligation or necessity. It is equivalent to the English verb "must." Let's take a look at some examples to better understand its usage:

Affirmative Sentences

In affirmative sentences, "harus" is used to express that something is necessary or that someone must do something. Here are a few examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Saya harus pergi sekarang. Sah-yah hah-roos per-gee se-kah-rang. I must go now.
Kamu harus belajar untuk ujian. Kah-moo hah-roos beh-lah-jar oon-took oo-jee-ahn. You must study for the exam.
Dia harus membayar tagihan ini. Dee-ah hah-roos mem-bah-yar tah-gee-hahn ee-nee. He/she must pay this bill.

Negative Sentences

In negative sentences, "harus" is used to express that something is not necessary or that someone does not have to do something. It is equivalent to the English verb "don't have to" or "don't need to." Let's take a look at some examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Saya tidak harus pergi ke sana. Sah-yah tee-dahk hah-roos per-gee ke sah-nah. I don't have to go there.
Kamu tidak harus membayar sekarang. Kah-moo tee-dahk hah-roos mem-bah-yar se-kah-rang. You don't have to pay now.
Dia tidak harus datang besok. Dee-ah tee-dahk hah-roos dah-tahng beh-sohk. He/she doesn't have to come tomorrow.

Questions

When asking a question using "harus," the verb is placed at the beginning of the sentence. Here are a few examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Apakah saya harus membawa paspor? Ah-pah-kah sah-yah hah-roos mem-bah-wah pah-spor? Do I have to bring my passport?
Harus bayar berapa? Hah-roos beh-yar beh-rah-pah? How much do I have to pay?
Haruskah kamu pergi sekarang? Hah-roos-kah kah-moo per-gee se-kah-rang? Must you go now?

Cultural Insights

In Indonesian culture, the use of modal verbs reflects the polite and respectful nature of the language. Using "bisa" and "harus" correctly shows that you understand and respect the social norms of the Indonesian people. Additionally, it is important to note that the use of modal verbs can vary slightly depending on the region or dialect. For example, in some regions, the word "boleh" is used instead of "bisa" to express permission or ability. It is always fascinating to explore the cultural nuances and variations within a language, and Indonesian is no exception.

Practice Exercises

Now that you have learned how to use the modal verbs "bisa" and "harus," it's time to practice! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of these verbs. Try to answer the questions and then check your answers.

Exercise 1: Can or Cannot

Choose the correct form of "bisa" or "tidak bisa" to complete each sentence.

1. Saya __________ bermain piano. 2. Kamu __________ membantu saya. 3. Dia __________ berenang. 4. Apakah kamu __________ membawa tas ini? 5. Bisakah dia __________ bicara bahasa Inggris?

Answers: 1. bisa, 2. bisa, 3. tidak bisa, 4. bisa, 5. bisa

Exercise 2: Must or Don't Have To

Choose the correct form of "harus" or "tidak harus" to complete each sentence.

1. Saya __________ pergi ke dokter. 2. Kamu __________ membayar tagihan ini. 3. Dia __________ membawa paspor. 4. Apakah saya __________ membawa payung? 5. Haruskah kamu __________ belajar untuk ujian?

Answers: 1. harus, 2. harus, 3. harus, 4. harus, 5. harus

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to use the modal verbs "bisa" and "harus" in Indonesian. These verbs are essential in expressing abilities, permissions, obligations, and more. By mastering their usage, you will be able to communicate more effectively in various situations. Remember to practice using these verbs in your conversations and continue building your Indonesian language skills. Selamat belajar (happy learning)!

Table of Contents - Indonesian Course - 0 to A1


Pronouns and Greetings


Basic Grammar


Daily Life


Sentence Structure


Indonesian Culture


Travel and Transportation


Verb Tenses


Shopping and Bargaining


Indonesian Arts


Modal Verbs


Colors and Shapes


Comparative and Superlative


Indonesian Traditions


Emergencies


Indirect and Direct Speech


Jobs and Professions


Indonesian Holidays


Sources


Other Lessons



◀️ Indonesian Dance — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — May and Should ▶️