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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]]  → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Sentence Structure → Negation and Affirmation</div>
__TOC__
In this lesson, we will learn about negation and affirmation in Indonesian. Negation is the process of expressing the negative form of a sentence, while affirmation is the process of expressing the positive form of a sentence. Understanding how to negate and affirm in Indonesian is essential for effective communication. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use negation and affirmation in your Indonesian sentences.
Negation and affirmation in Indonesian are expressed using specific words and structures. The most common words used for negation are "tidak" and "bukan," while the word "ya" is used for affirmation. Additionally, the word "betul" is used to affirm a positive statement or to confirm something. These words play a crucial role in sentence structure and can significantly impact the meaning of a sentence.
Let's explore each of these words in more detail:
== Tidak ==
The word "tidak" is the most common word used for negation in Indonesian. It is placed before the verb or adjective it modifies to create a negative sentence. For example:
* Indonesian: Saya tidak makan.
* Pronunciation: Sah-yah tee-dahk mah-kahn.
* Translation: I do not eat.
In this example, "tidak" is placed before the verb "makan" (eat) to create the negative form of the sentence.
== Bukan ==
The word "bukan" is another word used for negation in Indonesian. It is placed before the noun or pronoun it modifies to create a negative sentence. For example:
* Indonesian: Itu bukan buku.
* Pronunciation: Ee-too boo-kahn boo-koo.
* Translation: That is not a book.
In this example, "bukan" is placed before the noun "buku" (book) to create the negative form of the sentence.
It is important to note that "bukan" is used to negate the noun or pronoun itself, while "tidak" is used to negate the action or verb.


<div class="pg_page_title">Indonesian Grammar → Sentence Structure → Negation and Affirmation</div>
== Ya ==
The word "ya" is used for affirmation in Indonesian. It is commonly used to answer affirmatively to a yes-or-no question. For example:


__TOC__
* Indonesian: Apakah kamu suka makan?
* Pronunciation: Ah-pah-kah kah-moo soo-kah mah-kahn?
* Translation: Do you like to eat?
 
* Indonesian: Ya, saya suka makan.
* Pronunciation: Yah, sah-yah soo-kah mah-kahn.
* Translation: Yes, I like to eat.
 
In this example, "ya" is used to affirmatively answer the question.
 
== Betul ==
The word "betul" is used to affirm a positive statement or to confirm something in Indonesian. It is similar to the English word "true" or "correct." For example:
 
* Indonesian: Anda tinggal di Jakarta, betul?
* Pronunciation: Ahn-dah ting-gahl dee Jah-kahr-tah, beh-tool?
* Translation: You live in Jakarta, right?
 
* Indonesian: Betul, saya tinggal di Jakarta.
* Pronunciation: Beh-tool, sah-yah ting-gahl dee Jah-kahr-tah.
* Translation: Yes, I live in Jakarta.
 
In this example, "betul" is used to confirm the statement or question.
 
Now that we understand the words used for negation and affirmation in Indonesian, let's explore how to use them in different sentence structures.
 
=== Negating Verbs ===
To negate a verb in Indonesian, we simply place "tidak" before the verb. Here are a few examples:
 
* Indonesian: Dia tidak makan.
* Pronunciation: Dee-ah tee-dahk mah-kahn.
* Translation: He/she does not eat.
 
* Indonesian: Kami tidak tidur.
* Pronunciation: Kah-mee tee-dahk tee-door.
* Translation: We do not sleep.
 
* Indonesian: Mereka tidak minum.
* Pronunciation: Meh-ray-kah tee-dahk mee-noom.
* Translation: They do not drink.
 
In each of these examples, "tidak" is placed before the verb to create the negative form of the sentence.
 
=== Negating Nouns ===
To negate a noun in Indonesian, we use the word "bukan" before the noun. Here are a few examples:
 
* Indonesian: Ini bukan rumah.
* Pronunciation: Ee-nee boo-kahn roo-mah.
* Translation: This is not a house.
 
* Indonesian: Dia bukan guru.
* Pronunciation: Dee-ah boo-kahn goo-roo.
* Translation: He/she is not a teacher.


Negation and affirmation are essential parts of any language, and the Indonesian language is no exception. In this lesson, you will learn how to negate and affirm sentences in Indonesian using the words "tidak", "bukan", "ya", and "betul".
* Indonesian: Mereka bukan siswa.
* Pronunciation: Meh-ray-kah boo-kahn see-s-wah.
* Translation: They are not students.


== Negation ==
In each of these examples, "bukan" is placed before the noun to create the negative form of the sentence.


To negate a sentence in Indonesian, you can use the word "tidak". It is placed before the verb, and it means "no" or "not." Here are some examples:
=== Affirming with "Ya" ===
To affirm a statement in Indonesian, we can simply use the word "ya" to confirm or agree. Here are a few examples:


{| class="wikitable"
* Indonesian: Kamu suka makan, ya?
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
* Pronunciation: Kah-moo soo-kah mah-kahn, yah?
|-
* Translation: You like to eat, right?
| Saya tidak makan. || /sa.ja ˈti.dak ˈma.kan/ || I am not eating.
|-
| Dia tidak datang kemarin. || /dia ˈti.dak ˈda.taŋ keˈmi.ran/ || He did not come yesterday.
|-
| Kami tidak suka nasi goreng. || /ka.mi ˈti.dak ˈsu.ka ˈna.si ˈgo.ʁeŋ/ || We do not like fried rice.
|}


You can also use the word "bukan" to negate a sentence. "Bukan" is placed after the subject, and it means "not" or "is not." Here are some examples:
* Indonesian: Saya tinggal di Jakarta, ya.
* Pronunciation: Sah-yah ting-gahl dee Jah-kahr-tah, yah.
* Translation: I live in Jakarta, yes.


{| class="wikitable"
* Indonesian: Mereka pergi ke pantai, ya.
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
* Pronunciation: Meh-ray-kah per-gee keh pahn-tai, yah.
|-
* Translation: They go to the beach, yes.
| Saya bukan dokter. || /sa.ja ˈbu.kan ˈdo.kter/ || I am not a doctor.
|-
| Dia bukan mahasiswa. || /dia ˈbu.kan ma.ha.ˈsis.wa/ || He is not a student.
|-
| Ini bukan buku saya. || /i.ni ˈbu.kan ˈbu.ku ˈsa.ja/ || This is not my book.
|}


Note that "bukan" can also be used to emphasize a negative statement. For example, "Saya bukan suka mie ayam" means "I don't like chicken noodles" with an emphasis on "I don't."
In each of these examples, "ya" is used to affirm or confirm the statement.


== Affirmation ==
=== Affirming with "Betul" ===
To affirm a positive statement or to confirm something in Indonesian, we use the word "betul." Here are a few examples:


To affirm a sentence in Indonesian, you can use the words "ya" and "betul". "Ya" means "yes" or "correct," while "betul" means "true" or "right." Here are some examples:
* Indonesian: Anda sudah makan, betul?
* Pronunciation: Ahn-dah soo-dah mah-kahn, beh-tool?
* Translation: You have eaten, right?


{| class="wikitable"
* Indonesian: Betul, saya sudah makan.
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
* Pronunciation: Beh-tool, sah-yah soo-dah mah-kahn.
|-
* Translation: Yes, I have eaten.
| Apakah kamu sudah makan? - Ya, saya sudah makan. || /a.ˈpa.kah ˈka.mu ˈsu.da ˈma.kan - ja, ˈsa.ja ˈsu.da ˈma.kan/ || Have you eaten? - Yes, I have eaten.
|-
| Ini buku saya. - Betul. || /i.ni ˈbu.ku ˈsa.ja - be.ˈtul/ || This is my book. - That's right.
|-
| Dia datang dari Jepang, ya? || /dia ˈda.taŋ ˈda.ɾi ˈdʒe.paŋ ja/ || He comes from Japan, right?
|}


Keep in mind that "ya" and "betul" are used to confirm information, not to express agreement as in English.
* Indonesian: Betul, mereka sudah pergi.
* Pronunciation: Beh-tool, meh-ray-kah soo-dah per-gee.
* Translation: Yes, they have gone.


== Summary ==
In each of these examples, "betul" is used to affirm or confirm the statement or question.


In summary, negation and affirmation in Indonesian can be expressed using the words "tidak", "bukan", "ya", and "betul". "Tidak" negates a sentence and means "no" or "not," while "bukan" is used to negate a statement and means "not" or "is not." "Ya" and "betul" are used to confirm information and mean "yes" and "true" or "right," respectively. With these words, you can express yourself more effectively in Indonesian.
Now that you have learned how to negate and affirm in Indonesian, it is important to practice using these words and structures in various sentences. The more you practice, the more natural it will become to incorporate negation and affirmation into your conversations.


== Practice ==
Here are some exercises to help you practice:


* Translate the following sentences into Indonesian:
1. Translate the following sentences into Indonesian:
# I am not feeling well.
  a. We do not speak Indonesian.
# She is not coming to the party.
  b. That is not my book.
# Are you a teacher? Yes, I am a teacher.
  c. Do you like to dance?
# This is not my phone.
  d. Yes, I can swim.
# Are they Indonesian?
  e. They are not coming.


* Translate the following sentences into English:
2. Answer the following questions in Indonesian:
# Saya tidak suka makanan pedas.
  a. Apakah kamu suka makanan Indonesia? (Do you like Indonesian food?)
# Dia bukan mahasiswa kedokteran.
  b. Apakah kamu tinggal di Jakarta? (Do you live in Jakarta?)
# Ya, saya suka olahraga.
  c. Apakah dia sudah pergi? (Has he/she gone?)
# Ini betul-betul enak.
# Tidak, saya tidak bisa berbicara Jepang.


== Sources ==
In this lesson, we have explored negation and affirmation in Indonesian. We have learned how to use the words "tidak," "bukan," "ya," and "betul" to create negative and positive sentences. By practicing these concepts, you will become more confident in expressing yourself and understanding others in Indonesian.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language Indonesian Language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_grammar Indonesian Grammar]


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Indonesian Grammar → Sentence Structure → Negation and Affirmation
|title=Indonesian Grammar → Sentence Structure → Negation and Affirmation
|keywords=Indonesian grammar, Indonesian sentence structure, Indonesian negation, Indonesian affirmation, Complete 0 to A1 Indonesian Course
|keywords=Indonesian grammar, negation in Indonesian, affirmation in Indonesian, tidak, bukan, ya, betul, Indonesian language
|description=Learn how to negate and affirm in Indonesian: tidak, bukan, ya, betul. Discover the tips of a teacher with 20 years of experience. Check out this lesson's wiki code!
|description=Learn how to negate and affirm in Indonesian with this comprehensive lesson on negation and affirmation. Understand how to use "tidak," "bukan," "ya," and "betul" to express negative and positive sentences in Indonesian.
}}
}}


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==Sources==
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Direct-Speech Indonesian Grammar → Indirect and Direct Speech → Direct Speech]




==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Why-Learn-Indonesian|Why Learn Indonesian]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Why-Learn-Indonesian|Why Learn Indonesian]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Direct-Speech|Direct Speech]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Direct-Speech|Direct Speech]]
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* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Indefinite-Articles-in-Indonesian|Indefinite Articles in Indonesian]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Indefinite-Articles-in-Indonesian|Indefinite Articles in Indonesian]]


{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Questions-and-Answers|◀️ Questions and Answers — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Indonesian/Culture/Indonesian-Festivals|Next Lesson — Indonesian Festivals ▶️]]
|}
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Latest revision as of 12:20, 17 June 2023

◀️ Questions and Answers — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Indonesian Festivals ▶️

Indonesian-flag-polyglotclub.png
Indonesian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Sentence Structure → Negation and Affirmation

In this lesson, we will learn about negation and affirmation in Indonesian. Negation is the process of expressing the negative form of a sentence, while affirmation is the process of expressing the positive form of a sentence. Understanding how to negate and affirm in Indonesian is essential for effective communication. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use negation and affirmation in your Indonesian sentences.

Negation and affirmation in Indonesian are expressed using specific words and structures. The most common words used for negation are "tidak" and "bukan," while the word "ya" is used for affirmation. Additionally, the word "betul" is used to affirm a positive statement or to confirm something. These words play a crucial role in sentence structure and can significantly impact the meaning of a sentence.

Let's explore each of these words in more detail:

Tidak[edit | edit source]

The word "tidak" is the most common word used for negation in Indonesian. It is placed before the verb or adjective it modifies to create a negative sentence. For example:

  • Indonesian: Saya tidak makan.
  • Pronunciation: Sah-yah tee-dahk mah-kahn.
  • Translation: I do not eat.

In this example, "tidak" is placed before the verb "makan" (eat) to create the negative form of the sentence.

Bukan[edit | edit source]

The word "bukan" is another word used for negation in Indonesian. It is placed before the noun or pronoun it modifies to create a negative sentence. For example:

  • Indonesian: Itu bukan buku.
  • Pronunciation: Ee-too boo-kahn boo-koo.
  • Translation: That is not a book.

In this example, "bukan" is placed before the noun "buku" (book) to create the negative form of the sentence.

It is important to note that "bukan" is used to negate the noun or pronoun itself, while "tidak" is used to negate the action or verb.

Ya[edit | edit source]

The word "ya" is used for affirmation in Indonesian. It is commonly used to answer affirmatively to a yes-or-no question. For example:

  • Indonesian: Apakah kamu suka makan?
  • Pronunciation: Ah-pah-kah kah-moo soo-kah mah-kahn?
  • Translation: Do you like to eat?
  • Indonesian: Ya, saya suka makan.
  • Pronunciation: Yah, sah-yah soo-kah mah-kahn.
  • Translation: Yes, I like to eat.

In this example, "ya" is used to affirmatively answer the question.

Betul[edit | edit source]

The word "betul" is used to affirm a positive statement or to confirm something in Indonesian. It is similar to the English word "true" or "correct." For example:

  • Indonesian: Anda tinggal di Jakarta, betul?
  • Pronunciation: Ahn-dah ting-gahl dee Jah-kahr-tah, beh-tool?
  • Translation: You live in Jakarta, right?
  • Indonesian: Betul, saya tinggal di Jakarta.
  • Pronunciation: Beh-tool, sah-yah ting-gahl dee Jah-kahr-tah.
  • Translation: Yes, I live in Jakarta.

In this example, "betul" is used to confirm the statement or question.

Now that we understand the words used for negation and affirmation in Indonesian, let's explore how to use them in different sentence structures.

Negating Verbs[edit | edit source]

To negate a verb in Indonesian, we simply place "tidak" before the verb. Here are a few examples:

  • Indonesian: Dia tidak makan.
  • Pronunciation: Dee-ah tee-dahk mah-kahn.
  • Translation: He/she does not eat.
  • Indonesian: Kami tidak tidur.
  • Pronunciation: Kah-mee tee-dahk tee-door.
  • Translation: We do not sleep.
  • Indonesian: Mereka tidak minum.
  • Pronunciation: Meh-ray-kah tee-dahk mee-noom.
  • Translation: They do not drink.

In each of these examples, "tidak" is placed before the verb to create the negative form of the sentence.

Negating Nouns[edit | edit source]

To negate a noun in Indonesian, we use the word "bukan" before the noun. Here are a few examples:

  • Indonesian: Ini bukan rumah.
  • Pronunciation: Ee-nee boo-kahn roo-mah.
  • Translation: This is not a house.
  • Indonesian: Dia bukan guru.
  • Pronunciation: Dee-ah boo-kahn goo-roo.
  • Translation: He/she is not a teacher.
  • Indonesian: Mereka bukan siswa.
  • Pronunciation: Meh-ray-kah boo-kahn see-s-wah.
  • Translation: They are not students.

In each of these examples, "bukan" is placed before the noun to create the negative form of the sentence.

Affirming with "Ya"[edit | edit source]

To affirm a statement in Indonesian, we can simply use the word "ya" to confirm or agree. Here are a few examples:

  • Indonesian: Kamu suka makan, ya?
  • Pronunciation: Kah-moo soo-kah mah-kahn, yah?
  • Translation: You like to eat, right?
  • Indonesian: Saya tinggal di Jakarta, ya.
  • Pronunciation: Sah-yah ting-gahl dee Jah-kahr-tah, yah.
  • Translation: I live in Jakarta, yes.
  • Indonesian: Mereka pergi ke pantai, ya.
  • Pronunciation: Meh-ray-kah per-gee keh pahn-tai, yah.
  • Translation: They go to the beach, yes.

In each of these examples, "ya" is used to affirm or confirm the statement.

Affirming with "Betul"[edit | edit source]

To affirm a positive statement or to confirm something in Indonesian, we use the word "betul." Here are a few examples:

  • Indonesian: Anda sudah makan, betul?
  • Pronunciation: Ahn-dah soo-dah mah-kahn, beh-tool?
  • Translation: You have eaten, right?
  • Indonesian: Betul, saya sudah makan.
  • Pronunciation: Beh-tool, sah-yah soo-dah mah-kahn.
  • Translation: Yes, I have eaten.
  • Indonesian: Betul, mereka sudah pergi.
  • Pronunciation: Beh-tool, meh-ray-kah soo-dah per-gee.
  • Translation: Yes, they have gone.

In each of these examples, "betul" is used to affirm or confirm the statement or question.

Now that you have learned how to negate and affirm in Indonesian, it is important to practice using these words and structures in various sentences. The more you practice, the more natural it will become to incorporate negation and affirmation into your conversations.

Here are some exercises to help you practice:

1. Translate the following sentences into Indonesian: 

  a. We do not speak Indonesian.
  b. That is not my book.
  c. Do you like to dance?
  d. Yes, I can swim.
  e. They are not coming.

2. Answer the following questions in Indonesian: 

  a. Apakah kamu suka makanan Indonesia? (Do you like Indonesian food?)
  b. Apakah kamu tinggal di Jakarta? (Do you live in Jakarta?)
  c. Apakah dia sudah pergi? (Has he/she gone?)

In this lesson, we have explored negation and affirmation in Indonesian. We have learned how to use the words "tidak," "bukan," "ya," and "betul" to create negative and positive sentences. By practicing these concepts, you will become more confident in expressing yourself and understanding others in Indonesian.

Table of Contents - Indonesian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Pronouns and Greetings


Basic Grammar


Daily Life


Sentence Structure


Indonesian Culture


Travel and Transportation


Verb Tenses


Shopping and Bargaining


Indonesian Arts


Modal Verbs


Colors and Shapes


Comparative and Superlative


Indonesian Traditions


Emergencies


Indirect and Direct Speech


Jobs and Professions


Indonesian Holidays


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Questions and Answers — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Indonesian Festivals ▶️

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