Language/French/Grammar/Subject-verb-agreement-—-Verb-“être”

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Subject-verb agreement — Agreement with the verb “être”


Where two nouns are linked by the verb être, the verb normally agrees with the preceding subject, although some speakers will make it agree with what follows:

  • Mon problème était mes enfants, car je n'avais personne pour les garder

My problem was my children, for I had no-one to look after them


When ce is the subject of être, there is a choice between using c'est or ce sont. Whereas most nouns and pronouns follow c'est, for example:

  • C'est moi/nous

It's me/us


  • C'est toi /vous /lui /elle

It's you/him/her


  • C'est le facteur

It's the postman


In formal French, plural nouns and third person plural pronouns are supposed to follow ce sont:

  • Ce sont mes parents

It's my parents


  • Ce sont eux

It's them


However, most speakers (and even writers) of formal French use c'est in these cases these days:

  • C'est mes parents
  • C'est eux


Where numbers are involved, c'est is always used:

  • C'est 1 000 euros que je vous dois

It's 1,000 euros that I owe you


The c'est/ce sont construction is often used with relative clauses, and it is important to remember that the verb in the relative clause agrees in person and number with the complement of c'est/ce sont:

  • C'est moi qui suis le plus âgé

It's me who's the oldest


  • C'est nous qui sommes les responsables

We are the ones responsible


  • C'est vous qui avez pris ma serviette de bain

Ifs you who has taken my towel


  • Ce sont elles qui ont fait cela

They are the ones who did that

Other Chapters

Table of Contents

Nouns


Determiners


Personal and impersonal pronouns


Adjectives


Adverbs


Numbers, measurements, time and quantifiers


Verb forms


Verb constructions


Verb and participle agreement


Tense


The subjunctive, modal verbs, exclamatives and imperatives


The infinitive


Prepositions


Question formation


Relative clauses


Negation


Conjunctions and other linking constructions

Contributors

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