Language/French/Grammar/Relations-between-verbs-and-their-complements
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Relations between verbs and their complements
Notes
Verbs can be classified by the kinds of complement they take. The table below outlines the main types dealt with in this chapter.
Classification of verbs by the complements they take
Other Chapters
Table of Contents
Nouns
Determiners
- Articles
- Typical use of the definite article
- Typical use of the indefinite article
- The partitive article: du, de l', de la, des
- Use of indefinite and partitive articles after the negative forms ne... pas, ne... jamais, ne... plus, ne... guère
- Omission of the article
- Demonstrative determiners
- Possessive determiners
Personal and impersonal pronouns
Adjectives
- Adjectives modifying the noun
- Adjectives which follow verbs or verbal expressions
- Adjectives with complements
- Indefinite and negative noun phrases with adjective complements
- Adjectives used as nouns
- Adjectives used as adverbs
- Masculine and feminine forms of adjectives
- Plural forms of adjectives
- Adjective agreement with nouns
- Invariable adjectives
- Compound adjectives
- Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives
- Subjunctive versus indicative in clauses dependent on a superlative adjective
- Absolute use of the superlative
Adverbs
- Function of adverbs
- Formation of adverbs with the ending -ment
- Adjectives used as adverbs without addition of -ment
- Phrases used as adverbs
- English and French adverb formation
- Types of adverbs
- Location of adverbs
Numbers, measurements, time and quantifiers
- Cardinal numbers
- Ordinal numbers
- Fractions
- Some differences in the use of cardinal and ordinal numbers in French and English
- Measurements and comparisons
- Dates, days, years
- Clock time
- Money
- Quantifiers
Verb forms
- Conjugations
- Easy ways of generating some parts of the paradigms
- Changes in the stem form of some -er conjugation verbs
- Verbs whose stems end in c- or g-
- Verb paradigms
Verb constructions
- Relations between verbs and their complements
- Intransitive constructions
- Directly transitive verbs
- Indirectly transitive verbs
- Ditransitive verbs
- The passive
- Pronominal verbs
- Impersonal verbs
- Verbs which take noun + adjective or noun + noun complements
Verb and participle agreement
- Subject-verb agreement
- Agreement of the past participle with the subject of être
- Agreement of the past participle of verbs conjugated with avoir with a preceding direct object
- Agreement of the past participle of pronominal verbs in compound tenses
Tense
- The present
- The past
- The future
- Other tenses indicating the time at which events occur relative to other events
- Combining tenses
- Tenses in direct and reported descriptions of events
- Tenses with si
The subjunctive, modal verbs, exclamatives and imperatives
- The attitude of the subject to events: the subjunctive
- The use of devoir, pouvoir, savoir, falloir
- The French equivalents of the English modal verbs: 'would', 'should', 'could', 'may', 'might', 'ought to', and 'must'
- Exclamatives
- Imperatives
The infinitive
- Introduction: what are infinitives?
- Infinitives as complements to other verbs
- Verbs which take infinitive complements without a linking preposition
- Verbs which take infinitive complements preceded by the preposition à
- Verbs which take an infinitive complement preceded by de
- Omission of objects before infinitives
- Infinitives as complements to adjectives
- Infinitives as complements to nouns
- Infinitives in subordinate clauses
- Infinitives as polite commands
- Quick-reference index to verbs taking infinitive complements
Prepositions
- Introduction
- Prepositions listed alphabetically from à to vers
- French translations for common English prepositions
Question formation
- Introduction
- Yes/no questions
- Information questions
- Order of object pronouns in questions involving inversion
- Order of negative particles in questions involving inversion
- Use of question words and phrases: qui?, que?, quoi?, quel?, de qui?, avec combien de? etc.
- Indirect questions
Relative clauses
- Introduction
- Use of relative qui
- Use of relative que
- Preposition plus qui
- Use of lequel in relative clauses
- Use of dont, de qui, duquel/de laquelle/desquels/desquelles
- The use of où as a relative pronoun
- Use of relative quoi
- Free relative clauses and the use of ce qui, ce que, ce dont, ce à quoi, ce sur quoi, etc.
- Translating 'whoever', 'whatever', 'wherever', 'whenever', 'however'
- Indicative and subjunctive in relative clauses
Negation
- Introduction
- Location of sentence negators
- Order of negators in multiple negation
- Omission of ne in sentence negation
- Order of negative elements in questions and imperatives
- ne... pas
- ne... que
- ne... aucun(e), ne... nul(le)
- ne... jamais
- ne... plus
- ne... guère
- ne... rien
- ne... personne
- ne... ni... ni
- sans used with other negators
- ne used alone
Conjunctions and other linking constructions
- Introduction
- Coordinating conjunctions
- Subordinating conjunctions
- Conjunctions sometimes confused by English speakers
- Repeated subordinating conjunctions
- Subordinating conjunctions used with infinitive clauses
- après avoir/ être + past participle linking an infinitive clause to a main clause
- Past participle phrases used as linkers
- Present participles and gerunds