Language/French/Grammar/Pronominal-verbs-used-as-passives
Definitions
Pronominal Verbs
Pronominal verbs ("Les verbes pronominaux" in French), of which there are several categories, are verbs that are constructed with a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous) of the same person as the subject.
This pronoun is always placed before the verb.
Active Voice and Passive Voice
→ The active voice presents the subject as the agent of the action.
Example:
- Nos amis construisent une maison.
Our friends are building a house.
→ By reversal, the passive voice presents the subject as an agent undergoing the action.
Example:
- Une maison est construite par nos amis.
A house is built by our friends.
→ Passive transformation is only possible with verbs which accept a indirect object complement (transitive verbs ). It cannot be used in the passive voice when:
→ The verb of the sentence does not admit an additional object.
It is an intransitive verb (tomber, courir, rire, nager...) (to fall, run, laugh, swim ...)
→ The verb of the sentence must be constructed with an indirect object complement (parler de, penser à, croire en...) (talking about, thinking about, believing in ...)
Example:
- Pierre pensait à son inscription à la faculté de médecine.
Pierre was thinking about his enrollment in the faculty of medicine.
This sentence cannot be transformed in the passive voice.
The verb in the passive voice consists of two parts:
- The auxiliary "être", which is combined according to the mode, the time, the person and the number.
- The past participle of the verb, which indicates the action.
Voix active | Voix passive | |||
French | English | French | English | |
Present | J'aime | I love | Je suis aimé (e) | I am loved |
Imperfect | J'aimais | I loved | J'étais aimé (e) | I was loved |
Future | J'aimerai | I would love | Je serai aimé (e) | I will be loved |
Perfect | J'ai aimé | I have loved | J'ai été aimé (e) | I was loved |
Conditional | J'aimerais | I would love | Je serais aimé (e) | I would be loved |
Past conditional | J'aurais aimé | I would have loved | J'aurais été aimé (e) | I would have been loved |
Imperative | aime ! | love! | Sois aimé (e) | Be loved |
Pronominal verbs used as passives
Pronominal verbs are increasingly used with a meaning equivalent to an English passive:
- Les jeux électroniques se vendent comme des petits pains
Computer games are selling like hot cakes
- Ces verbes se conjugent avec 'être'
These verbs are conjugated with 'être'
- Le français se parle au Canada et en Afrique
Trench is spoken in Canada and in Africa
- Les baskets s'achètent dans les magasins de sport
Trainers can be bought in sports shops
- Les valeurs se maintiennent à la Bourse
Stocks and shares are holding up on the Stock Exchange
- Cela ne se fait pas
That is just not done
- Ce vin se boit chambré
This wine is drunk at room temperature
- La vengeance est un plat qui se mange froid
Revenge is a meal to be eaten cold
- C'est une revue qui se lit facilement
This journal is easy to read