Language/French/Grammar/Typical-use-of-the-indefinite-article

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How do we use the indefinite article in French?

Definition: Definite article

In French, nouns are almost always preceded by an article or a determiner. This indicates the gender of the noun (masculine or feminine) and its number (singular or plural).

The definite article (articles définis) (le, la, les) goes with a noun whose meaning is completely determined.

They correspond to the English article the.

Example:

  • sur la table

on the table,

  • près de la fenêtre

near the window


Lessons : Definite article & Indefinite article


New, countable & concrete nouns

You can use the indefinite article to introduce a new, concrete, countable noun (maison, tableau, livre, voiture, etc.):

  • Je me suis trouvé une joli propriété en Espagne

I found myself a nice property in Spain

  • Voulez-vous admirer un Cézanne?

Do you want to admire a Cézanne?

Countable & concrete entities

Another is to describe a general class of countable, concrete entities:

  • Normalement une voiture a quatre roues et un vélo en a deux

Normally a car has four wheels and a bike two

  • II s'agit d'une erreur classique d'un élève de CM2

This is a classic mistake made by a CM2 student.


In this 'generic' use, the indefinite article is usually interchangeable with a plural definite article:

  • Normalement les voitures ont quatre roues et les vélos en ont deux
  • Il s'agit d'une erreur classique des élèves de CM2 de + definite article les

Abstract nouns

Abstract nouns (courage, beauté, réalisme, importance, etc.) are normally accompanied by the definite article. But when they are modified by an adjective they take an indefinite article.


Compare:

  • II admire le courage

He admires courage


  • Il a fait preuve d'un courage peu ordinaire

He showed extraordinary courage


  • La beauté du paysage nous étonnait

The beauty of the countryside astonished us


  • Le paysage était d'une beauté étonnante

The countryside was astonishingly beautiful

Other chapters

Table of Contents

Nouns


Determiners


Personal and impersonal pronouns


Adjectives


Adverbs


Numbers, measurements, time and quantifiers


Verb forms


Verb constructions


Verb and participle agreement


Tense


The subjunctive, modal verbs, exclamatives and imperatives


The infinitive


Prepositions


Question formation


Relative clauses


Negation


Conjunctions and other linking constructions

Contributors

Maintenance script


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