Difference between revisions of "Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Word-Order"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]]  → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Grammar → Word Order</div>
__TOC__
== Introduction ==
In this lesson, we will explore the basic word order in Indonesian sentences. Understanding word order is essential for constructing meaningful and grammatically correct sentences. In Indonesian, the typical word order is subject-verb-object, similar to English. However, Indonesian does not have strict rules for word order, which allows for more flexibility and creativity in sentence construction. Let's dive into the details of word order in Indonesian and learn how to form well-structured sentences.
== Subject-Verb-Object Word Order ==
In Indonesian, the subject-verb-object (SVO) word order is the most commonly used. This means that the subject comes before the verb, and the object comes after the verb. Let's break down each component and understand how they fit together.
=== Subject ===
The subject of a sentence is the person or thing that performs the action or is described by the verb. In Indonesian, the subject is typically placed at the beginning of the sentence. Here are some examples:
* Saya makan nasi. (I eat rice.)
* Ani belajar bahasa Indonesia. (Ani learns Indonesian.)
* Mereka pergi ke toko. (They go to the store.)


<div class="pg_page_title">Indonesian Grammar → Basic Grammar → Word Order</div>
=== Verb ===


__TOC__
The verb is the action or state of being in a sentence. In Indonesian, the verb usually follows the subject. Here are some examples:


As a beginner in Indonesian language learning, it is essential to understand the basics of sentence structure. Word order for sentences in Indonesian language generally follows the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) pattern, which is similar to the English language. In this lesson, we will explore Indonesian word order in more detail and understand its use in different sentence structures.
* Saya makan nasi. (I eat rice.)
* Ani belajar bahasa Indonesia. (Ani learns Indonesian.)
* Mereka pergi ke toko. (They go to the store.)


=== Object ===


<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]] & [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Direct-Speech|Direct Speech]].</span>
The object is the person or thing that receives the action of the verb. In Indonesian, the object typically comes after the verb. Here are some examples:
== Basic Word Order ==


The SVO sentence structure consists of three elements, the subject, the verb, and the object. The subject is usually at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the verb, and then the object. The verb describes the action being taken by the subject, and the object describes the entity affected by the action described by the verb.
* Saya makan nasi. (I eat rice.)
* Ani belajar bahasa Indonesia. (Ani learns Indonesian.)
* Mereka pergi ke toko. (They go to the store.)


Let's take an example sentence "Saya makan nasi" which translates to "I eat rice" in English. Here, "Saya" (I) is the subject, "makan" (eat) is the verb, and "nasi" (rice) is the object. Therefore, the order of the words is the subject, verb, and object.
It's important to note that while the subject-verb-object word order is the most common in Indonesian, there are cases where it can be rearranged for emphasis or stylistic purposes. Let's explore some of these variations.


Here is another example sentence:
== Variations in Word Order ==


{| class="wikitable"
While the subject-verb-object word order is the default in Indonesian, there are instances where the word order can be rearranged for emphasis or stylistic purposes. Here are a few variations:
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Dia || Dee-ah || She/he
|-
| membeli || mem-bel-ee || buys
|-
| buku || boo-koo || book
|}


The sentence "Dia membeli buku" translates to "She/he buys a book" in English. Here, "Dia" (she/he) is the subject, "membeli" (buys) is the verb, and "buku" (book) is the object.
=== Object-Subject-Verb ===


It is important to remember that in Indonesian language, the subject and object can be swapped in a sentence without changing its meaning. However, this brings emphasis to the object. For example, "Dia membeli buku" and "Buku dibeli oleh dia" both mean "She/he buys a book," but the latter emphasises the object "buku" (book).
In some cases, the object can be placed before the subject and verb. This word order is used to emphasize the object or to create a more dramatic effect. Here are some examples:


== Special Word Order ==
* Nasi saya makan. (It is rice that I eat.)
* Bahasa Indonesia Ani belajar. (It is Indonesian that Ani learns.)
* Toko ke mereka pergi. (It is to the store that they go.)


Sometimes, adjectives or adverbs come before the noun, while the subject and verb remain in the same order. Here is an example sentence:
=== Verb-Object-Subject ===


{| class="wikitable"
Similarly, the verb can be placed before the object and subject for emphasis or dramatic effect. Here are some examples:
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| gadis itu || gah-dees ee-too || that girl
|-
| cantik sekali || chan-tick suh-kah-lee || very beautiful
|-
| menari || muh-nah-ree || dances
|}


The sentence "Gadis itu cantik sekali menari" translates to "That girl dances very beautifully" in English. Here, "Gadis itu" (that girl) is the subject, "menari" (dances) is the verb, and "cantik sekali" (very beautiful) is an adverb that describes the verb.
* Makan nasi saya. (It is eating rice that I do.)
* Belajar bahasa Indonesia Ani. (It is learning Indonesian that Ani does.)
* Pergi ke toko mereka. (It is going to the store that they do.)


Another special word order is used for questions. In Indonesian, there are two types of questions: yes-no questions and information questions. For yes-no questions, the word "apa" is placed at the beginning of the sentence, while for information questions, the question word (e.g. "siapa" for who, "kapan" for when, "di mana" for where) is placed at the beginning of the sentence. The verb and object follow the subject.
=== Subject-Object-Verb ===


Here is an example of both types of questions:
In certain cases, the subject can be placed before the object and verb. This word order is used to emphasize the subject or to create a more poetic or literary style. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
* Saya nasi makan. (I, rice, eat.)
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
* Ani bahasa Indonesia belajar. (Ani, Indonesian, learns.)
|-
* Mereka toko pergi. (They, store, go.)
| Apa || ah-pah || Do/Does
|-
| kamu || kah-moo || you
|-
| makan || mah-kahn || eat
|}


"Apa kamu makan" translates to "Do/Does you eat?" in English. Here, "Apa" (Do/Does) is the yes-no question word, "kamu" (you) is the subject, and "makan" (eat) is the verb.
It's important to note that these variations are not as common as the subject-verb-object word order, but they add versatility and richness to the Indonesian language.


{| class="wikitable"
== Questions and Word Order ==
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Kapan || kah-pan || When
|-
| kamu || kah-moo || you
|-
| makan || mah-kahn || eat
|}


"Kapan kamu makan" means "When do you eat?" Here, "Kapan" (When) is the information question word.
When asking questions in Indonesian, the word order remains the same as in declarative sentences (subject-verb-object). However, the sentence is usually marked with a question particle or an interrogative word. Let's look at some examples:


== Conclusion ==
* Apa kamu makan nasi? (What are you eating?)
* Siapa belajar bahasa Indonesia? (Who is learning Indonesian?)
* Ke mana mereka pergi? (Where are they going?)


The basic word order for Indonesian sentences follows the SVO pattern, with the subject, verb, and object in that order. However, special word orders exist for adjectives/adverbs and questions. With practice, you will be able to speak and understand Indonesian sentences with ease.
As you can see, the subject-verb-object word order is maintained, but the question particle or interrogative word indicates that it is a question.


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== Summary ==
==Sources==
* [https://www.indonesianpod101.com/blog/2020/08/07/indonesian-word-order/ The Basics of Indonesian Sentence Structure & Word Order]
* [https://langsci.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1012/2019/01/13-Stack.pdf Word Order and Intonation in Indonesian*]
* [https://masteringbahasa.com/indonesian-word-order Indonesian Word Order - Formula - Examples - MasteringBahasa.com]


In this lesson, we learned about the basic word order in Indonesian sentences: subject-verb-object. We saw that the subject typically comes before the verb, and the object comes after the verb. However, Indonesian allows for variations in word order for emphasis or stylistic purposes. We explored variations such as object-subject-verb, verb-object-subject, and subject-object-verb. We also learned that the word order remains the same in questions, with the addition of question particles or interrogative words. By understanding and practicing word order, you will be able to construct well-formed Indonesian sentences and express yourself more effectively.


<span link>Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Verbs-in-Indonesian|Verbs in Indonesian]] & [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Indonesian Grammar → Basic Grammar → Word Order
|title=Indonesian Grammar → Basic Grammar → Word Order
|keywords=Indonesian language, Indonesian word order, SVO, subject-verb-object pattern, adjectives, adverbs, yes-no questions, information questions
|keywords=Indonesian, grammar, basic grammar, word order, subject-verb-object, Indonesian sentences, SVO word order, subject, verb, object, variations in word order, questions, interrogative words, Indonesian language
|description=In this lesson, we will explore Indonesian word order in more detail and understand its use in different sentence structures, with practical examples and pronunciation guides.
|description=Learn about the basic word order in Indonesian sentences: subject-verb-object. Explore variations in word order, questions, and interrogative words. Improve your understanding of Indonesian grammar and sentence construction.
}}
}}


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==Sources==
* [https://www.indonesianpod101.com/blog/2020/08/07/indonesian-word-order/ The Basics of Indonesian Sentence Structure & Word Order]
* [https://langsci.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1012/2019/01/13-Stack.pdf Word Order and Intonation in Indonesian*]
* [https://masteringbahasa.com/indonesian-word-order Indonesian Word Order - Formula - Examples - MasteringBahasa.com]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]


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Latest revision as of 12:04, 17 June 2023

◀️ Greetings and Introductions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Indonesian Nouns ▶️

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Indonesian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Grammar → Word Order

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the basic word order in Indonesian sentences. Understanding word order is essential for constructing meaningful and grammatically correct sentences. In Indonesian, the typical word order is subject-verb-object, similar to English. However, Indonesian does not have strict rules for word order, which allows for more flexibility and creativity in sentence construction. Let's dive into the details of word order in Indonesian and learn how to form well-structured sentences.

Subject-Verb-Object Word Order[edit | edit source]

In Indonesian, the subject-verb-object (SVO) word order is the most commonly used. This means that the subject comes before the verb, and the object comes after the verb. Let's break down each component and understand how they fit together.

Subject[edit | edit source]

The subject of a sentence is the person or thing that performs the action or is described by the verb. In Indonesian, the subject is typically placed at the beginning of the sentence. Here are some examples:

  • Saya makan nasi. (I eat rice.)
  • Ani belajar bahasa Indonesia. (Ani learns Indonesian.)
  • Mereka pergi ke toko. (They go to the store.)

Verb[edit | edit source]

The verb is the action or state of being in a sentence. In Indonesian, the verb usually follows the subject. Here are some examples:

  • Saya makan nasi. (I eat rice.)
  • Ani belajar bahasa Indonesia. (Ani learns Indonesian.)
  • Mereka pergi ke toko. (They go to the store.)

Object[edit | edit source]

The object is the person or thing that receives the action of the verb. In Indonesian, the object typically comes after the verb. Here are some examples:

  • Saya makan nasi. (I eat rice.)
  • Ani belajar bahasa Indonesia. (Ani learns Indonesian.)
  • Mereka pergi ke toko. (They go to the store.)

It's important to note that while the subject-verb-object word order is the most common in Indonesian, there are cases where it can be rearranged for emphasis or stylistic purposes. Let's explore some of these variations.

Variations in Word Order[edit | edit source]

While the subject-verb-object word order is the default in Indonesian, there are instances where the word order can be rearranged for emphasis or stylistic purposes. Here are a few variations:

Object-Subject-Verb[edit | edit source]

In some cases, the object can be placed before the subject and verb. This word order is used to emphasize the object or to create a more dramatic effect. Here are some examples:

  • Nasi saya makan. (It is rice that I eat.)
  • Bahasa Indonesia Ani belajar. (It is Indonesian that Ani learns.)
  • Toko ke mereka pergi. (It is to the store that they go.)

Verb-Object-Subject[edit | edit source]

Similarly, the verb can be placed before the object and subject for emphasis or dramatic effect. Here are some examples:

  • Makan nasi saya. (It is eating rice that I do.)
  • Belajar bahasa Indonesia Ani. (It is learning Indonesian that Ani does.)
  • Pergi ke toko mereka. (It is going to the store that they do.)

Subject-Object-Verb[edit | edit source]

In certain cases, the subject can be placed before the object and verb. This word order is used to emphasize the subject or to create a more poetic or literary style. Here are some examples:

  • Saya nasi makan. (I, rice, eat.)
  • Ani bahasa Indonesia belajar. (Ani, Indonesian, learns.)
  • Mereka toko pergi. (They, store, go.)

It's important to note that these variations are not as common as the subject-verb-object word order, but they add versatility and richness to the Indonesian language.

Questions and Word Order[edit | edit source]

When asking questions in Indonesian, the word order remains the same as in declarative sentences (subject-verb-object). However, the sentence is usually marked with a question particle or an interrogative word. Let's look at some examples:

  • Apa kamu makan nasi? (What are you eating?)
  • Siapa belajar bahasa Indonesia? (Who is learning Indonesian?)
  • Ke mana mereka pergi? (Where are they going?)

As you can see, the subject-verb-object word order is maintained, but the question particle or interrogative word indicates that it is a question.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we learned about the basic word order in Indonesian sentences: subject-verb-object. We saw that the subject typically comes before the verb, and the object comes after the verb. However, Indonesian allows for variations in word order for emphasis or stylistic purposes. We explored variations such as object-subject-verb, verb-object-subject, and subject-object-verb. We also learned that the word order remains the same in questions, with the addition of question particles or interrogative words. By understanding and practicing word order, you will be able to construct well-formed Indonesian sentences and express yourself more effectively.

Table of Contents - Indonesian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Pronouns and Greetings


Basic Grammar


Daily Life


Sentence Structure


Indonesian Culture


Travel and Transportation


Verb Tenses


Shopping and Bargaining


Indonesian Arts


Modal Verbs


Colors and Shapes


Comparative and Superlative


Indonesian Traditions


Emergencies


Indirect and Direct Speech


Jobs and Professions


Indonesian Holidays


Sources[edit | edit source]



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Greetings and Introductions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Indonesian Nouns ▶️

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