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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Indonesian/Vocabulary/Shapes|◀️ Shapes — Previous Lesson]]
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{{Indonesian-Page-Top}}
{{Indonesian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]]  → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Comparative</div>
In this lesson, we will explore the fascinating world of comparatives in the Indonesian language. Understanding how to compare things is essential for effective communication, whether you're describing people, objects, or experiences. Comparatives help us express differences and similarities, adding depth to our conversations. By the end of this lesson, you'll be equipped to make comparisons using the words ''lebih'', ''lebih dari'', and ''sama...dengan''.
In this lesson, we will cover:
* The structure and usage of comparatives in Indonesian
* Detailed explanations of the key comparative words
* Numerous examples to illustrate each point


<div class="pg_page_title">Indonesian Grammar → Comparative and Superlative → Comparative</div>
* Exercises to reinforce your understanding and application
 
So, let’s dive into this exciting aspect of Indonesian grammar!


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h1>Comparatives in Indonesian</h1>
=== Understanding Comparatives ===
 
Comparatives are used to compare two or more things. In Indonesian, the most common ways to express comparisons are:
 
* '''Lebih''' - Meaning "more"
 
* '''Lebih dari''' - Meaning "more than"
 
* '''Sama...dengan''' - Meaning "the same as"
 
These words help us articulate differences in quality, quantity, or degree. Let's break down each one.
 
==== Using "Lebih" ====
 
The word ''lebih'' is used to indicate a higher degree of a particular quality. It's often followed by an adjective.
 
For example:
 
* ''Dia lebih tinggi.'' (He is taller.)
 
* ''Buku ini lebih menarik.'' (This book is more interesting.)
 
Let's look at some more examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Dia lebih cepat. || diˈa ˈle.biʔ tʃeˈpat || He is faster.
 
|-
 
| Mobil itu lebih mahal. || ˈmo.bil ˈi.tu ˈle.biʔ ˈma.hal || That car is more expensive.
 
|-
 
| Dia lebih pintar daripada saya. || diˈa ˈle.biʔ ˈpin.tar daˈra.paˈn ˈsa.ja || She is smarter than I am.
 
|-
 
| Kue ini lebih enak. || ˈku.e ˈi.ni ˈle.biʔ ˈe.nak || This cake is tastier.
 
|-
 
| Film itu lebih seru. || ˈfilm ˈi.tu ˈle.biʔ ˈsə.ru || That movie is more thrilling.
 
|}
 
==== Using "Lebih Dari" ====
 
The phrase ''lebih dari'' is used to compare two entities by emphasizing that one exceeds the other in quality or quantity.
 
For example:
 
* ''Saya lebih tinggi dari dia.'' (I am taller than him.)
 
* ''Dia lebih pintar dari saya.'' (He is smarter than me.)
 
Here are more examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Dia lebih tinggi dari saya. || diˈa ˈle.biʔ ˈtiŋ.gi ˈda.ri ˈsa.ja || He is taller than me.
 
|-
 
| Buku ini lebih berat dari buku itu. || ˈbu.ku ˈi.ni ˈle.biʔ ˈbə.rat ˈda.ri ˈbu.ku ˈi.tu || This book is heavier than that book.
 
|-
 
| Mobil ini lebih cepat dari mobil itu. || ˈmo.bil ˈi.ni ˈle.biʔ ˈtʃeˈpat ˈda.ri ˈmo.bil ˈi.tu || This car is faster than that car.
 
|-
 
| Saya lebih kaya dari dia. || ˈsa.ja ˈle.biʔ ˈka.ja ˈda.ri diˈa || I am richer than him.
 
|-
 
| Restoran ini lebih mahal dari restoran itu. || rɛs.tɔˈran ˈi.ni ˈle.biʔ ˈma.hal ˈda.ri rɛs.tɔˈran ˈi.tu || This restaurant is more expensive than that restaurant.
 
|}
 
==== Using "Sama...Dengan" ====
 
The phrase ''sama...dengan'' is used to indicate equality between two entities. It translates to "the same as."
 
For example:
 
* ''Dia sama tinggi dengan saya.'' (He is the same height as me.)
 
* ''Buku ini sama menarik dengan buku itu.'' (This book is as interesting as that book.)
 
Let's look at more examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Dia sama pintar dengan saya. || diˈa ˈsa.ma ˈpin.tar ˈdəŋ.an ˈsa.ja || He is as smart as I am.
 
|-
 
| Mobil ini sama cepat dengan mobil itu. || ˈmo.bil ˈi.ni ˈsa.ma ˈtʃeˈpat ˈdəŋ.an ˈmo.bil ˈi.tu || This car is as fast as that car.
 
|-
 
| Kue ini sama enak dengan kue di sana. || ˈku.e ˈi.ni ˈsa.ma ˈe.nak ˈdəŋ.an ˈku.e di ˈsa.na || This cake is as delicious as the cake over there.
 
|-
 
| Dia sama kaya dengan saya. || diˈa ˈsa.ma ˈka.ja ˈdəŋ.an ˈsa.ja || He is as rich as I am.
 
|-
 
| Restoran ini sama mahal dengan restoran di kota. || rɛs.tɔˈran ˈi.ni ˈsa.ma ˈma.hal ˈdəŋ.an rɛs.tɔˈran di ˈko.ta || This restaurant is as expensive as the restaurant in the city.
 
|}
 
=== Summary of Comparatives ===
 
To summarize, here’s a quick recap of how to use the comparative forms in Indonesian:
 
* '''Lebih''': Use to express "more" when comparing qualities.
 
* '''Lebih dari''': Use to indicate that one entity exceeds another.
 
* '''Sama...dengan''': Use to indicate equality between two entities.
 
Now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!
 
=== Exercises ===
 
To help reinforce what you’ve learned, here are some exercises. Try to complete them and then check your answers below.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the following sentences using ''lebih'', ''lebih dari'', or ''sama...dengan''.
 
1. Mobil ini ___ cepat ___ mobil itu.
 
2. Dia ___ pintar ___ saya.
 
3. Kue ini ___ enak ___ kue di restoran lain.
 
4. Saya ___ tinggi ___ dia.
 
5. Restoran ini ___ mahal ___ restoran di pusat kota.
 
==== Exercise 2: Match the Sentences ====
 
Match the Indonesian sentences with their English translations.
 
1. Dia lebih cepat dari saya. 
 
2. Buku ini sama menarik dengan film itu. 
 
3. Saya sama kaya dengan dia. 
 
4. Mobil itu lebih mahal dari mobil ini. 
 
5. Dia lebih tinggi dari saya. 
 
A. He is taller than me. 
 
B. This book is as interesting as that movie. 


<p>As a beginner learning Indonesian, you'll quickly encounter terms that indicate relative value, such as more, less, and the adjective construction of comparative and superlative degrees. This lesson will cover the comparative degree, and how to express that one object or person is greater or less than another object or person in Indonesian. </p>
C. I am as rich as him.


<h2>Making Comparisons with "Lebih" and "Kurang"</h2>
D. That car is more expensive than this car. 


<p>Indonesian language uses "lebih" and "kurang" to make comparisons of relative values. "Lebih" means "more," while "kurang" means "less." For example:</p>
E. He is faster than me.


<table class="wikitable">
==== Exercise 3: Create Your Own Comparatives ====
    <tr>
        <th>Indonesian</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English Translation</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Ini lebih besar dari itu.</td>
        <td>Inee luh-eih bah-sar dah-ree e-toe.</td>
        <td>This is bigger than that.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Andi kurang pintar dari Beni.</td>
        <td>Ahn-dee koor-ahng pin-tar dah-ree beh-nee.</td>
        <td>Andi is less smart than Beni.</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<p>Notice that "dari" translates to 'than' in these sentences.</p>
Write three sentences comparing two items using ''lebih'', ''lebih dari'', and ''sama...dengan''.  


<h2>The Comparative "Dari"</h2>
For example:


<p>So far, we've looked at "lebih" and "kurang" as ways to make comparisons by saying one thing is 'more' or 'less' than another. However, one of the common ways to make comparisons between two items in Indonesian is to use "dari."</p>
1. ________________________________________________________


<p>The word "dari" means "from" or "than". When used as "than," "dari" must be placed after the objects being compared. Sometimes, "dari" is omitted entirely, which is more common when comparing adjectives. As a rule, always use "dari" to make greater-than and less-than comparisons:</p>
2. ________________________________________________________


<table class="wikitable">
3. ________________________________________________________
    <tr>
        <th>Indonesian</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English Translation</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Mobilku lebih cepat dari mobilnya.</td>
        <td>Moe-beel-koo luh-eih cheh-paht dah-ree moe-beel-nya.</td>
        <td>My car is faster than his/her car.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Adikku lebih pendek dari kakaknya.</td>
        <td>Ah-dik-koo luh-eih pen-dehk dah-ree kah-kahk-nya.</td>
        <td>My younger sibling is shorter than my older sibling.</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<h2>Equality with "Sama" and "Sama Seperti"</h2>
=== Solutions ===


<p>The word "sama" means "same," while "sama dengan" or "sama seperti" mean "the same as." These terms are used to indicate an equivalence of value and both constructions appear to be interchangeable:</p>
Here are the solutions for the exercises.


<table class="wikitable">
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
    <tr>
        <th>Indonesian</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English Translation</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Myrna sama cantik dengan Elsa.</td>
        <td>Meer-nah sah-mah chan-teek den-gan El-sa.</td>
        <td>Myrna is as pretty as Elsa.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Ini sama hebat seperti itu.</td>
        <td>Inee sah-mah heh-bat se-purr-tee e-toe.</td>
        <td>This is as great as that (thing).</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<h2>Comparative Practice</h2>
1. Mobil ini '''lebih''' cepat '''dari''' mobil itu.


<p>Ready for some practice? Try creating some of your own comparative sentences. Here are some example prompts to get you going:</p>
2. Dia '''lebih''' pintar '''dari''' saya.


<ul>
3. Kue ini '''sama''' enak '''dengan''' kue di restoran lain.
    <li>Who is taller, your grandparents or your parents?</li>
    <li>Which country is bigger, Indonesia or Thailand?</li>
    <li>What is more delicious, chicken or beef?</li>
</ul>


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
4. Saya '''lebih''' tinggi '''dari''' dia.


<p>Congratulations! You've learned about comparative construction in Indonesian. You now know how to compare two things based on their value, size or other qualities using "lebih," "kurang," "dari," "sama dengan," "sama seperti" and "sama." Keep practicing your Indonesian, and try to use these constructions every day to internalize their usage.</p>
5. Restoran ini '''lebih''' mahal '''dari''' restoran di pusat kota.


<h2>Sources</h2>
==== Exercise 2: Match the Sentences ====
<ul>
 
    <li><a href="https://www.seasite.niu.edu/Indonesian/perbandingan__lebih_dari.htm">Perbandingan</a></li>
1. E
    <li><a href="https://studybahasa.com/grammar/relative-comparison-in-indonesian-with-lebih-kurang-dari-sama-dengan/">Relative Comparison in Indonesian with Lebih, Kurang, Dari, Sama Dengan</a></li>
 
</ul>
2. B
 
3. C
 
4. D
 
5. A
 
==== Exercise 3: Create Your Own Comparatives ====
 
Your sentences will vary. Here are some examples:
 
1. Mobil ini '''lebih''' cepat '''dari''' mobil merah.
 
2. Buku ini '''sama''' menarik '''dengan''' buku yang saya baca kemarin.
 
3. Dia '''lebih''' tinggi '''dari''' semua teman sekelasnya.
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
In this lesson, we've taken a journey through the world of comparatives in Indonesian. You've learned how to express differences and similarities using ''lebih'', ''lebih dari'', and ''sama...dengan''. These tools will not only enhance your language skills but also enrich your conversations. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be making comparisons like a pro!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Indonesian Grammar - Comparative and Superlative - Comparative
 
|keywords=Indonesian Grammar, Comparative, Superlative, lebih, kurang, dari, sama, yang lebih, yang kurang, pendek, panjang, tinggi, rendah
|title=Indonesian Grammar: Comparatives for Beginners
|description=In this Indonesian grammar lesson, you’ll learn about the comparative degree and how to express that one object or person is greater or less than another object or person in Indonesian.
 
|keywords=Indonesian, grammar, comparatives, language learning, beginners
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to compare things in Indonesian using comparatives like lebih, lebih dari, and sama...dengan. Perfect for beginners!
 
}}
}}


{{Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Template:Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Course]]
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[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
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<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay - Wikipedia]
* [https://ielanguages.com/indonesian-comparative.html Indonesian Comparative and Superlative - ielanguages.com]
* [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-comparative-study-between-Indonesian-and-blend-Rahmannia-Widodo/8fc1364f43d9ff806b584a82daae57300072e351 The comparative study between Indonesian and English blend ...]




==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Superlative|Superlative]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Superlative|Superlative]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Indonesian|Definite Articles in Indonesian]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Indonesian|Definite Articles in Indonesian]]
Line 125: Line 297:
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]


{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Indonesian/Vocabulary/Shapes|◀️ Shapes — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Superlative|Next Lesson — Superlative ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 19:52, 31 July 2024

◀️ Shapes — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Superlative ▶️

Indonesian-flag-polyglotclub.png
Indonesian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Comparative

In this lesson, we will explore the fascinating world of comparatives in the Indonesian language. Understanding how to compare things is essential for effective communication, whether you're describing people, objects, or experiences. Comparatives help us express differences and similarities, adding depth to our conversations. By the end of this lesson, you'll be equipped to make comparisons using the words lebih, lebih dari, and sama...dengan.

In this lesson, we will cover:

  • The structure and usage of comparatives in Indonesian
  • Detailed explanations of the key comparative words
  • Numerous examples to illustrate each point
  • Exercises to reinforce your understanding and application

So, let’s dive into this exciting aspect of Indonesian grammar!

Understanding Comparatives[edit | edit source]

Comparatives are used to compare two or more things. In Indonesian, the most common ways to express comparisons are:

  • Lebih - Meaning "more"
  • Lebih dari - Meaning "more than"
  • Sama...dengan - Meaning "the same as"

These words help us articulate differences in quality, quantity, or degree. Let's break down each one.

Using "Lebih"[edit | edit source]

The word lebih is used to indicate a higher degree of a particular quality. It's often followed by an adjective.

For example:

  • Dia lebih tinggi. (He is taller.)
  • Buku ini lebih menarik. (This book is more interesting.)

Let's look at some more examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Dia lebih cepat. diˈa ˈle.biʔ tʃeˈpat He is faster.
Mobil itu lebih mahal. ˈmo.bil ˈi.tu ˈle.biʔ ˈma.hal That car is more expensive.
Dia lebih pintar daripada saya. diˈa ˈle.biʔ ˈpin.tar daˈra.paˈn ˈsa.ja She is smarter than I am.
Kue ini lebih enak. ˈku.e ˈi.ni ˈle.biʔ ˈe.nak This cake is tastier.
Film itu lebih seru. ˈfilm ˈi.tu ˈle.biʔ ˈsə.ru That movie is more thrilling.

Using "Lebih Dari"[edit | edit source]

The phrase lebih dari is used to compare two entities by emphasizing that one exceeds the other in quality or quantity.

For example:

  • Saya lebih tinggi dari dia. (I am taller than him.)
  • Dia lebih pintar dari saya. (He is smarter than me.)

Here are more examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Dia lebih tinggi dari saya. diˈa ˈle.biʔ ˈtiŋ.gi ˈda.ri ˈsa.ja He is taller than me.
Buku ini lebih berat dari buku itu. ˈbu.ku ˈi.ni ˈle.biʔ ˈbə.rat ˈda.ri ˈbu.ku ˈi.tu This book is heavier than that book.
Mobil ini lebih cepat dari mobil itu. ˈmo.bil ˈi.ni ˈle.biʔ ˈtʃeˈpat ˈda.ri ˈmo.bil ˈi.tu This car is faster than that car.
Saya lebih kaya dari dia. ˈsa.ja ˈle.biʔ ˈka.ja ˈda.ri diˈa I am richer than him.
Restoran ini lebih mahal dari restoran itu. rɛs.tɔˈran ˈi.ni ˈle.biʔ ˈma.hal ˈda.ri rɛs.tɔˈran ˈi.tu This restaurant is more expensive than that restaurant.

Using "Sama...Dengan"[edit | edit source]

The phrase sama...dengan is used to indicate equality between two entities. It translates to "the same as."

For example:

  • Dia sama tinggi dengan saya. (He is the same height as me.)
  • Buku ini sama menarik dengan buku itu. (This book is as interesting as that book.)

Let's look at more examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Dia sama pintar dengan saya. diˈa ˈsa.ma ˈpin.tar ˈdəŋ.an ˈsa.ja He is as smart as I am.
Mobil ini sama cepat dengan mobil itu. ˈmo.bil ˈi.ni ˈsa.ma ˈtʃeˈpat ˈdəŋ.an ˈmo.bil ˈi.tu This car is as fast as that car.
Kue ini sama enak dengan kue di sana. ˈku.e ˈi.ni ˈsa.ma ˈe.nak ˈdəŋ.an ˈku.e di ˈsa.na This cake is as delicious as the cake over there.
Dia sama kaya dengan saya. diˈa ˈsa.ma ˈka.ja ˈdəŋ.an ˈsa.ja He is as rich as I am.
Restoran ini sama mahal dengan restoran di kota. rɛs.tɔˈran ˈi.ni ˈsa.ma ˈma.hal ˈdəŋ.an rɛs.tɔˈran di ˈko.ta This restaurant is as expensive as the restaurant in the city.

Summary of Comparatives[edit | edit source]

To summarize, here’s a quick recap of how to use the comparative forms in Indonesian:

  • Lebih: Use to express "more" when comparing qualities.
  • Lebih dari: Use to indicate that one entity exceeds another.
  • Sama...dengan: Use to indicate equality between two entities.

Now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!

Exercises[edit | edit source]

To help reinforce what you’ve learned, here are some exercises. Try to complete them and then check your answers below.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences using lebih, lebih dari, or sama...dengan.

1. Mobil ini ___ cepat ___ mobil itu.

2. Dia ___ pintar ___ saya.

3. Kue ini ___ enak ___ kue di restoran lain.

4. Saya ___ tinggi ___ dia.

5. Restoran ini ___ mahal ___ restoran di pusat kota.

Exercise 2: Match the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Match the Indonesian sentences with their English translations.

1. Dia lebih cepat dari saya.

2. Buku ini sama menarik dengan film itu.

3. Saya sama kaya dengan dia.

4. Mobil itu lebih mahal dari mobil ini.

5. Dia lebih tinggi dari saya.

A. He is taller than me.

B. This book is as interesting as that movie.

C. I am as rich as him.

D. That car is more expensive than this car.

E. He is faster than me.

Exercise 3: Create Your Own Comparatives[edit | edit source]

Write three sentences comparing two items using lebih, lebih dari, and sama...dengan.

For example:

1. ________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Here are the solutions for the exercises.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

1. Mobil ini lebih cepat dari mobil itu.

2. Dia lebih pintar dari saya.

3. Kue ini sama enak dengan kue di restoran lain.

4. Saya lebih tinggi dari dia.

5. Restoran ini lebih mahal dari restoran di pusat kota.

Exercise 2: Match the Sentences[edit | edit source]

1. E

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. A

Exercise 3: Create Your Own Comparatives[edit | edit source]

Your sentences will vary. Here are some examples:

1. Mobil ini lebih cepat dari mobil merah.

2. Buku ini sama menarik dengan buku yang saya baca kemarin.

3. Dia lebih tinggi dari semua teman sekelasnya.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we've taken a journey through the world of comparatives in Indonesian. You've learned how to express differences and similarities using lebih, lebih dari, and sama...dengan. These tools will not only enhance your language skills but also enrich your conversations. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be making comparisons like a pro!

Table of Contents - Indonesian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Pronouns and Greetings


Basic Grammar


Daily Life


Sentence Structure


Indonesian Culture


Travel and Transportation


Verb Tenses


Shopping and Bargaining


Indonesian Arts


Modal Verbs


Colors and Shapes


Comparative and Superlative


Indonesian Traditions


Emergencies


Indirect and Direct Speech


Jobs and Professions


Indonesian Holidays

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Shapes — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Superlative ▶️

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