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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Indonesian/Vocabulary/Directions|◀️ Directions — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
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{{Indonesian-Page-Top}}
{{Indonesian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]]  → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Present Tense</div>
Welcome to our lesson on the '''Present Tense''' in Indonesian! Understanding the present tense is essential for anyone looking to communicate effectively in Indonesian. It allows you to express current actions, habits, and states of being. In this lesson, we'll break down how to use the present tense in Indonesian, focusing on important words like '''sedang''', '''lagi''', '''sudah''', and '''belum'''.


<div class="pg_page_title">Indonesian Grammar → Verb Tenses → Present Tense</div>
We’ll explore:
 
* The role of the present tense in conversation
 
* The use of '''sedang''', '''lagi''', '''sudah''', and '''belum'''
 
* A variety of examples to illustrate each point
 
* Exercises to help you practice
 
So, let’s dive in and get started!


__TOC__
__TOC__


=== Importance of the Present Tense ===


As a beginner in Indonesian language, you might find it difficult to master verb tenses. In this lesson, we will learn how to use the present tense in Indonesian. The present tense in Indonesian language includes four different aspects: sedang, lagi, sudah, and belum. These aspects are used to describe actions that are happening now or have started in the past and are still going on.
The present tense is crucial in any language as it helps convey ongoing actions or current situations. In Indonesian, the present tense can express:


=== Sedang ===
* Actions happening right now
Sedang is one of the aspects of the present tense in Indonesian. It is used to describe actions that are happening right now. It is similar to the English present continuous tense. Here are some examples:
 
* Repeated or habitual actions
 
* General truths
 
In Indonesian, we have specific words that modify the meaning of the present tense, adding more context to what we are saying. These include:
 
* '''Sedang''': indicates an action that is currently happening (similar to "is doing").
 
* '''Lagi''': often used in informal contexts to denote ongoing actions.
 
* '''Sudah''': means "already," indicating that an action has been completed.
 
* '''Belum''': means "not yet," indicating that an action has not been completed.
 
=== Using '''Sedang''' and '''Lagi''' ===
 
Both '''sedang''' and '''lagi''' can be used to indicate that an action is currently taking place. However, there are subtle differences in their usage.
 
==== '''Sedang''' ====
 
'''Sedang''' is more formal and is commonly used in written language.
 
==== '''Lagi''' ====
 
'''Lagi''' is more colloquial and often heard in everyday conversations.
 
Here's how they work:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Saya sedang belajar. || /ˈsa.ja ˈsɛ.dɑŋ bə.ˈla.d͡ʒar/ || I am studying.
|-
|-
| Saya sedang makan. || sa-ya se-dang ma-kan || I am eating.
 
| Dia lagi makan. || /ˈdi.ja ˈla.ɡi ˈma.kɑn/ || He/She is eating.
 
|-
|-
| Mereka sedang belajar. || me-re-ka se-dang be-la-jar || They are studying.
 
| Kami sedang menulis. || /ˈka.mi ˈsɛ.dɑŋ mə.ˈnu.lis/ || We are writing.
 
|-
|-
| Ayah sedang masak di dapur. || a-yah se-dang ma-sak di da-pur || Dad is cooking in the kitchen.
 
| Mereka lagi bermain. || /məˈrɛ.kɑ ˈla.ɡi bəˈrmaɪn/ || They are playing.
 
|}
|}


=== Lagi ===
=== Using '''Sudah''' and '''Belum''' ===
Lagi is another aspect of the present tense in Indonesian. It is used to describe actions that are happening now but are temporary or not expected to last long. It is similar to the English present continuous tense with the word "just". Here are some examples:
 
'''Sudah''' and '''belum''' are used to indicate the completion of an action.
 
==== '''Sudah''' ====
 
'''Sudah''' translates to "already" in English and suggests that an action has been completed.
 
==== '''Belum''' ====
 
'''Belum''' means "not yet," indicating that an action is still pending.
 
Let's see some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Saya lagi makan. || sa-ya la-gi ma-kan || I'm just eating.
 
| Saya sudah makan. || /ˈsa.ja ˈsu.dɑh ˈma.kɑn/ || I have already eaten.
 
|-
|-
| Dia lagi nonton TV. || dia la-gi non-ton TV || He's just watching TV.
 
| Dia belum tidur. || /ˈdi.ja bəˈlum ˈti.dur/ || He/She has not yet slept.
 
|-
|-
| Kamu lagi apa? || ka-mu la-gi a-pa || What are you up to?
 
| Kami sudah selesai. || /ˈka.mi ˈsu.dɑh sə.lɛˈsai/ || We have already finished.
 
|-
 
| Mereka belum datang. || /məˈrɛ.kɑ bəˈlum ˈda.tɑŋ/ || They have not yet arrived.
 
|}
|}


=== Sudah ===
=== Forming Sentences in the Present Tense ===
Sudah is used to describe actions that have been completed or finished. It is similar to the English present perfect tense. Here are some examples:
 
To construct sentences in the present tense, you typically follow this structure:
 
1. '''Subject'''
 
2. '''Verb (with modifiers like sedang, lagi, sudah, belum)'''
 
3. '''Object (if applicable)'''
 
For example:
 
* '''Saya (subject) sedang (verb modifier) belajar (verb).'''
 
* '''Dia (subject) sudah (verb modifier) pergi (verb).'''
 
=== Examples of Present Tense Sentences ===
 
Now let’s look at a variety of sentences to illustrate the use of present tense in different contexts:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Saya sudah makan. || sa-ya su-dah ma-kan || I have eaten.
 
| Saya sedang membaca buku. || /ˈsa.ja ˈsɛ.dɑŋ məmˈbɑ.t͡ʃa ˈbu.ku/ || I am reading a book.
 
|-
 
| Dia lagi menonton film. || /ˈdi.ja ˈla.ɡi məˈnɔntɔn ˈfi.lɛm/ || He/She is watching a movie.
 
|-
 
| Kami sudah sampai di rumah. || /ˈka.mi ˈsu.dɑh ˈsɑm.pai di ˈru.mɑh/ || We have already arrived home.
 
|-
 
| Mereka belum pergi ke pasar. || /məˈrɛ.kɑ bəˈlum pərˈɡi kə ˈpa.sɑr/ || They have not yet gone to the market.
 
|-
|-
| Kita sudah tiba di rumah. || ki-ta su-dah ti-ba di ru-mah || We have arrived home.
 
| Saya sedang belajar bahasa Indonesia. || /ˈsa.ja ˈsɛ.dɑŋ bə.ˈla.d͡ʒar bəˈha.sɑ ˌin.dʊˈnɛ.sja/ || I am learning Indonesian.
 
|-
|-
| Mereka sudah memberi uang itu. || me-re-ka su-dah mem-be-ri uang itu || They have given the money.
|}


=== Belum ===
| Dia sudah makan siang. || /ˈdi.ja ˈsu.dɑh ˈma.kɑn ˈsi.ɑŋ/ || He/She has already had lunch.
Belum is used to describe actions that have not been completed or are not finished yet. It is similar to the English present perfect tense with the word "not". Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Saya belum makan. || sa-ya be-lum ma-kan || I have not eaten yet.
 
| Kami sedang berolahraga. || /ˈka.mi ˈsɛ.dɑŋ bəˈro.lɑr.ɡa/ || We are exercising.
 
|-
|-
| Mereka belum tiba di Jakarta. || me-re-ka be-lum ti-ba di Ja-kar-ta || They have not arrived in Jakarta yet.
 
| Mereka lagi bermain di taman. || /məˈrɛ.kɑ ˈla.ɡi bəˈrmaɪn di ˈtɑ.mɑn/ || They are playing in the park.
 
|-
|-
| Ayah belum pulang. || a-yah be-lum pu-lang || Dad has not come home yet.
 
| Saya sudah membeli tiket. || /ˈsa.ja ˈsu.dɑh məmˈbɛl.i ˈti.kɛt/ || I have already bought a ticket.
 
|-
 
| Dia belum belajar untuk ujian. || /ˈdi.ja bəˈlum bə.ˈla.d͡ʒar ˈuŋ.tuk u.ˈd͡ʒi.jan/ || He/She has not yet studied for the exam.
 
|}
|}


=== Practice Exercises ===


Learning how to use the present tense in Indonesian is an important step towards mastering the language. I hope this lesson has been helpful to you in your language journey.
Now that we've covered the theory, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises for you to complete:


== Sources ==
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language Indonesian language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_grammar Indonesian grammar]


Complete the sentences with '''sedang''', '''lagi''', '''sudah''', or '''belum'''.
1. Dia ______ tidur.
2. Saya ______ makan.
3. Kami ______ pergi.
4. Mereka ______ belajar.
5. Dia ______ selesai.
==== Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences ====
Translate the following sentences into Indonesian.
1. I am reading a book.
2. He has already eaten.
3. They are playing in the park.
4. She has not yet studied.
5. We are exercising.
==== Exercise 3: Correct the Mistakes ====
Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Saya sudah bermain.
2. Dia sedang tidur.
3. Kami belum berjalan.
4. Mereka lagi makan.
5. Dia sudah belajar.
==== Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences ====
Write five sentences using '''sedang''', '''lagi''', '''sudah''', and '''belum'''.
==== Exercise 5: Multiple Choice ====
Choose the correct phrase to complete the sentences.
1. Saya ______ pergi ke pasar.
* a) sudah
* b) belum
* c) sedang
2. Dia ______ makan siang sekarang.
* a) sudah
* b) lagi
* c) belum
=== Solutions and Explanations ===
Let’s go through the exercises and provide detailed solutions.
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
1. Dia '''sedang''' tidur.
2. Saya '''lagi''' makan.
3. Kami '''sudah''' pergi.
4. Mereka '''belum''' belajar.
5. Dia '''sedang''' selesai.
==== Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences ====
1. Saya sedang membaca buku.
2. Dia sudah makan.
3. Mereka lagi bermain di taman.
4. Dia belum belajar.
5. Kami sedang berolahraga.
==== Exercise 3: Correct the Mistakes ====
1. Saya '''belum''' bermain. (if you haven't played yet)
2. Dia '''lagi''' tidur. (if it’s informal)
3. Kami '''sedang''' berjalan. (if you are currently walking)
4. Mereka '''sedang''' makan. (if they are currently eating)
5. Dia '''belum''' belajar. (if she/he hasn’t studied yet)
==== Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences ====
This exercise is subjective, but here are some examples you might use:
1. Saya sedang menulis.
2. Dia sudah pergi.
3. Kami lagi menonton TV.
4. Mereka belum datang.
5. Dia sedang bermain.
==== Exercise 5: Multiple Choice ====
1. Saya '''b) belum''' pergi ke pasar.
2. Dia '''b) lagi''' makan siang sekarang.
In this lesson, you’ve learned how to use the present tense in Indonesian with specific modifiers. With practice, you'll be able to express yourself clearly and confidently in various situations. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep using these structures in your daily conversations!
Happy learning!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Indonesian Grammar - Verb Tenses - Present Tense
 
|keywords=Indonesian, grammar, present tense, sedang, lagi, sudah, belum, aspect, language learning
|title=Indonesian Grammar: Present Tense
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use the present tense in Indonesian: sedang, lagi, sudah, belum. Mastering verb tenses is an important step towards mastering the language, so do not miss out on it!
 
|keywords=Indonesian present tense, belajar bahasa Indonesia, grammar, bahasa Indonesia, verbs, language learning
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use the present tense in Indonesian, focusing on words like sedang, lagi, sudah, and belum, with plenty of examples and exercises.
 
}}
}}


{{Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Template:Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Course]]
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[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
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[[Category:Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course]]
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<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
==Sources==
* [https://www.indonesianpod101.com/blog/2021/07/08/indonesian-tenses/ Indonesian Tenses: Expressing the Past, Present, and Future]
* [https://jembatanbahasa.com/is-indonesian-hard-to-learn/ Is Indonesian hard to learn?]
* [https://ielanguages.com/indonesian-verbs.html Indonesian Verb Tenses - ielanguages.com]
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Can-and-Must|Can and Must]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Direct-Speech|Direct Speech]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Comparative|Comparative]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/May-and-Should|May and Should]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Comaratives-and-Superlatives|Comaratives and Superlatives]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Indirect-Speech|Indirect Speech]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Word-Order|Word Order]]


{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Indonesian/Vocabulary/Directions|◀️ Directions — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 19:46, 31 July 2024

◀️ Directions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Indonesian-flag-polyglotclub.png
Indonesian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Present Tense

Welcome to our lesson on the Present Tense in Indonesian! Understanding the present tense is essential for anyone looking to communicate effectively in Indonesian. It allows you to express current actions, habits, and states of being. In this lesson, we'll break down how to use the present tense in Indonesian, focusing on important words like sedang, lagi, sudah, and belum.

We’ll explore:

  • The role of the present tense in conversation
  • The use of sedang, lagi, sudah, and belum
  • A variety of examples to illustrate each point
  • Exercises to help you practice

So, let’s dive in and get started!

Importance of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

The present tense is crucial in any language as it helps convey ongoing actions or current situations. In Indonesian, the present tense can express:

  • Actions happening right now
  • Repeated or habitual actions
  • General truths

In Indonesian, we have specific words that modify the meaning of the present tense, adding more context to what we are saying. These include:

  • Sedang: indicates an action that is currently happening (similar to "is doing").
  • Lagi: often used in informal contexts to denote ongoing actions.
  • Sudah: means "already," indicating that an action has been completed.
  • Belum: means "not yet," indicating that an action has not been completed.

Using Sedang and Lagi[edit | edit source]

Both sedang and lagi can be used to indicate that an action is currently taking place. However, there are subtle differences in their usage.

Sedang[edit | edit source]

Sedang is more formal and is commonly used in written language.

Lagi[edit | edit source]

Lagi is more colloquial and often heard in everyday conversations.

Here's how they work:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Saya sedang belajar. /ˈsa.ja ˈsɛ.dɑŋ bə.ˈla.d͡ʒar/ I am studying.
Dia lagi makan. /ˈdi.ja ˈla.ɡi ˈma.kɑn/ He/She is eating.
Kami sedang menulis. /ˈka.mi ˈsɛ.dɑŋ mə.ˈnu.lis/ We are writing.
Mereka lagi bermain. /məˈrɛ.kɑ ˈla.ɡi bəˈrmaɪn/ They are playing.

Using Sudah and Belum[edit | edit source]

Sudah and belum are used to indicate the completion of an action.

Sudah[edit | edit source]

Sudah translates to "already" in English and suggests that an action has been completed.

Belum[edit | edit source]

Belum means "not yet," indicating that an action is still pending.

Let's see some examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Saya sudah makan. /ˈsa.ja ˈsu.dɑh ˈma.kɑn/ I have already eaten.
Dia belum tidur. /ˈdi.ja bəˈlum ˈti.dur/ He/She has not yet slept.
Kami sudah selesai. /ˈka.mi ˈsu.dɑh sə.lɛˈsai/ We have already finished.
Mereka belum datang. /məˈrɛ.kɑ bəˈlum ˈda.tɑŋ/ They have not yet arrived.

Forming Sentences in the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

To construct sentences in the present tense, you typically follow this structure:

1. Subject

2. Verb (with modifiers like sedang, lagi, sudah, belum)

3. Object (if applicable)

For example:

  • Saya (subject) sedang (verb modifier) belajar (verb).
  • Dia (subject) sudah (verb modifier) pergi (verb).

Examples of Present Tense Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now let’s look at a variety of sentences to illustrate the use of present tense in different contexts:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Saya sedang membaca buku. /ˈsa.ja ˈsɛ.dɑŋ məmˈbɑ.t͡ʃa ˈbu.ku/ I am reading a book.
Dia lagi menonton film. /ˈdi.ja ˈla.ɡi məˈnɔntɔn ˈfi.lɛm/ He/She is watching a movie.
Kami sudah sampai di rumah. /ˈka.mi ˈsu.dɑh ˈsɑm.pai di ˈru.mɑh/ We have already arrived home.
Mereka belum pergi ke pasar. /məˈrɛ.kɑ bəˈlum pərˈɡi kə ˈpa.sɑr/ They have not yet gone to the market.
Saya sedang belajar bahasa Indonesia. /ˈsa.ja ˈsɛ.dɑŋ bə.ˈla.d͡ʒar bəˈha.sɑ ˌin.dʊˈnɛ.sja/ I am learning Indonesian.
Dia sudah makan siang. /ˈdi.ja ˈsu.dɑh ˈma.kɑn ˈsi.ɑŋ/ He/She has already had lunch.
Kami sedang berolahraga. /ˈka.mi ˈsɛ.dɑŋ bəˈro.lɑr.ɡa/ We are exercising.
Mereka lagi bermain di taman. /məˈrɛ.kɑ ˈla.ɡi bəˈrmaɪn di ˈtɑ.mɑn/ They are playing in the park.
Saya sudah membeli tiket. /ˈsa.ja ˈsu.dɑh məmˈbɛl.i ˈti.kɛt/ I have already bought a ticket.
Dia belum belajar untuk ujian. /ˈdi.ja bəˈlum bə.ˈla.d͡ʒar ˈuŋ.tuk u.ˈd͡ʒi.jan/ He/She has not yet studied for the exam.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the theory, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises for you to complete:

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with sedang, lagi, sudah, or belum.

1. Dia ______ tidur.

2. Saya ______ makan.

3. Kami ______ pergi.

4. Mereka ______ belajar.

5. Dia ______ selesai.

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Indonesian.

1. I am reading a book.

2. He has already eaten.

3. They are playing in the park.

4. She has not yet studied.

5. We are exercising.

Exercise 3: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. Saya sudah bermain.

2. Dia sedang tidur.

3. Kami belum berjalan.

4. Mereka lagi makan.

5. Dia sudah belajar.

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Write five sentences using sedang, lagi, sudah, and belum.

Exercise 5: Multiple Choice[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct phrase to complete the sentences.

1. Saya ______ pergi ke pasar.

  • a) sudah
  • b) belum
  • c) sedang

2. Dia ______ makan siang sekarang.

  • a) sudah
  • b) lagi
  • c) belum

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Let’s go through the exercises and provide detailed solutions.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

1. Dia sedang tidur.

2. Saya lagi makan.

3. Kami sudah pergi.

4. Mereka belum belajar.

5. Dia sedang selesai.

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

1. Saya sedang membaca buku.

2. Dia sudah makan.

3. Mereka lagi bermain di taman.

4. Dia belum belajar.

5. Kami sedang berolahraga.

Exercise 3: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

1. Saya belum bermain. (if you haven't played yet)

2. Dia lagi tidur. (if it’s informal)

3. Kami sedang berjalan. (if you are currently walking)

4. Mereka sedang makan. (if they are currently eating)

5. Dia belum belajar. (if she/he hasn’t studied yet)

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

This exercise is subjective, but here are some examples you might use:

1. Saya sedang menulis.

2. Dia sudah pergi.

3. Kami lagi menonton TV.

4. Mereka belum datang.

5. Dia sedang bermain.

Exercise 5: Multiple Choice[edit | edit source]

1. Saya b) belum pergi ke pasar.

2. Dia b) lagi makan siang sekarang.

In this lesson, you’ve learned how to use the present tense in Indonesian with specific modifiers. With practice, you'll be able to express yourself clearly and confidently in various situations. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep using these structures in your daily conversations!

Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Indonesian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Pronouns and Greetings


Basic Grammar


Daily Life


Sentence Structure


Indonesian Culture


Travel and Transportation


Verb Tenses


Shopping and Bargaining


Indonesian Arts


Modal Verbs


Colors and Shapes


Comparative and Superlative


Indonesian Traditions


Emergencies


Indirect and Direct Speech


Jobs and Professions


Indonesian Holidays

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Directions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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