Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Direct-Speech

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Indonesian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Indirect and Direct Speech → Direct Speech

Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the use of direct speech in Indonesian. Direct speech, or "kalimat langsung" in Indonesian, is an important aspect of the language as it allows us to convey the exact words spoken by someone. Understanding how to use direct speech correctly will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Indonesian. This lesson will focus specifically on direct speech in the past tense. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently construct sentences using direct speech in Indonesian.

Direct Speech in Indonesian

Direct speech refers to the exact words spoken by someone. In Indonesian, direct speech is indicated by using quotation marks ("") around the spoken words. The verb in the direct speech is always in the past tense. Let's look at some examples:

Example 1

Indonesian: "Aku sudah makan di restoran."

Pronunciation: "Ah-koo soo-dah mah-kahn dee reh-stoh-rahn."

English Translation: "I have eaten at the restaurant."

In this example, the speaker is directly quoting themselves, using the word "aku" (I) to indicate that they are the one speaking. The verb "makan" (eat) is in the past tense, "sudah" (have) is used to indicate completion, and "di" is the preposition indicating the location.

Example 2

Indonesian: "Dia bilang, 'Saya tidak bisa datang ke pesta malam ini.'"

Pronunciation: "Dee-ah bee-lahng, 'Sah-yah tee-dahk bee-sah dah-tahng keh peh-stah mah-lahm ee-nee.'"

English Translation: "He said, 'I cannot come to the party tonight.'"

In this example, the speaker is quoting someone else, using the word "dia" (he/she) to indicate the speaker. The verb "bilang" (said) is in the past tense, and the direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks.

Example 3

Indonesian: "Mereka bertanya, 'Kamu sudah membaca buku itu?'"

Pronunciation: "Meh-reh-kah ber-tahn-yah, 'Kah-moo soo-dah mem-bah-chah boo-koo ee-too?'"

English Translation: "They asked, 'Have you read that book?'"

In this example, the speaker is quoting a group of people, using the word "mereka" (they) to indicate the speaker. The verb "bertanya" (asked) is in the past tense, and the direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks.

Cultural Insights

In Indonesian culture, direct speech is commonly used in everyday conversations. Indonesians tend to be expressive and passionate in their speech, and using direct speech allows them to convey their emotions more effectively. It is also important to note that Indonesians often use honorifics when addressing someone, especially those who are older or in a higher position. For example, instead of saying "Kamu sudah makan?" (Have you eaten?), Indonesians may use "Anda sudah makan?" to show respect.

Furthermore, different regions in Indonesia may have variations in the usage or understanding of direct speech. For example, in Javanese culture, it is common to use indirect speech as a way of being polite and avoiding direct confrontation. This cultural variation adds richness and diversity to the Indonesian language.

Exercises

Now let's practice constructing sentences using direct speech in Indonesian. Translate the following sentences into Indonesian using the correct direct speech format:

1. She said, "I love Indonesian food."

2. They asked, "Have you ever been to Bali?"

3. He shouted, "I won the competition!"

4. I told her, "Don't forget to bring your umbrella."

5. We asked, "Where is the nearest hospital?"

Solutions

Here are the solutions to the exercises:

1. Indonesian: "Dia berkata, 'Aku suka makanan Indonesia.'"

  English Translation: She said, "I love Indonesian food."

2. Indonesian: "Mereka bertanya, 'Pernahkah kamu pergi ke Bali?'"

  English Translation: They asked, "Have you ever been to Bali?"

3. Indonesian: "Dia berteriak, 'Aku menang dalam kompetisi!'"

  English Translation: He shouted, "I won the competition!"

4. Indonesian: "Aku bilang padanya, 'Jangan lupa bawa payungmu.'"

  English Translation: I told her, "Don't forget to bring your umbrella."

5. Indonesian: "Kami bertanya, 'Di mana rumah sakit terdekat?'"

  English Translation: We asked, "Where is the nearest hospital?"

Conclusion

In this lesson, we have learned how to use direct speech in Indonesian. Direct speech allows us to convey the exact words spoken by someone, and it is indicated by using quotation marks and the past tense verb. We have also explored some cultural insights related to the use of direct speech in Indonesian conversations. By practicing the exercises and understanding the grammar rules, you will be well-equipped to use direct speech confidently in your Indonesian language journey.

Table of Contents - Indonesian Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

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Pronouns and Greetings

• Personal Pronouns
• Greetings and Introductions

  ---

Basic Grammar

• Word Order
• Indonesian Nouns
• Verbs in Indonesian

  ---

Daily Life

• Basic Phrases
• Numbers and Time
• Days, Months, and Seasons

  ---

Sentence Structure

• Adjectives and Adverbs
• Questions and Answers
• Negation and Affirmation

  ---

Indonesian Culture

• Indonesian Festivals
• Indonesian Food

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Transportation
• Directions

  ---

Verb Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense

  ---

Shopping and Bargaining

• Basic Shopping Phrases
• Bargaining Strategies

  ---

Indonesian Arts

• Indonesian Music
• Indonesian Dance

  ---

Modal Verbs

• Can and Must
• May and Should

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Colors and Shapes

• Colors
• Shapes

  ---

Comparative and Superlative

• Comparative
• Superlative

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Indonesian Traditions

• Indonesian Weddings
• Indonesian Batik

  ---

Emergencies

• Medical Emergencies
• Natural Disasters

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Indirect and Direct Speech

• Direct Speech
• Indirect Speech

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Jobs and Professions

• Job Titles
• Workplaces

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Indonesian Holidays

• Indonesian Independence Day
• Idul Fitri

Sources

• Indonesian Grammar → Indirect and Direct Speech → Direct Speech
• Indonesian language - Wikipedia

Other Lessons

• Pronouns
• Comparative
• Indefinite Articles in Indonesian
• Past Tense
• Indirect Speech
• Can and Must
• Past Participle in Indonesian
• Negation and Affirmation
• Definite Articles in Indonesian
• Future Tense

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