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|[[Language/Indonesian/Vocabulary/Shapes|◀️ Shapes — Previous Lesson]]
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{{Indonesian-Page-Top}}
{{Indonesian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]]  → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Comparative and Superlative → Comparative</div>
__TOC__
== Introduction ==
In this lesson, we will explore the topic of comparative in Indonesian grammar. Comparatives allow us to compare two or more things, describing their similarities and differences. Understanding how to form comparatives is essential for expressing preferences, making comparisons, and discussing different aspects of objects, people, or actions. In this lesson, we will learn how to use the words "lebih," "lebih dari," and "sama...dengan" to form comparatives in Indonesian.
== Formation of Comparative ==
To form comparatives in Indonesian, we use the word "lebih" which means "more" in English. We can combine "lebih" with adjectives or adverbs to indicate a higher degree or a comparison between two or more things.
Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Dia lebih tinggi. || Dee-ah leh-bih ting-gi || He/She is taller.
|-
| Nasi goreng lebih enak. || Nasi go-reng leh-bih e-nak || Fried rice is more delicious.
|-
| Saya lebih pintar. || Sa-ya leh-bih pin-tar || I am smarter.
|}
In the examples above, we use "lebih" before adjectives or adverbs to compare two things. It indicates that the subject possesses a higher degree of the quality described by the adjective or adverb.


<div class="pg_page_title">Indonesian Grammar → Comparative and Superlative → Comparative</div>
== Comparative with "Lebih Dari" ==


__TOC__
Another way to express comparatives in Indonesian is by using the phrase "lebih dari," which translates to "more than" in English. It is used to compare two things and indicate that one thing has a higher degree or quantity than the other.


<h1>Comparatives in Indonesian</h1>
Here are some examples:


<p>As a beginner learning Indonesian, you'll quickly encounter terms that indicate relative value, such as more, less, and the adjective construction of comparative and superlative degrees. This lesson will cover the comparative degree, and how to express that one object or person is greater or less than another object or person in Indonesian. </p>
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Dia lebih tinggi dari saya. || Dee-ah leh-bih ting-gi da-ri sa-ya || He/She is taller than me.
|-
| Harganya lebih mahal dari yang lain. || Har-ga-nya leh-bih ma-hal da-ri yang la-in || The price is more expensive than the others.
|-
| Dia bekerja lebih keras dari sebelumnya. || Dee-ah ber-ke-ja leh-bih ker-as da-ri se-be-lum-nya || He/She works harder than before.
|}


<h2>Making Comparisons with "Lebih" and "Kurang"</h2>
In these examples, we use "lebih dari" to compare two things and emphasize the difference in degree or quantity between them.


<p>Indonesian language uses "lebih" and "kurang" to make comparisons of relative values. "Lebih" means "more," while "kurang" means "less." For example:</p>
== Comparative with "Sama...Dengan" ==


<table class="wikitable">
The phrase "sama...dengan" is used to express equality or similarity in comparatives. It translates to "the same as" or "as...as" in English. It is commonly used to compare two or more things that share the same quality or characteristic.
    <tr>
        <th>Indonesian</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English Translation</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Ini lebih besar dari itu.</td>
        <td>Inee luh-eih bah-sar dah-ree e-toe.</td>
        <td>This is bigger than that.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Andi kurang pintar dari Beni.</td>
        <td>Ahn-dee koor-ahng pin-tar dah-ree beh-nee.</td>
        <td>Andi is less smart than Beni.</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<p>Notice that "dari" translates to 'than' in these sentences.</p>
Here are some examples:


<h2>The Comparative "Dari"</h2>
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Dia sama tingginya dengan saya. || Dee-ah sa-ma ting-gi-nya den-gan sa-ya || He/She is as tall as me.
|-
| Harganya sama dengan yang lain. || Har-ga-nya sa-ma den-gan yang la-in || The price is the same as the others.
|-
| Kucing saya sama manisnya dengan kucingnya. || Ku-cing sa-ya sa-ma ma-nis-nya den-gan ku-cing-nya || My cat is as sweet as his/her cat.
|}


<p>So far, we've looked at "lebih" and "kurang" as ways to make comparisons by saying one thing is 'more' or 'less' than another. However, one of the common ways to make comparisons between two items in Indonesian is to use "dari."</p>
In these examples, we use "sama...dengan" to compare two or more things and highlight their equality or similarity in terms of a specific quality or characteristic.


<p>The word "dari" means "from" or "than". When used as "than," "dari" must be placed after the objects being compared. Sometimes, "dari" is omitted entirely, which is more common when comparing adjectives. As a rule, always use "dari" to make greater-than and less-than comparisons:</p>
== Cultural Insight: Indonesian Concept of Harmony ==


<table class="wikitable">
In Indonesian culture, the concept of harmony plays a significant role in everyday life, including language usage. Indonesians often avoid direct comparisons that may create a sense of competition or conflict. Instead, they tend to use more subtle ways to express similarities and differences.
    <tr>
        <th>Indonesian</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English Translation</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Mobilku lebih cepat dari mobilnya.</td>
        <td>Moe-beel-koo luh-eih cheh-paht dah-ree moe-beel-nya.</td>
        <td>My car is faster than his/her car.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Adikku lebih pendek dari kakaknya.</td>
        <td>Ah-dik-koo luh-eih pen-dehk dah-ree kah-kahk-nya.</td>
        <td>My younger sibling is shorter than my older sibling.</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<h2>Equality with "Sama" and "Sama Seperti"</h2>
For example, when comparing two people's height, Indonesians may use phrases like "Dia lebih tinggi sedikit daripada saya" (He/She is slightly taller than me) instead of directly saying "Dia lebih tinggi dari saya" (He/She is taller than me). This cultural practice reflects Indonesians' preference for maintaining harmony and avoiding unnecessary conflicts or competitions.


<p>The word "sama" means "same," while "sama dengan" or "sama seperti" mean "the same as." These terms are used to indicate an equivalence of value and both constructions appear to be interchangeable:</p>
== Practice Exercises ==


<table class="wikitable">
Now, let's practice what we have learned. Translate the following sentences into Indonesian, using the comparative forms we have discussed:
    <tr>
        <th>Indonesian</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English Translation</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Myrna sama cantik dengan Elsa.</td>
        <td>Meer-nah sah-mah chan-teek den-gan El-sa.</td>
        <td>Myrna is as pretty as Elsa.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Ini sama hebat seperti itu.</td>
        <td>Inee sah-mah heh-bat se-purr-tee e-toe.</td>
        <td>This is as great as that (thing).</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<h2>Comparative Practice</h2>
1. My house is bigger than yours.
2. The movie is more interesting than the book.
3. She is as beautiful as her sister.
4. The red shirt is more expensive than the blue shirt.
5. This restaurant is better than the previous one.


<p>Ready for some practice? Try creating some of your own comparative sentences. Here are some example prompts to get you going:</p>
== Solutions ==


<ul>
Here are the solutions to the practice exercises:
    <li>Who is taller, your grandparents or your parents?</li>
    <li>Which country is bigger, Indonesia or Thailand?</li>
    <li>What is more delicious, chicken or beef?</li>
</ul>


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
1. Rumah saya lebih besar daripada milikmu.
2. Filmnya lebih menarik daripada bukunya.
3. Dia sama cantiknya dengan kakaknya.
4. Kaos merah lebih mahal daripada kaos biru.
5. Restoran ini lebih baik daripada yang sebelumnya.


<p>Congratulations! You've learned about comparative construction in Indonesian. You now know how to compare two things based on their value, size or other qualities using "lebih," "kurang," "dari," "sama dengan," "sama seperti" and "sama." Keep practicing your Indonesian, and try to use these constructions every day to internalize their usage.</p>
In these sentences, we use the comparative forms we have learned to compare different aspects and qualities.


<h2>Sources</h2>
== Conclusion ==
<ul>
    <li><a href="https://www.seasite.niu.edu/Indonesian/perbandingan__lebih_dari.htm">Perbandingan</a></li>
    <li><a href="https://studybahasa.com/grammar/relative-comparison-in-indonesian-with-lebih-kurang-dari-sama-dengan/">Relative Comparison in Indonesian with Lebih, Kurang, Dari, Sama Dengan</a></li>
</ul>


{{#seo:
In this lesson, we have explored the topic of comparatives in Indonesian grammar. We have learned how to form comparatives using "lebih," "lebih dari," and "sama...dengan." Comparatives allow us to express preferences, make comparisons, and discuss different aspects of objects, people, or actions. By understanding comparatives, you will be able to describe similarities and differences in Indonesian. Keep practicing and applying what you have learned to enhance your language skills.
|title=Indonesian Grammar - Comparative and Superlative - Comparative
|keywords=Indonesian Grammar, Comparative, Superlative, lebih, kurang, dari, sama, yang lebih, yang kurang, pendek, panjang, tinggi, rendah
|description=In this Indonesian grammar lesson, you’ll learn about the comparative degree and how to express that one object or person is greater or less than another object or person in Indonesian.
}}


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{{Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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[[Category:Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Indonesian-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay - Wikipedia]
* [https://ielanguages.com/indonesian-comparative.html Indonesian Comparative and Superlative - ielanguages.com]
* [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-comparative-study-between-Indonesian-and-blend-Rahmannia-Widodo/8fc1364f43d9ff806b584a82daae57300072e351 The comparative study between Indonesian and English blend ...]
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Superlative|Superlative]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Indonesian|Definite Articles in Indonesian]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Indirect-Speech|Indirect Speech]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Negation-and-Affirmation|Negation and Affirmation]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]


{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Indonesian/Vocabulary/Shapes|◀️ Shapes — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Superlative|Next Lesson — Superlative ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 13:29, 17 June 2023

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Indonesian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Comparative and Superlative → Comparative

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the topic of comparative in Indonesian grammar. Comparatives allow us to compare two or more things, describing their similarities and differences. Understanding how to form comparatives is essential for expressing preferences, making comparisons, and discussing different aspects of objects, people, or actions. In this lesson, we will learn how to use the words "lebih," "lebih dari," and "sama...dengan" to form comparatives in Indonesian.

Formation of Comparative[edit | edit source]

To form comparatives in Indonesian, we use the word "lebih" which means "more" in English. We can combine "lebih" with adjectives or adverbs to indicate a higher degree or a comparison between two or more things.

Here are some examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Dia lebih tinggi. Dee-ah leh-bih ting-gi He/She is taller.
Nasi goreng lebih enak. Nasi go-reng leh-bih e-nak Fried rice is more delicious.
Saya lebih pintar. Sa-ya leh-bih pin-tar I am smarter.

In the examples above, we use "lebih" before adjectives or adverbs to compare two things. It indicates that the subject possesses a higher degree of the quality described by the adjective or adverb.

Comparative with "Lebih Dari"[edit | edit source]

Another way to express comparatives in Indonesian is by using the phrase "lebih dari," which translates to "more than" in English. It is used to compare two things and indicate that one thing has a higher degree or quantity than the other.

Here are some examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Dia lebih tinggi dari saya. Dee-ah leh-bih ting-gi da-ri sa-ya He/She is taller than me.
Harganya lebih mahal dari yang lain. Har-ga-nya leh-bih ma-hal da-ri yang la-in The price is more expensive than the others.
Dia bekerja lebih keras dari sebelumnya. Dee-ah ber-ke-ja leh-bih ker-as da-ri se-be-lum-nya He/She works harder than before.

In these examples, we use "lebih dari" to compare two things and emphasize the difference in degree or quantity between them.

Comparative with "Sama...Dengan"[edit | edit source]

The phrase "sama...dengan" is used to express equality or similarity in comparatives. It translates to "the same as" or "as...as" in English. It is commonly used to compare two or more things that share the same quality or characteristic.

Here are some examples:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Dia sama tingginya dengan saya. Dee-ah sa-ma ting-gi-nya den-gan sa-ya He/She is as tall as me.
Harganya sama dengan yang lain. Har-ga-nya sa-ma den-gan yang la-in The price is the same as the others.
Kucing saya sama manisnya dengan kucingnya. Ku-cing sa-ya sa-ma ma-nis-nya den-gan ku-cing-nya My cat is as sweet as his/her cat.

In these examples, we use "sama...dengan" to compare two or more things and highlight their equality or similarity in terms of a specific quality or characteristic.

Cultural Insight: Indonesian Concept of Harmony[edit | edit source]

In Indonesian culture, the concept of harmony plays a significant role in everyday life, including language usage. Indonesians often avoid direct comparisons that may create a sense of competition or conflict. Instead, they tend to use more subtle ways to express similarities and differences.

For example, when comparing two people's height, Indonesians may use phrases like "Dia lebih tinggi sedikit daripada saya" (He/She is slightly taller than me) instead of directly saying "Dia lebih tinggi dari saya" (He/She is taller than me). This cultural practice reflects Indonesians' preference for maintaining harmony and avoiding unnecessary conflicts or competitions.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let's practice what we have learned. Translate the following sentences into Indonesian, using the comparative forms we have discussed:

1. My house is bigger than yours. 2. The movie is more interesting than the book. 3. She is as beautiful as her sister. 4. The red shirt is more expensive than the blue shirt. 5. This restaurant is better than the previous one.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Here are the solutions to the practice exercises:

1. Rumah saya lebih besar daripada milikmu. 2. Filmnya lebih menarik daripada bukunya. 3. Dia sama cantiknya dengan kakaknya. 4. Kaos merah lebih mahal daripada kaos biru. 5. Restoran ini lebih baik daripada yang sebelumnya.

In these sentences, we use the comparative forms we have learned to compare different aspects and qualities.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have explored the topic of comparatives in Indonesian grammar. We have learned how to form comparatives using "lebih," "lebih dari," and "sama...dengan." Comparatives allow us to express preferences, make comparisons, and discuss different aspects of objects, people, or actions. By understanding comparatives, you will be able to describe similarities and differences in Indonesian. Keep practicing and applying what you have learned to enhance your language skills.

Table of Contents - Indonesian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Pronouns and Greetings


Basic Grammar


Daily Life


Sentence Structure


Indonesian Culture


Travel and Transportation


Verb Tenses


Shopping and Bargaining


Indonesian Arts


Modal Verbs


Colors and Shapes


Comparative and Superlative


Indonesian Traditions


Emergencies


Indirect and Direct Speech


Jobs and Professions


Indonesian Holidays


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Shapes — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Superlative ▶️

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