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Revision as of 17:30, 29 March 2023
| ◀️ Lesson 23: Persian civilization and ancient history — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Lesson 25: Sports and active recreation ▶️ |
I am excited to teach you about Iranian history and contemporary issues in this lesson. As an Iranian Persian language teacher with 20 years of experience, I believe that understanding a country's history is crucial to understanding its present.
Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: Lesson 16: Persian poetry and classical literature & Sizdahbedar.
Iranian History Since the 19th Century
Iran has a rich history that goes back thousands of years. However, in this lesson, we will primarily focus on the country's history since the 19th century.
Qajar Dynasty (1794-1925)
In 1794, a new dynasty called the Qajar dynasty began ruling Iran. The Qajars were of Turkic origin and ruled Iran for over 130 years. The Qajar period saw significant changes in Iran, including the introduction of new technologies, such as the telegraph and railways, and the establishment of modern schools and universities.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Iran faced significant external pressures from Russia and Great Britain, which used Iran as a battleground for their proxy wars. In 1908, Russian and British forces took control of Iranian revenue and established a council to oversee Iran's finances. This led to widespread public demonstrations, and in 1909, the Qajar king was forced to give up his throne.
Pahlavi Dynasty (1925-1979)
In 1925, Reza Shah Pahlavi came to power after a military coup and established the Pahlavi dynasty. Reza Shah Pahlavi aimed to modernize Iran and adopt Western-style reforms. He abolished the Islamic veil and introduced mandatory education for girls.
In the 1950s, Mohammad Mossadegh was elected as the Prime Minister of Iran. Mossadegh nationalized Iran's oil industry, which had been controlled by the British-owned Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. This led to a severe economic crisis, and in 1953, the American and British intelligence agencies organized a coup to overthrow Mossadegh and re-install Reza Shah Pahlavi on the throne.
The Pahlavi dynasty faced widespread opposition in the 1960s and 1970s. Dissatisfaction with the authoritarian regime, corruption, and a widening gap between the rich and poor, led to mass protests and strikes. In 1979, an Islamic Revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty.
Islamic Republic of Iran (1979-Present)
The Islamic Republic of Iran was established in 1979 following the Ayatollah Khomeini's revolution. The Islamic Republic's constitution combined Islamic principles and republicanism in a unique system that has been both praised and criticized.
Since then, Iran has faced significant challenges, including the Iran-Iraq War, economic sanctions, and political isolation. The country has also experienced seismic shifts in its society, such as the rise of women's rights, technological advancements, and a new generation of youth pushing for change within the political system.
Contemporary Issues
Iran faces several contemporary issues, including political, social, and economic challenges.
Political Challenges
Iran has a unique political system that combines Islamic theocracy with democratic principles. However, the system has been criticized for its lack of transparency and corruption. Iran also has strained relationships with the United States and other Western countries.
Social Challenges
Iranian society has undergone significant changes in the past decades. Women's rights are a growing issue, with many pushing for equal rights in education and the workplace. There are also challenges regarding the rights of ethnic and religious minorities in Iran.
Economic Challenges
Iran's economy has faced significant challenges, including high inflation rates, unemployment, and economic sanctions. The majority of the population is struggling to make ends meet, which has led to widespread protests and social unrest.
Understanding the past and present of Iran is essential for anyone trying to understand modern-day Iran. By learning about Iranian history, students can gain a more nuanced understanding of the country's place in the global community and the challenges it faces.
Vocabulary
Here are a few words and phrases from the lesson to help expand your Persian vocabulary:
| Iranian Persian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| تجدید و تجدد | Tajdid va Tajdid | Renewal and Renaissance |
| نظام جمهوری اسلامی | Nezam-e jomhuri-e eslami | Islamic Republic System |
| سطح فقر | Sath-e faqir | Poverty Line |
| قانون اساسی | Qanun-e asasi | Constitution |
Conclusion
I hope that this lesson has given you a basic understanding of Iranian history and contemporary issues in the country. Please remember that Iran is a complex society with a rich history, and many dynamics that are not covered in this lesson. However, the knowledge gained in this lesson should be valuable in furthering your understanding of the country and its people.
Sources
Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: Lesson 23: Persian civilization and ancient history & Lesson 11: Persian holidays and celebrations.
Other Lessons
- Lesson 16: Persian poetry and classical literature
- Lesson 10: Persian etiquette and hospitality
- Lesson 17: Persian cinema and music
- Public holidays in Iran
- New year
- Haft sin
- Lesson 11: Persian holidays and celebrations
- The Practice of Taarof in Iran
- Castles
| ◀️ Lesson 23: Persian civilization and ancient history — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Lesson 25: Sports and active recreation ▶️ |