Difference between revisions of "Language/French/Grammar/Agreement-of-the-past-participle-having-the-auxiliary-"être"-in-compound-tenses"
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<div style="font-size:200%"> Agreement of the past participle with the subject of intransitive verbs having | <div style="font-size:200%"> Agreement of the past participle with the subject of intransitive verbs having [[Language/French/Grammar/Auxilaries|auxilary]] “être” in [[Language/French/Grammar/Compound-Tenses|compound tenses]]</div> | ||
[modified] | [modified] | ||
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==Definitions== | |||
=== Subject-verb agreement === | |||
The agreement in French (the agreement) is the way to choose the correct ending for verbs in terms of grammatical persons, gender and number, depending on their subject. | |||
=== Past participle=== | |||
The past participle is a verb form with several roles. It’s essential in the creation of compound verb tenses/moods and the passive voice, and it can also be used as an adjective. The French past participle usually ends -é, -i, or -u, and is equivalent to -ed or -en in English. | |||
=== French Auxilaries === | |||
There are only 2 auxiliaries in French: "avoir" or "être". As "avoir", "être" is used to form compound tenses for some verbs. | |||
===Compound Tenses=== | |||
Conjugations for the different French verb tenses and moods can be divided into 2 categories: | |||
*'''simple''' and '''compound'''. | |||
Simple tenses and moods have only 1 part (e.g., "je mange") whereas compound tenses and moods have 2 (e.g., "j'ai mangé"). | |||
==Agreement with the subject== | |||
In the case of the following verbs: | In the case of the following verbs: | ||
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The past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number at compound tenses: | The [[Language/French/Grammar/Past-Participle|past participle]] agrees with the subject in gender and number at [[Language/French/Grammar/Compound-Tenses|compound tenses]]: | ||
*'''Les Dupont''' étaient all'''és''' à Angers. | *'''Les Dupont''' étaient all'''és''' à Angers. | ||
<blockquote>The Duponts had gone to Angers.</blockquote> | <blockquote>The Duponts had gone to Angers.</blockquote> | ||
*'''Marie''' est sorti'''e'''. | *'''Marie''' est sorti'''e'''. | ||
<blockquote>Marie went out.</blockquote> | <blockquote>Marie went out.</blockquote> | ||
*'''Ils''' sont tombé'''s'''. | *'''Ils''' sont tombé'''s'''. | ||
<blockquote>They fell over.</blockquote> | <blockquote>They fell over.</blockquote> | ||
*'''Jean et Pauline''' sont monté'''s''' au 5ème étage. | *'''Jean et Pauline''' sont monté'''s''' au 5ème étage. | ||
<blockquote>Jean and Pauline went up to the 5th floor.</blockquote> | <blockquote>Jean and Pauline went up to the 5th floor.</blockquote> | ||
==No agreement with the subject== | |||
Note: Certain [[Language/French/Grammar/Transitive-and-Intransitive-Verbs|intransitive verbs]] which have the [[Language/French/Grammar/Auxilaries|auxilary]] "être" in [[Language/French/Grammar/Compound-Tenses|compound tenses]] can also be used in a transitive manner. They then have the auxiliary "avoir" at compound tenses and there is no agreement between the subject and the [[Language/French/Grammar/Past-Participle|past participle]]: | |||
Note: Certain intransitive verbs which have the | |||
*'''Jean et Pauline''' ont mont'''é''' les valises au 5ème étage. | *'''Jean et Pauline''' ont mont'''é''' les valises au 5ème étage. | ||
<blockquote>Jean-Paul and Janine took the cases up to the 5th floor.</blockquote> | <blockquote>Jean-Paul and Janine took the cases up to the 5th floor.</blockquote> | ||
==Other Chapters== | ==Other Chapters== | ||
{{French-Grammar-Course-Menu}} | {{French-Grammar-Course-Menu}} |
Latest revision as of 18:27, 26 November 2021
[modified]
Definitions[edit | edit source]
Subject-verb agreement[edit | edit source]
The agreement in French (the agreement) is the way to choose the correct ending for verbs in terms of grammatical persons, gender and number, depending on their subject.
Past participle[edit | edit source]
The past participle is a verb form with several roles. It’s essential in the creation of compound verb tenses/moods and the passive voice, and it can also be used as an adjective. The French past participle usually ends -é, -i, or -u, and is equivalent to -ed or -en in English.
French Auxilaries[edit | edit source]
There are only 2 auxiliaries in French: "avoir" or "être". As "avoir", "être" is used to form compound tenses for some verbs.
Compound Tenses[edit | edit source]
Conjugations for the different French verb tenses and moods can be divided into 2 categories:
- simple and compound.
Simple tenses and moods have only 1 part (e.g., "je mange") whereas compound tenses and moods have 2 (e.g., "j'ai mangé").
Agreement with the subject[edit | edit source]
In the case of the following verbs:
- aller (to go),
- mourir (to die),
- monter (to go up),
- sortir (to go out),
- naître (to be born),
- tomber (to fall), etc.
The past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number at compound tenses:
- Les Dupont étaient allés à Angers.
The Duponts had gone to Angers.
- Marie est sortie.
Marie went out.
- Ils sont tombés.
They fell over.
- Jean et Pauline sont montés au 5ème étage.
Jean and Pauline went up to the 5th floor.
No agreement with the subject[edit | edit source]
Note: Certain intransitive verbs which have the auxilary "être" in compound tenses can also be used in a transitive manner. They then have the auxiliary "avoir" at compound tenses and there is no agreement between the subject and the past participle:
- Jean et Pauline ont monté les valises au 5ème étage.
Jean-Paul and Janine took the cases up to the 5th floor.