Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Instrumental-Case
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The Kazakh instrumental case is used to indicate the means, tools, or instruments used to perform an action. It is also used to describe the method of an action or to specify a circumstance under which the action occurs. In this lesson, we will learn how to form and use the Kazakh instrumental case.
Forming the Instrumental Case
The instrumental case suffix is "-мен/-менің" for the singular and "-бен/-бенің" for the plural. To form the instrumental case, simply add the appropriate suffix to the end of the noun. For example:
- жазба (book) → жазбамен (with a book)
- ой (moon) → ойбенің (with the moon)
Note that there are some irregularities in the formation of the instrumental case, especially for nouns that end in vowels. Please refer to a comprehensive Kazakh grammar book for more details.
Using the Instrumental Case
The instrumental case is used to denote means, methods, and tools, as well as to describe circumstances and conditions. Here are some examples:
Means/Tools
- Сіз гашықтық пікірлеріңізді моқ емес, жоқшылдық пікірлерімен айтуыңыз керек. (You need to express yourself not with abstract ideas, but with critical opinions.)
- Ол масаған төсектермен толтырылған. (The table was filled with dishes.)
- Мен білімімді компьютерді қолдана отырып арттырғанмын. (I have expanded my knowledge by using a computer.)
Methods/Circumstances
- Оның шынымен айтқанда, маған қарсы тапсырмалары болып табылады. (When she speaks the truth, she gets assignments against me.)
- Бүгін мектепке басқарушымен өтіп, оқушыларға тәрбиелеу жоспарын талқылады. (Today, he met with the school director and discussed the plan for educating students.)
- Машина шәкірттер топтасында өткенде, артқа көрінбеген жүрмеіміз қалды. (When the car passed the protesters, we were left behind.)
Exceptions and Special Cases
There are a few exceptional uses of the instrumental case worth noting:
Adverbial Function
Sometimes, the instrumental case can be used in an adverbial function when it modifies a verb. For example:
- Осылайша парақшаларды оқиға туралы білімді бөлісуде пайдаланамыз. (We use newspapers like this to share knowledge about events.)
- Оған нақты санақ мәзірін пайдаланады. (He uses an exact date for his argument.)
With Postpositions
The instrumental case is also used with some postpositions, which are similar to prepositions in English. The most common postpositions used with the instrumental case are:
- менен (with)
- бірге (together with)
- ғана/қана (only with)
Here are some example sentences:
- Студенттер менен дискуссиялар дайындап келу керек. (Students need to be prepared to discuss things with.)
- Сізге бірге келеміз келетін болғандарды таңдаңыз. (Choose the ones you want to come with you.)
- Қанша танылған жарамсыз жұртқа….ол жеке материалдармен ұсынылады. (How much do you know about the unreliable person...he only provides private material.)
Conclusion
In conclusion, the instrumental case is a crucial part of Kazakh language and is frequently used in daily conversation. By learning the instrumental case, you will be able to communicate more effectively and express yourself in a more precise and nuanced way.
Sources