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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Iranian-persian|Iranian Persian]]  → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Iranian-persian|Iranian Persian]]  → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions</div>
In the realm of language learning, understanding how to form complex sentences is akin to unlocking a treasure chest filled with expressive gems. Complex sentences allow us to convey more nuanced thoughts, connect ideas, and articulate relationships between different parts of our speech. In this lesson, we will dive into the fascinating world of complex sentences in Iranian Persian, focusing on subordinating conjunctions and punctuation. By the end of our journey, you'll be able to craft sentences that not only communicate facts but also express your thoughts and feelings more richly.
In this lesson, we’ll cover:
* What are complex sentences?
* The role of subordinating conjunctions
* How to punctuate complex sentences in Persian
* Examples to illustrate the concepts
* Exercises to practice your new skills


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== What are Complex Sentences? ===


In this lesson, we will learn how to form complex sentences in Iranian Persian. Complex sentences are sentences that contain one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are dependent on the main clause and cannot stand alone as complete sentences. We will also learn about subordinating conjunctions, which are words that connect the main clause to the subordinate clause. Additionally, we will discuss the correct use of punctuation in complex sentences to ensure clarity and proper sentence structure.
Complex sentences are sentences that contain one independent clause and at least one dependent (or subordinate) clause. An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence, while a dependent clause cannot. This structure allows for more elaborate expressions in our speech and writing.


== Subordinating Conjunctions ==
For example:


Subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce subordinate clauses in complex sentences. They connect the subordinate clause to the main clause and indicate the relationship between the two clauses. Some common subordinating conjunctions in Iranian Persian include:
* '''Independent Clause''': I love reading.


* "که" (ke) - that
* '''Dependent Clause''': because it opens up new worlds.
* "که" (ke) - who, whom, which
* "از آنجا که" (az anjā ke) - because, since
* "قبل از آنکه" (ghabl az anke) - before
* "بعد از آنکه" (ba'd az anke) - after
* "هنگامی که" (hangāmi ke) - when
* "مگر اینکه" (magar inke) - unless
* "تا آنجا که" (tā anjā ke) - until
* "چون" (chon) - when, as
* "اگرچه" (agar-che) - although, even though


Let's look at some examples to understand how these subordinating conjunctions are used:
When combined, they form a complex sentence:
 
* '''Complex Sentence''': I love reading because it opens up new worlds.
 
In Persian, complex sentences function similarly, adding depth to our communication. Let's look at how we can construct them using subordinating conjunctions.
 
=== Subordinating Conjunctions ===
 
Subordinating conjunctions are words that connect dependent clauses to independent clauses. They indicate the relationship between the two clauses, such as cause, time, condition, and contrast. In Persian, common subordinating conjunctions include:
 
* '''زیرا''' (zira) - because
 
* '''اگر''' (agar) - if
 
* '''وقتی که''' (vaqti ke) - when
 
* '''هرچند''' (har chand) - although
 
* '''به شرطی که''' (be sharti ke) - provided that
 
Let’s break down some examples of complex sentences using these conjunctions.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| من می‌دانم که او خسته است. || Man midānam ke u khaste ast. || I know that he is tired.
 
| من کتاب می‌خوانم زیرا دوست دارم. || man ketâb mikhanam zira doost dâram. || I read books because I love them.
 
|-
|-
| دختری را دیدم که کتاب می‌خواند. || Dokhtari rā didam ke ketāb mikhanad. || I saw a girl who was reading a book.
 
| اگر باران بیافتد، نمی‌رویم. || agar bârân biyaftad, nemiravim. || If it rains, we won’t go.
 
|-
|-
| از آنجا که خوشحالم، می‌خواهم برقرار بمانم. || Az anjā ke khoshhālam, mikhwāham barqarār bemanam. || Because I am happy, I want to stay.
 
| وقتی که به خانه می‌رسم، غذا می‌خورم. || vaqti ke be khâne miresam, ghazâ mikhoram. || When I reach home, I eat food.
 
|-
|-
| قبل از آنکه برود، باید کار خود را تمام کند. || Ghabl az anke beravad, bāyad kār-e khod rā tamām konad. || Before he leaves, he must finish his work.
 
| هرچند خسته‌ام، اما باید کار کنم. || har chand khaste-am, ammâ bâyad kâr konam. || Although I am tired, I must work.
 
|-
|-
| بعد از آنکه باران شروع شد، ما در خانه ماندیم. || Ba'd az anke bārān shoroo shod, mā dar khāne māndim. || After the rain started, we stayed at home.
 
| به شرطی که بخوانی، می‌توانی امتحان بدهی. || be sharti ke bekhâni, mitavâni emtihân bedehi. || Provided that you study, you can take the exam.
 
|}
 
As you can see, these conjunctions serve as bridges between ideas, allowing you to express more complex thoughts.
 
=== Punctuation in Complex Sentences ===
 
Punctuation plays a crucial role in clarifying the meaning of complex sentences. In Persian, we typically use a comma to separate the independent clause from the dependent clause when the dependent clause comes first. However, if the independent clause precedes the dependent clause, the comma is often omitted.
 
For example:
 
* '''With a comma''': زیرا باران می‌بارد، ما در خانه می‌مانیم. (Because it’s raining, we stay at home.)
 
* '''Without a comma''': ما در خانه می‌مانیم زیرا باران می‌بارد. (We stay at home because it’s raining.)
 
This distinction helps readers understand the flow of the sentence and its intended meaning.
 
=== More Examples of Complex Sentences ===
 
Let's explore a variety of complex sentences to solidify your understanding.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| هنگامی که من خوابیده بودم، تلفن زنگ زد. || Hangāmi ke man khābidé budam, telefon zang zad. || When I was asleep, the phone rang.
 
| چون او دیر آمد، ما شروع نکردیم. || chun u dir âmâd, mā shoru' nakardim. || Because he arrived late, we didn’t start.
 
|-
|-
| مگر اینکه تمرین کنید، بهتر نخواهید شد. || Magar inke tamrin konid, behtar nakhwāhid shod. || Unless you practice, you will not improve.
 
| اگر تو بخواهی، می‌توانیم برویم. || agar to bekhâhi, mitavânim beravim. || If you want, we can go.
 
|-
|-
| تا آنجا که من می‌دانم، او هنوز در خانه است. || Tā anjā ke man midānam, u hanuz dar khāne ast. || As far as I know, he is still at home.
 
| وقتی که خورشید غروب می‌کند، آسمان رنگین می‌شود. || vaqti ke khorshid ghorub mikonad, âsmân rangin mishavad. || When the sun sets, the sky becomes colorful.
 
|-
|-
| چون فرصت داریم، به سینما می‌رویم. || Chon farsad dārim, be sinemā miravim. || Since we have time, we are going to the cinema.
 
| هرچند او مبتلاست، اما کارش را ادامه می‌دهد. || har chand u mobtalâst, ammâ kârash râ edâme midahad. || Although he is sick, he continues his work.
 
|-
|-
| اگرچه آب‌وهوا بارانی است، ما می‌رویم. || Agar-che āb-o-havā bārāni ast, mā miravim. || Although the weather is rainy, we are going.
|}


== Punctuation in Complex Sentences ==
| به شرطی که تمرین کنی، پیشرفت خواهی کرد. || be sharti ke tamrin koni, pishraft khâhi kard. || Provided that you practice, you will improve.


When forming complex sentences, it is important to use the correct punctuation to ensure clarity and proper sentence structure. Here are some guidelines for using punctuation in Iranian Persian complex sentences:
|-


1. Use a comma before the subordinating conjunction when the subordinate clause comes before the main clause:
| چون باران بارید، زمین خیس شد. || chun bârân bârid, zamin khis shod. || Because it rained, the ground got wet.
  - "زمانی که می‌خوابیدم، تلفن زنگ زد." (Zamāni ke mikhwābidam, telefon zang zad.) - When I was sleeping, the phone rang.


2. Do not use a comma when the main clause comes before the subordinate clause:
|-
  - "من می‌دانم که او خسته است." (Man midānam ke u khaste ast.) - I know that he is tired.
 
| اگر او بیاید، خوشحال می‌شوم. || agar u biyâd, khoshhâl mishavam. || If he comes, I will be happy.


3. Use a comma to separate items in a list within the subordinate clause:
|-
  - "من یک ماشین قدیمی دارم که سیاه، کثیف، و کوچک است." (Man yek māshin-e qadimi dāram ke siyāh, khasif, va kuchak ast.) - I have an old car that is black, dirty, and small.


4. Use a comma to separate two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction:
| وقتی که تو بازی می‌کنی، من تماشا می‌کنم. || vaqti ke to bâzi mikoni, man tamâsha mikonam. || When you play, I watch.
  - "من دوست دارم برای تعطیلات به کوهستان بروم، اما نمی‌توانم زمان بگیرم." (Man dust dāram barāye ta'tilāt be kuhestān beravam, ammā nemitavānam zamān begiram.) - I would like to go to the mountains for vacation, but I can't take time off.


5. Use a period (full stop) to separate two independent clauses that are not closely related:
|-
  - "من به دانشگاه می‌روم. او به خانه می‌ماند." (Man be dāneshgāh miravam. U be khāne mānd.) - I am going to the university. He is staying at home.


Let's look at some more examples to understand the correct use of punctuation in complex sentences:
| هرچند او سردش است، اما بیرون می‌رود. || har chand u sardash ast, ammâ birun miravad. || Although he is cold, he goes outside.


{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| زمانی که من خوابیده بودم، تلفن زنگ زد. من بیدار شدم و به تلفن پاسخ دادم. || Zamāni ke man khābidé budam, telefon zang zad. Man bidār shodam va be telefon pāsox dādam. || When I was asleep, the phone rang. I woke up and answered the phone.
 
|-
| به شرطی که کارهایت را انجام دهی، می‌توانی استراحت کنی. || be sharti ke kâr-hâyat râ anjâm dehi, mitavâni esteraahat koni. || Provided that you complete your tasks, you can rest.
| من دوست دارم برای تعطیلات به کوهستان بروم، اما نمی‌توانم زمان بگیرم. || Man dust dāram barāye ta'tilāt be kuhestān beravam, ammā nemitavānam zamān begiram. || I would like to go to the mountains for vacation, but I can't take time off.
 
|-
| ما به خانه رفتیم و شام خوردیم. سپس تلویزیون دیدیم. || Mā be khāne raftim va shām khoridim. Sepas televizion didim. || We went home and had dinner. Then we watched TV.
|}
|}


== Summary ==
These examples illustrate how subordinating conjunctions can enhance your sentences, making them more expressive and informative.
 
=== Exercises for Practice ===
 
Now that you’ve learned about complex sentences and subordinating conjunctions, let's put your knowledge to the test with some exercises.
 
==== Exercise 1: Identify the Conjunction ====
 
Read the following sentences and identify the subordinating conjunction used.
 
1. من می‌روم زیرا باران می‌بارد.
 
2. اگر تو بیایی، ما جشن می‌گیریم.
 
3. وقتی که تو سفر می‌کنی، من به تو فکر می‌کنم.
 
4. هرچند او خسته‌است، اما کارش را تمام می‌کند.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. زیرا
 
2. اگر
 
3. وقتی که
 
4. هرچند
 
==== Exercise 2: Form Complex Sentences ====
 
Use the given independent clauses to create complex sentences with the subordinating conjunction provided.
 
1. (من می‌خوابم) + زیرا
 
2. (او دیر می‌آید) + اگر
 
3. (ما در پارک هستیم) + وقتی که
 
4. (او خوشحال است) + هرچند
 
''Sample Answers:''
 
1. من می‌خوابم زیرا خسته هستم.
 
2. اگر او دیر بیاید، ما صبر می‌کنیم.
 
3. وقتی که ما در پارک هستیم، بچه‌ها بازی می‌کنند.
 
4. هرچند او خوشحال است، اما هنوز نگران است.
 
==== Exercise 3: Punctuation Practice ====
 
Add punctuation to the following sentences where necessary.
 
1. زیرا او خسته است ما به خانه می‌رویم.
 
2. ما به سینما می‌رویم اگر بلیت داشته باشیم.
 
3. وقتی که باران می‌بارد ما در خانه می‌مانیم.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. زیرا او خسته است، ما به خانه می‌رویم.
 
2. ما به سینما می‌رویم اگر بلیت داشته باشیم.
 
3. وقتی که باران می‌بارد، ما در خانه می‌مانیم.
 
==== Exercise 4: Translate the Sentences ====
 
Translate the following complex sentences from English to Persian.
 
1. I will call you if I have time.
 
2. Although it is cold, we will go for a walk.
 
3. When the movie starts, we will find our seats.
 
''Sample Answers:''
 
1. اگر وقت داشته باشم، به تو زنگ می‌زنم.
 
2. هرچند سرد است، اما به پیاده‌روی می‌رویم.
 
3. وقتی فیلم شروع می‌شود، جاهای خود را پیدا می‌کنیم.
 
==== Exercise 5: Complete the Sentences ====
 
Fill in the blanks with appropriate subordinating conjunctions.
 
1. _____ تو بخوانی، می‌توانی امتحان را قبول شوی.
 
2. _____ او دیر کرد، ما منتظر ماندیم.
 
3. _____ باران ببارد، ما به پارک می‌رویم.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. به شرطی که
 
2. چون
 
3. اگر
 
==== Exercise 6: Create Your Own Sentences ====
 
Create three complex sentences using the following subordinating conjunctions:
 
1. زیرا
 
2. وقتی که
 
3. هرچند
 
''Sample Answers may vary but should demonstrate understanding of the conjunctions.''
 
==== Exercise 7: Match the Components ====
 
Match the independent clauses with the correct dependent clauses.
 
1. من کتاب می‌خوانم.
 
2. اگر تو بیایی،
 
3. وقتی که باران ببارد,
 
4. هرچند او خسته است,
 
A. ما جشن می‌گیریم.
 
B. ما در خانه می‌مانیم.
 
C. او کارش را انجام می‌دهد.
 
D. من خوشحال می‌شوم.
 
''Answers:''
 
1 - D, 2 - A, 3 - B, 4 - C
 
==== Exercise 8: Error Correction ====
 
Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
 
1. زیرا او گرسنه است ما غذا می‌خوریم.
 
2. اگر برویم، باران نمی‌بارد.
 
3. وقتی که او می‌خوابد، من کار می‌کنم.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. زیرا او گرسنه است، ما غذا می‌خوریم.
 
2. اگر برویم، باران نمی‌بارد. (Correct as is)


In this lesson, we learned how to form complex sentences in Iranian Persian using subordinating conjunctions and correct punctuation. Complex sentences are formed by combining a main clause with one or more subordinate clauses using subordinating conjunctions. We also discussed the correct use of punctuation in complex sentences to ensure clarity and proper sentence structure. By mastering complex sentences, you will be able to express more complex ideas and thoughts in Persian.
3. وقتی که او می‌خوابد، من کار می‌کنم. (Correct as is)


In the next lesson, we will continue to expand our knowledge of Persian grammar by learning about noun clauses and their usage in sentences.
==== Exercise 9: Writing Practice ====
 
Write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) using at least two complex sentences. Share your paragraph with a partner for feedback.
 
''Sample Answers may vary.''
 
==== Exercise 10: Group Discussion ====
 
In pairs, discuss your favorite activities and use complex sentences to describe why you enjoy them. For example, "I like swimming because it refreshes me."
 
''Sample Answers may vary.''
 
By engaging in these exercises, you will reinforce your understanding of complex sentences and their construction in Iranian Persian. Practice makes perfect, and soon you will be weaving complex thoughts into your conversations with ease!
 
In conclusion, complex sentences and the use of subordinating conjunctions are essential tools in your language arsenal. They will enable you to express more intricate ideas and connect your thoughts with clarity. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to get creative with your sentences. Happy learning!


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Latest revision as of 16:59, 31 July 2024

◀️ Lesson 21: Using infinitives — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Lesson 23: Persian civilization and ancient history ▶️

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Iranian Persian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions

In the realm of language learning, understanding how to form complex sentences is akin to unlocking a treasure chest filled with expressive gems. Complex sentences allow us to convey more nuanced thoughts, connect ideas, and articulate relationships between different parts of our speech. In this lesson, we will dive into the fascinating world of complex sentences in Iranian Persian, focusing on subordinating conjunctions and punctuation. By the end of our journey, you'll be able to craft sentences that not only communicate facts but also express your thoughts and feelings more richly.

In this lesson, we’ll cover:

  • What are complex sentences?
  • The role of subordinating conjunctions
  • How to punctuate complex sentences in Persian
  • Examples to illustrate the concepts
  • Exercises to practice your new skills

What are Complex Sentences?[edit | edit source]

Complex sentences are sentences that contain one independent clause and at least one dependent (or subordinate) clause. An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence, while a dependent clause cannot. This structure allows for more elaborate expressions in our speech and writing.

For example:

  • Independent Clause: I love reading.
  • Dependent Clause: because it opens up new worlds.

When combined, they form a complex sentence:

  • Complex Sentence: I love reading because it opens up new worlds.

In Persian, complex sentences function similarly, adding depth to our communication. Let's look at how we can construct them using subordinating conjunctions.

Subordinating Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Subordinating conjunctions are words that connect dependent clauses to independent clauses. They indicate the relationship between the two clauses, such as cause, time, condition, and contrast. In Persian, common subordinating conjunctions include:

  • زیرا (zira) - because
  • اگر (agar) - if
  • وقتی که (vaqti ke) - when
  • هرچند (har chand) - although
  • به شرطی که (be sharti ke) - provided that

Let’s break down some examples of complex sentences using these conjunctions.

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
من کتاب می‌خوانم زیرا دوست دارم. man ketâb mikhanam zira doost dâram. I read books because I love them.
اگر باران بیافتد، نمی‌رویم. agar bârân biyaftad, nemiravim. If it rains, we won’t go.
وقتی که به خانه می‌رسم، غذا می‌خورم. vaqti ke be khâne miresam, ghazâ mikhoram. When I reach home, I eat food.
هرچند خسته‌ام، اما باید کار کنم. har chand khaste-am, ammâ bâyad kâr konam. Although I am tired, I must work.
به شرطی که بخوانی، می‌توانی امتحان بدهی. be sharti ke bekhâni, mitavâni emtihân bedehi. Provided that you study, you can take the exam.

As you can see, these conjunctions serve as bridges between ideas, allowing you to express more complex thoughts.

Punctuation in Complex Sentences[edit | edit source]

Punctuation plays a crucial role in clarifying the meaning of complex sentences. In Persian, we typically use a comma to separate the independent clause from the dependent clause when the dependent clause comes first. However, if the independent clause precedes the dependent clause, the comma is often omitted.

For example:

  • With a comma: زیرا باران می‌بارد، ما در خانه می‌مانیم. (Because it’s raining, we stay at home.)
  • Without a comma: ما در خانه می‌مانیم زیرا باران می‌بارد. (We stay at home because it’s raining.)

This distinction helps readers understand the flow of the sentence and its intended meaning.

More Examples of Complex Sentences[edit | edit source]

Let's explore a variety of complex sentences to solidify your understanding.

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
چون او دیر آمد، ما شروع نکردیم. chun u dir âmâd, mā shoru' nakardim. Because he arrived late, we didn’t start.
اگر تو بخواهی، می‌توانیم برویم. agar to bekhâhi, mitavânim beravim. If you want, we can go.
وقتی که خورشید غروب می‌کند، آسمان رنگین می‌شود. vaqti ke khorshid ghorub mikonad, âsmân rangin mishavad. When the sun sets, the sky becomes colorful.
هرچند او مبتلاست، اما کارش را ادامه می‌دهد. har chand u mobtalâst, ammâ kârash râ edâme midahad. Although he is sick, he continues his work.
به شرطی که تمرین کنی، پیشرفت خواهی کرد. be sharti ke tamrin koni, pishraft khâhi kard. Provided that you practice, you will improve.
چون باران بارید، زمین خیس شد. chun bârân bârid, zamin khis shod. Because it rained, the ground got wet.
اگر او بیاید، خوشحال می‌شوم. agar u biyâd, khoshhâl mishavam. If he comes, I will be happy.
وقتی که تو بازی می‌کنی، من تماشا می‌کنم. vaqti ke to bâzi mikoni, man tamâsha mikonam. When you play, I watch.
هرچند او سردش است، اما بیرون می‌رود. har chand u sardash ast, ammâ birun miravad. Although he is cold, he goes outside.
به شرطی که کارهایت را انجام دهی، می‌توانی استراحت کنی. be sharti ke kâr-hâyat râ anjâm dehi, mitavâni esteraahat koni. Provided that you complete your tasks, you can rest.

These examples illustrate how subordinating conjunctions can enhance your sentences, making them more expressive and informative.

Exercises for Practice[edit | edit source]

Now that you’ve learned about complex sentences and subordinating conjunctions, let's put your knowledge to the test with some exercises.

Exercise 1: Identify the Conjunction[edit | edit source]

Read the following sentences and identify the subordinating conjunction used.

1. من می‌روم زیرا باران می‌بارد.

2. اگر تو بیایی، ما جشن می‌گیریم.

3. وقتی که تو سفر می‌کنی، من به تو فکر می‌کنم.

4. هرچند او خسته‌است، اما کارش را تمام می‌کند.

Answers:

1. زیرا

2. اگر

3. وقتی که

4. هرچند

Exercise 2: Form Complex Sentences[edit | edit source]

Use the given independent clauses to create complex sentences with the subordinating conjunction provided.

1. (من می‌خوابم) + زیرا

2. (او دیر می‌آید) + اگر

3. (ما در پارک هستیم) + وقتی که

4. (او خوشحال است) + هرچند

Sample Answers:

1. من می‌خوابم زیرا خسته هستم.

2. اگر او دیر بیاید، ما صبر می‌کنیم.

3. وقتی که ما در پارک هستیم، بچه‌ها بازی می‌کنند.

4. هرچند او خوشحال است، اما هنوز نگران است.

Exercise 3: Punctuation Practice[edit | edit source]

Add punctuation to the following sentences where necessary.

1. زیرا او خسته است ما به خانه می‌رویم.

2. ما به سینما می‌رویم اگر بلیت داشته باشیم.

3. وقتی که باران می‌بارد ما در خانه می‌مانیم.

Answers:

1. زیرا او خسته است، ما به خانه می‌رویم.

2. ما به سینما می‌رویم اگر بلیت داشته باشیم.

3. وقتی که باران می‌بارد، ما در خانه می‌مانیم.

Exercise 4: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following complex sentences from English to Persian.

1. I will call you if I have time.

2. Although it is cold, we will go for a walk.

3. When the movie starts, we will find our seats.

Sample Answers:

1. اگر وقت داشته باشم، به تو زنگ می‌زنم.

2. هرچند سرد است، اما به پیاده‌روی می‌رویم.

3. وقتی فیلم شروع می‌شود، جاهای خود را پیدا می‌کنیم.

Exercise 5: Complete the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with appropriate subordinating conjunctions.

1. _____ تو بخوانی، می‌توانی امتحان را قبول شوی.

2. _____ او دیر کرد، ما منتظر ماندیم.

3. _____ باران ببارد، ما به پارک می‌رویم.

Answers:

1. به شرطی که

2. چون

3. اگر

Exercise 6: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create three complex sentences using the following subordinating conjunctions:

1. زیرا

2. وقتی که

3. هرچند

Sample Answers may vary but should demonstrate understanding of the conjunctions.

Exercise 7: Match the Components[edit | edit source]

Match the independent clauses with the correct dependent clauses.

1. من کتاب می‌خوانم.

2. اگر تو بیایی،

3. وقتی که باران ببارد,

4. هرچند او خسته است,

A. ما جشن می‌گیریم.

B. ما در خانه می‌مانیم.

C. او کارش را انجام می‌دهد.

D. من خوشحال می‌شوم.

Answers:

1 - D, 2 - A, 3 - B, 4 - C

Exercise 8: Error Correction[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. زیرا او گرسنه است ما غذا می‌خوریم.

2. اگر برویم، باران نمی‌بارد.

3. وقتی که او می‌خوابد، من کار می‌کنم.

Answers:

1. زیرا او گرسنه است، ما غذا می‌خوریم.

2. اگر برویم، باران نمی‌بارد. (Correct as is)

3. وقتی که او می‌خوابد، من کار می‌کنم. (Correct as is)

Exercise 9: Writing Practice[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) using at least two complex sentences. Share your paragraph with a partner for feedback.

Sample Answers may vary.

Exercise 10: Group Discussion[edit | edit source]

In pairs, discuss your favorite activities and use complex sentences to describe why you enjoy them. For example, "I like swimming because it refreshes me."

Sample Answers may vary.

By engaging in these exercises, you will reinforce your understanding of complex sentences and their construction in Iranian Persian. Practice makes perfect, and soon you will be weaving complex thoughts into your conversations with ease!

In conclusion, complex sentences and the use of subordinating conjunctions are essential tools in your language arsenal. They will enable you to express more intricate ideas and connect your thoughts with clarity. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to get creative with your sentences. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Unit 1: Basic greetings and introductions


Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation


Unit 3: Talking about daily routines


Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns


Unit 5: Persian culture and customs


Unit 6: Food and drink


Unit 7: Past tense and regular verbs conjugation


Unit 8: Persian literature and arts


Unit 9: Travel and transportation


Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences


Unit 11: Persian history and geography


Unit 12: Leisure and entertainment


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Lesson 21: Using infinitives — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Lesson 23: Persian civilization and ancient history ▶️

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